Long meaning

In this Checklist, the following defined terms are relevant: application programming interface (API) refers to an application programming interface API Data means any data or other content on the Platform reached by the Application or the API Licensee, and/or sent from the Platform to the Application via an API API Licensee means a provider of an Application that connects to the Platform/API API Licensor means the provider of a Platform/API Application means an application of an API Licensee that uses an API Platform means a platform of an API Licensor that is accessed through an API An API is a source code-level interface that enables applications (specifically, software components) to communicate with one another. It is the outward-facing element of an application that sets the rules for how that application will interact with other software. A developer does not need to grasp the entire codebase of an application to build something compatible with it. So long as the software...

To bring a business tenancy to an end on the contractual expiry date or at any point thereafter, a tenant may rely on a notice given under section 27 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 (LTA 1954). This Checklist sets out the circumstances and procedure for serving such a notice. For wider guidance on ending LTA 1954 tenancies, refer to Practice Note: LTA 1954 business lease renewal—termination. It outlines timing and the method of service in clear terms. Is the tenancy for a fixed term? A section 27 notice is available only where the tenancy is for a fixed term. It is not available for periodic tenancies. Nevertheless, a tenant may end a periodic tenancy by giving a common law notice to quit (see Practice Note: LTA 1954 business lease renewal—termination under the heading Termination of LTA 1954 tenancies). Have any other notices been served? Once a tenant has served a section 26 request, they cannot then serve a section 27 notice...

Flowchart This Flowchart assists in identifying and selecting which Precedent agreement for the supply of services is best suited for use in a particular situation or circumstance. An at-a-glance table likewise summarises the principal underlying drafting assumptions for each of the Precedent agreements, providing an alternative means of deciding the most appropriate Precedent to deploy in any given situation or context. Only business-to-business (B2B) Precedent options are addressed by the Flowchart together with the accompanying table...

Flowchart This Flowchart aims to guide you through dealing with a superSAR submitted under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, as amended by the Criminal Finances Act 2017. See further Practice Note: Proceeds of Crime Act 2002—information sharing in the regulated sector—superSARs...

During any due diligence on acquiring a leasehold interest in land, it is vital to review whether the tenant may assign, underlet, or charge the premises. Provisions that are too restrictive may: adversely affect the buyer’s ability to dispose of their interest in the property in the future create a burden for day-to-day property management impact the overall value of the property to the buyer This Checklist is directed chiefly at leases granted for a reasonably long term at an annual market rent. For further guidance on: building leases, see Practice Note: Building leases—alienation side-by-side or geared rent leases, see Practice Note: Headlease rent linked to underlease rents long leases granted for a premium at a peppercorn rent where the leasehold interest is virtually equivalent to a freehold interest, see Precedent: Long lease of whole of commercial premises at a premium Assignment Can the tenant assign the lease and is the landlord’s consent...

ARCHIVED: This flowchart has been archived and is not maintained. These flowcharts were produced to help identify whether an asset counts as excluded property for UK inheritance tax (IHT) on or after 6 April 2017. From 6 April 2025, a new framework came into force, replacing domicile as the primary test for an individual’s IHT exposure with the concept of long‑term residence. The reforms also adjusted the criteria for when trust property falls within the scope of excluded property... From 6 April 2025, assets held in trust qualify as excluded property only where: they are non‑UK situs assets, and the settlor is not a long‑term resident of the UK at the point a potential IHT charge arises For more information, see Practice Note: New IHT regime from 6 April 2025—FAQs. The flowcharts consider whether an asset is excluded property by reference to the location (situs) of the property and, where relevant, the domicile of the beneficial owner or settlor...

In this issue Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Nuclear energy International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials National Grid has unveiled a strategic tie-up between its Distribution System Operator (DSO) and Electron to boost the scale and value of flexibility for system operators and flexibility service providers (FSPs) by enabling market interoperability. Electron will link its flexibility market platform, ElectronConnect, with the DSO’s Market Gateway, giving FSPs wider choice in how they access and engage with flexibility on the electricity distribution network. The collaboration also aims to reduce entry hurdles and drive broader market participation. See: LNB News 02/05/2024 7. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem has opened a consultation...

HMRC figures released on 31 July 2024 reveal that 2.6 million individuals have to date taken a flexible pension payment, with 43% aged under 60 and 28% aged 64 or below. Just Group reported that nearly two-thirds of the £83bn drawn via flexible payments since pension freedom rules were introduced in 2015 has been taken by those under 65. Stephen Lowe, group communications director at the retirement savings firm, warned that savers should handle withdrawals carefully and with caution...

In this issue: Criminal procedure and evidence Proceeds of crime Appeal and judicial review Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Cybercrime and data protection offences Environmental offences Financial services and pensions offences Food safety and hygiene offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Local authority prosecutions Money laundering International LexTalk®Corporate Crime: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Criminal procedure and evidence Court delays soar as backlogs break records Between April and June 2025, the criminal courts in England and Wales amassed an unprecedented caseload of almost 440,000, with incoming matters exceeding disposals and a system hampered by long-standing funding shortfalls. In response, the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), together with The Rt Hon David Lammy MP, confirmed extra resources to accelerate outcomes for...

Family business culture Given the relatively high expense of sourcing and appointing senior staff, holding on to the right people with the right expertise is vital for any firm, and even more so for a family-run enterprise where hiring can be tougher than for rivals. Working in a family company brings upsides; research points to greater loyalty, satisfaction, flexibility and security. Yet drawbacks can appear, such as ambiguity, perceived unfairness, muddled accountability and family politics. The task is to bring in senior leaders who align with the culture and to ensure they are incentivised to remain and help grow the business. Therefore, a family business must shape recruitment and induction so they reflect its distinctive culture and complexity. Not every senior executive will thrive in a family setting, and cultural alignment may, in the end, matter as much as formal credentials. This must be weighed against the need to attract high-calibre people and keep them engaged for the long haul. Practical measures available to family firms include supporting new...

National policy 25-Year Environment Plan —the 25-Year Environment Plan outlines the government’s commitments to enhance the environment within a generation. The Environmental Improvement Plan 2023 (EIP 2023) for England was the first statutory update to the 25-Year Environment Plan under the Environment Act 2021 (EA 2021). On 1 December 2025, it was replaced by the Environmental Improvement Plan 2025 (EIP 2025), now the current environmental improvement plan for EA 2021 purposes. EIP 2025 renews the long-term framework for achieving environmental outcomes, revises the interim targets in EIP 2023 and adds two new interim targets. EIP 2025 is pertinent to waste planning as part of the broader policy to improve resource efficiency and drive the move to a more circular economy, complementing the Resources and Waste Strategy and the Waste Management Plan for England (see below). Resources and Waste Strategy The Resources and Waste Strategy sets out how the government intends to conserve material resources by cutting waste, promoting resource efficiency and moving towards a circular economy in...

This Practice Note deals with the application of the residence rules to people leaving the UK after 5 April 2013. The UK introduced its first codified individual tax residence test—the statutory residence test (SRT)—with effect from 6 April 2013. For detailed guidance on the SRT, refer to the Residence after 5 April 2013 Practice Note. Prior to that date, an individual’s UK tax residence was assessed by reference to a patchwork of narrow statutory provisions, case law, established practice and HMRC guidance. Status for any period before 6 April 2013 must therefore still be established under those earlier rules. Application of the SRT looks in part at whether a person was UK resident in the preceding three tax years, meaning residence outcomes for 2010/11, 2011/12 and/or 2012/13 matter when assessing residence from 6 April 2013. Although the pre‑2013/14 years remain governed by the old law, an individual may choose to have their residence in one or more of those years determined under the SRT, solely for the purpose of...

Insert the following definitions as new definitions into clause 1 of Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-seller—individual sellers—unconditional—long form: 1 Definitions and interpretation Sanctioned Activity • any conduct subject to sanctions set by a Sanctioning Body; Sanctioning Body • the UK, USA, EU and any other relevant authority imposing/administering sanctions; Sanctioned Entity • any person or entity that is, or is owned/controlled (directly or indirectly, per Sanctions Laws) by, a party sanctioned or listed by a Sanctioning Body; Sanctions Laws • all applicable law on Sanctioned Activities binding any Party or this Agreement’s performance; Sanctions Policy • the Sellers’ sanctions policy in Appendix [ insert Appendix number ], as updated and notified to the Buyer; 1.2 The Sellers and the Group Companies, as at the date of this Agreement and throughout its term: are not Sanctioned Entities; have not been notified of any investigation into a Sanctioned Activity; are unaware of Business circumstances that could give rise...

Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—individual sellers—conditional—long form Add the following as new definitions into clause 1 of the above stated, named precedent document herein...

Insert the following definitions as new definitions into clause 1 of Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—corporate seller—conditional—long form: 1 Definitions and interpretation Sanctioned Activity: activity subject to a Sanctioning Body’s sanctions. Sanctioning Body: United Kingdom, United States of America, European Union, and any other authority administering sanctions. Sanctioned Entity: any person or entity that is, or is owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by one that is, sanctioned or on a designated list of a Sanctioning Body; ‘owned or controlled directly or indirectly’ has the meaning in Sanctions Laws. Sanctions Laws: all law on a Sanctioned Activity binding either Party or the Agreement’s performance. Sanctions Policy: the Seller’s sanctions policy in Appendix [insert Appendix number], as updated and notified to the Buyer. is not a Sanctioned Entity; has not been notified of any Sanctioned Activity investigation; is unaware of Business circumstances likely to prompt such investigation; shall comply with Sanctions Laws and the Sanctions Policy; ...

Under WTR 1998, workers get 5.6 weeks’ annual leave each year: a basic entitlement of four weeks’ leave (20 days for a standard full‑time worker) implementing article 7 of the Working Time Directive (WTD) an additional 1.6 weeks’ leave (eight days for a standard full‑time worker) created by domestic law only Understanding this distinction is important because: European Court of Justice case law concerns the WTD alone, so it applies only to the basic four weeks’ paid leave holiday pay is calculated differently for: the basic four weeks, and the additional 1.6 weeks The general rules as to the right to carry forward accrued holiday entitlement are that: the basic four weeks must be taken in the leave year earned and cannot be carried over (though an employer may choose to allow it) a relevant agreement may allow the additional 1.6...

Section 12(2A) of the Children Act 1989 (ChA 1989) Inserted by paragraph 21(4) of Schedule 2, Part 1 of the Children and Families Act 2014 (CFA 2014), Section 12(2A) of the Children Act 1989 (ChA 1989) came into force on 22 April 2014. This statutory amendment to ChA 1989, s 12 expressly empowers the court to confer parental responsibility on an individual who is neither a parent nor a guardian of the child, but who is identified in a relevant child arrangements order (CAO) as a person with whom the child spends time or otherwise has contact. Any parental responsibility granted under ChA 1989, s 12(2A) endures only for as long as the corresponding CAO currently remains operative. Although the provision has been operative for more than two years, there seem to be no reported cases that consider ChA 1989, s 12(2A)...

This Q&A raises the issue of the extent to which a person who takes an assignment of the reversion to a residential lease is able to recover rent which fell due before the date upon which it takes effect Upon serving the tenant with notice of assignment of the reversion, the assignee’s rights depend on when the residential lease was granted: Leases granted before 1 January 1996: under section 141 of the Law of Property Act 1925, the assignee is entitled to rent falling due in the future. In addition, as established in Re King, the assignee may pursue arrears that accrued before the assignment, and once the transfer takes effect, the outgoing landlord’s ability to recover those sums is lost. Leases granted on or after 1 January 1996: the Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 applies. By virtue of LT(C)A 1995, section 3(3)(b), an assignee of the reversion is entitled to rent which becomes payable after the assignment takes effect. In...