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United Kingdom
United Kingdom
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CASE STUDY
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Kr meaning
Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert
What does Kr mean?
Kr is the chemical symbol for krypton, an inert noble gas. In legal and regulatory practice, references to Kr typically concern krypton‑85, a radioactive noble gas generated as a fission product of uranium‑235 (and plutonium) in nuclear reactors and during spent fuel reprocessing. The term is not defined in legislation; it is a descriptive chemical abbreviation used in environmental permitting, radiological protection and nuclear regulatory documents.
Across England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, control of krypton‑85 falls within the radioactive substances regime (for example under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 and the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018), with permits setting activity limits and monitoring and reporting requirements for gaseous emissions (often in Bq or Bq/m3). In Ireland, comparable controls apply under the Radiological Protection Acts and EU Basic Safety Standards, administered by the EPA's Office of Radiological Protection.
Legal relevance includes: setting and demonstrating compliance with discharge limits; environmental impact assessments; incident reporting; worker and public dose assessments; and transport and waste classification where krypton‑85 is present. Usage is broadly consistent across the UK and Ireland.
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View the related Practice Notes about Kr
PRACTICE NOTES
Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) in England: calculating chargeable amounts, indexation and floorspace deductions; mixed-use and phased schemes; outline and section 73 permissions; transitional provisions
Introduction The Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) is a tariff charged on development. Its statutory footing sits in Part 11 of the Planning Act 2008 (PA 2008), which authorises the Secretary of State to make regulations to provide for CIL’s imposition. Those rules were introduced as the Community Infrastructure Levy Regulations 2010 (the CIL Regulations), SI 2010/948. CIL covers both England and Wales, though this Practice Note addresses only the method for calculating CIL in England for any planning permission issued on or after 1 September 2019 (or a liability notice, whenever served, relating to such a permission). For assistance on working out the CIL sum payable in Wales, and in England for a permission granted before 1 September 2019 or a liability notice, whenever served, for such a permission, see Practice Note: Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL)—calculating CIL in Wales. Context No single provision in the CIL Regulations, SI 2010/948 neatly sets out the precise circumstances in which CIL liability is triggered. Nevertheless, this can be inferred from...
21 May
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PRACTICE NOTES
CIL in Wales: calculating the chargeable amount under Regulation 40 (indexation, deductions, mixed‑use, phasing, section 73) and England permissions granted before 1 September 2019
Introduction The Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) is a tariff imposed on development proposals. Its statutory footing lies in Part 11 of the Planning Act 2008 (PA 2008), which enables the Secretary of State to make regulations providing for the imposition of CIL. That power was given effect through the Community Infrastructure Levy Regulations 2010 (the CIL Regulations), SI 2010/948. CIL applies in both England and Wales; however, this Practice Note explains how to calculate CIL in Wales, and in England where planning permission was granted before 1 September 2019, or where a liability notice, whenever issued, concerns such a permission. For guidance on calculating the amount of CIL due in England for permissions granted on or after 1 September 2019 (or a liability notice, whenever issued, relating to such a permission), see Practice Note: Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL)—calculating CIL in England. Context There is no single regulation within the CIL Regulations, SI 2010/948, that neatly specifies the situations in which CIL liability arises. Nevertheless, those circumstances can...
21 May
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