Local area agreement meaning

This Checklist outlines the practical considerations for a franchisor when launching an international franchise. A franchisor may wish to grow its network abroad to tap new territories and emerging markets, usually by entering into an international franchise agreement or an international development agreement. Nevertheless, the agreement and the structuring of the international arrangement can also present challenges and complications. This Checklist identifies some of the practical issues that a franchisor planning to expand overseas might encounter. Issues The franchise agreement will state that the franchisee must run the business in line with the franchisor’s operations manual. However, the business method described in that manual may not have been piloted or proven in the overseas territory. It will have been devised on assumptions tailored to the local market. A franchisee may therefore struggle to implement the method in the overseas territory if reliant on those assumptions. A franchisee is often contractually obliged to use the marketing material supplied by the franchisor under the agreement...

Checklist This Checklist outlines the details that must appear in a notice of intention of intention to make an award, or to finalise a framework agreement, with the Chosen Provider through the Competitive Process, intended for submission to the UK central digital platform, to satisfy the transparency requirements set and mandated by the Health Care Services (Provider Selection Regime) Regulations 2023 (PSR Regs 2023), SI 2023/1348, reg 11(10), Sch 10...

Planning conditions and planning obligations often limit both what development may take place and the way it is carried out on the land or buildings to which they apply. See Practice Notes: Planning conditions—key points and Planning obligations—key points. Planning obligations Agreements made under section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (commonly called section 106 agreements, or planning obligations) control the use of land and bind successors in title. They are recorded as local land charges. The agreement should specify the land it binds by reference to an attached plan, which will usually mirror the planning application site boundary for the related development. A section 106 agreement is typically concluded before the decision notice granting planning permission is issued. How are planning obligations revealed? Review the outcome of the local land charges search (LLC1). Planning obligations are registrable as local land charges. From 12 April 2015, HM Land Registry has responsibility for the local land charges register. Transitional provisions permit HM Land Registry...

City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council v Kazi [2024] EWCA Civ 1037 What are the practical implications of this case? This ruling will be welcomed by local authorities nationwide, many of whom operate comparable policies. They can continue to apply those policies with confidence, while recognising they are guidance to be used flexibly in light of the facts of each case. Local authorities and the FTT should likewise keep to Marshall [54]: start from the policy and deviate only where a landlord has shown there are exceptional grounds. That said, they must remain alert to the policy’s aims and consider whether those aims will still be achieved if the policy is not followed. In this matter, having decided the second ground, the Court of Appeal declined to determine the first issue (para [47]). Interestingly, the judgment also signals agreement with the view that appeals under HA 2004, s 249A are not a vehicle for challenging a local authority’s housing policy, but only a means to contest a penalty...

Simkova v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2025] UKSC 41 What are the practical implications of this case? First, it is settled that EU nationals living in the UK, whose children reside in an EU member state, cannot receive the Universal Credit child element for those children. This holds even where the parent pays towards the children’s maintenance and support, notwithstanding the realities of cross‑border family life. Second, the judgment shows the courts continue to grapple with dense EU law even after Brexit, specifically in areas where the UK‑EU Withdrawal Agreement preserves direct effect. It underscores the ongoing need to interpret and apply those preserved rules when they bear on disputes arising in the domestic benefits system, for cases such as this. Third, this appeal did not give the Supreme Court an opportunity to define the scope of its discretion to seek a CJEU ruling on a question under Part Two of the Agreement concerning citizens’ rights. That discretion applies only to proceedings...

In this issue: Brexit headlines Constitutional and administrative law Equality and human rights Judicial review Public procurement Subsidy control and State aid Information law Other Public Law news Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Brexit headlines Court of Appeal restricts education-based residence right under UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement—R (Ayoola) v Home Secretary In R (Ayoola) v SSHD [2025] EWCA Civ 1519, the Court of Appeal held that Articles 24(2) and 25(2) of the Withdrawal Agreement do not confer fresh residence entitlements; they merely safeguard education‑linked derivative residence rights that existed before withdrawal from the EU. Specifically, children of EU nationals had residence rights under Article 12 of Regulation 1612/68 (later Article 10 of Regulation 492/2011). Their third‑country national parents held residence rights only where their presence was required for the child. CJEU case law acknowledged and reinforced those derivative entitlements. Nonetheless,...

Consent or agreement To discharge liquid effluent from trade or industrial premises, a consent, or an agreement, must be in place with a local water and sewerage undertaker for release into: a public sewer a private sewer that subsequently connects to a public sewer For information on water companies and water supply/sewerage licensees, see: Ofwat: Licences and licensees. To seek trade effluent consent, a Trade Effluent Notice must be submitted to the sewerage undertaker. Where an application is unsuccessful, the water company will set out the reasons for refusal in writing. There is a right of appeal to Ofwat under section 122 of the Water Industry Act 1991 (WIA 1991). In particular circumstances, the Environment Agency (or Natural Resources Wales in Wales) may impose additional conditions on a consent, due to the substances present in the discharge or the processes that give rise to it. Agricultural holdings, horticulture business, fish farms, and premises used for scientific or experimental purposes are...

Loan market and developments Overview Broadly, Scotland’s loan market mirrors that of England. Financial services regulation operates on a UK‑wide basis; a substantial body of legislation governing companies and other corporate vehicles (including corporate insolvency) likewise applies across the UK; and all Scottish clearing banks conduct business in every UK jurisdiction, as do their counterparts across the UK. In practical terms, this means English law governed loan documents typically require minimal amendment for UK cross‑border lending transactions. There are, however, some differences in terminology and certain statutory variations that must be allowed for; beyond those matters, an English law loan document and a Scots law loan document are closely aligned. It is commonplace, for example, for English law loan agreements to be deployed in Scottish lending transactions. The principal divergences between the jurisdictions arise in relation to property law and to the law concerning rights in security, where Scots law and English law are notably distinct. Lending Is it necessary to secure any consents or licences to...

What is a planning performance agreement? (PPA) Planning performance agreements are voluntary memoranda of understanding or agreements between a planning applicant, the local planning authority (LPA) and, in some instances, other interested parties such as key statutory consultees. A PPA records agreed commitments on timescales, tasks and the resources to be applied to a particular planning submission. Functioning as a project management framework, it sets out the pathway for reaching a determination on the application. PPAs are commonly put in place before an application is lodged and may span every stage of the process, including pre-application. Although the emphasis is usually on the pre-application and application phases, a PPA can also extend into the post-application period, for example to govern how reserved matters or approvals of details will be dealt with. They might be documented as a simple memorandum of understanding or an exchange of letters, or entered into under section 111 of the Local Government Act 1972 (LGA 1972) (see Q&A: What is a section 111 agreement?)....

This Agreement is entered into on [ insert date ] of [ insert month ] [ insert year ] by and between: [ insert name ], of [ insert address ] (' Council '); [ insert name ], of [ insert address ] (' County Council '); [ insert name ], a company duly incorporated and registered in [ insert details ] under number [ insert details ], whose registered office is at [ insert address ] (' Developer '); [ Additional parties as necessary eg owner, landlord, mortgagee, option holder etc. ] (' [ insert additional parties as necessary eg owner, landlord, mortgagee, option holder etc ] '). Recitals The Council is the local planning authority for the purposes of section 106 of the 1990 Act for the area within which the Land is situated and is the body by whom the obligations contained in this Deed are enforceable. The County Council is the local highway...

1 Definitions and interpretation 1.1 Within these Conditions, the terms below shall have the following meanings: Adequate Procedures – to be interpreted in accordance with BA 2010 and the guidance issued under it; Affiliate – any entity that, directly or indirectly, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, another entity; Applicable Law – all applicable laws, legislation, statutory instruments, regulations, and governmental guidance having binding effect, whether local or national [ or international in any relevant jurisdiction ]; Associated Person – means any or all of: (a) a party’s officers, employees, agents, subcontractors, subsidiaries, and persons Associated With that party (the Associates); and (b) persons Associated With any of the Associates, in each case engaged in performing services for or on behalf of that party, the Services and/or the Contract; Associated With – when used: (a) in clause 10 and in respect of bribery, shall be read in accordance with BA 2010 and the guidance published under it; (b)...

Insert the following definitions as new definitions into clause 1 of Precedent: Asset purchase agreement—short form: 1 Definitions and interpretation Sanctioned Activity • means any act subject to sanctions imposed by the Sanctioning Body; Sanctioning Body • includes the United Kingdom, United States of America, European Union, plus any other relevant local, national or multinational governmental agency, ministry, official parliament, public or statutory person, or any governmental or professional body, regulator or supervisory authority, board or other entity charged with imposing and/or administering sanctions; Sanctioned Entity • denotes any individual or organisation that is, or that is owned or controlled ...

Section 38 agreements These agreements fall under section 38 of the Highways Act 1980; refer to Practice Note: Highways—adoption agreements. There is no statutory route by which agreements can be ended or ‘cancelled’. However, a section 38 agreement may, in principle, be altered by a deed of variation, but this requires consent of all parties to the original agreement...

Section 106 agreements (section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990)) These provisions enable any person with an interest in land to, ‘by agreement or otherwise’, enter into obligations under TCPA 1990, s 106(1)(a) to (d), which may: limit or control the development or use of the land require that specified operations or works are carried out stipulate that the land is used in a particular way require payment of a sum or sums to the authority As s 106 allows obligations to be given ‘by agreement or otherwise’, they may equally be created by a unilateral undertaking, rather than solely through an agreement. This note considers both mechanisms and their effect in practice. For either an agreement or a unilateral undertaking to bind all interests in the land, everyone holding an interest must be joined as a party to the agreement, or must join in the unilateral undertaking, as appropriate. In either event, the local...

Tithes Tithes represent a tenth share of all produce—praedial, personal, and mixed—owed to God and, by extension, to the ministers of His church for their support and maintenance. They fall due annually on everything that, with husbandry, yields increase through the act of God, even if that increase is not realised in each year, the obligation nonetheless arising from such productive potential... Tithe rentcharges The difficulty of gathering tithe in kind, coupled with the variable income it produced, prompted early moves to compound tithes: voluntary arrangements termed ‘moduses’ or compositions real, and those established by local or general statutes referred to as ‘corn rents’ or tithe rentcharges. Then, in 1836, a formal process was set out for commuting all tithes into tithe rentcharges, whether achieved by agreement or enforced by compulsion; in practice, almost all tithes have subsequently been so commuted...