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Longevity meaning

What does Longevity mean?
Longevity, in legal and pensions practice, describes members’ life expectancy and anticipated mortality improvements, which determine how long pensions and annuities are payable. It is not defined in legislation or case law; it is an actuarial and descriptive term used across pensions, insurance and corporate transactions in the UK and Ireland. Increased longevity raises the present value of defined benefit pension liabilities because benefits (including spouses’ pensions) are payable for life. The possibility of further improvements in life expectancy creates longevity risk: a material, hard‑to‑predict factor for scheme funding, employer covenant assessments and transaction pricing. Lawyers encounter longevity in actuarial valuations, scheme funding negotiations (e.g. under the UK Pensions Act 2004 regime and the Irish IORP II framework), transfer value calculations, bulk annuity “buy‑in” and “buy‑out” contracts, and longevity swaps with (re)insurers as part of de‑risking. It also influences accounting under FRS 102/IFRS and the cost of winding‑up or employer exit debts. Assumptions commonly reference the Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI) tables in the UK and Irish Life Tables/CMI for Ireland, subject to scheme‑specific experience. Usage and legal relevance are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with regulatory oversight by The Pensions Regulator and the Pensions Authority.
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NEWS
TPR employer covenant guidance for DB funding code; BoE LDI resilience; PPF Purple Book; scheme return and dashboards updates; PLSA backs Mansion House, biodiversity guide; Ombudsman orders pension liberation repayments

In this issue: Funding and investment Scheme governance Pension scams and liberation Daily and weekly news alerts Dates for your diary Trackers Funding and investment TPR publishes revised employer covenant guidance to align with new DB funding code of practice The Pensions Regulator (TPR) has at last issued revised guidance on the employer covenant for trustees overseeing defined benefit (DB) pension schemes, to align with its new DB funding code of practice, which took effect on 12 November 2024 under the Pensions Act 2004 (Code of Practice) (Defined Benefit Funding) Appointed Day Order 2024 (SI 2024/1143). Described by TPR as ‘the last piece of the jigsaw to help schemes carry out valuations under the new DB funding code’, the update introduces the first regulatory definition of employer covenant, intended to deliver greater market certainty and foster consistency between schemes. Notable changes cover cash flow analysis, tests of reasonable affordability, maximum affordable contributions, reliability periods, covenant longevity, and...

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NEWS
ILC: UK may need state pension age of 71 by 2050 to sustain dependency ratio; urges prevention-led health policy, broader auto-enrolment and gig-economy protections.

High-ranked nations are ageing rapidly compared with lower-ranked ones, research by the International Longevity Centre in London has revealed. The analysis drew on the think tank’s Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index overall, which listed 121 countries in total in 2019 for its comparison. Among them were Switzerland in first place, Iceland in second, and the UK placed 16th in the index. It assessed the dependency ratio, a measure of the percentage of people aged 65 and over relative to working adults aged 15 to 64. A 20% ratio at a state pension age of 65 equates to five workers supporting each retiree in practice. However, projections of 50% by 2050 in some nations indicate there would be just one worker for every retiree by then, the Centre said...

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NEWS
Rising longevity and National Insurance cut: Aegon presses parties for pre-election clarity on UK state pension triple lock, funding sustainability, social care and intergenerational fairness

Steven Cameron, pensions director at Aegon UK, said data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), released on 11 January 2024, revealing numbers of people aged over 100 in England and Wales, painted a 'fascinating picture' of longevity higher than before. According to the ONS figures released on 11 January 2024, the count of centenarians has more than doubled since 2002, with an estimated 15,120 people in England and Wales in 2022. The estimated population in the two nations aged 90 and above rose by 2.1% compared with 2021, reaching its highest total to date of more than 550,000 individuals, the figures show...

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View the related Practice Notes about Longevity

PRACTICE NOTES
ESG Law Training Materials for UK Lawyers: UK and international frameworks, reporting and disclosure, ratings, CSR, strategy and the three pillars

These course materials comprise PowerPoint slide templates with accompanying notes to support trainers presenting the law around ESG. Topics include the three ESG pillars and their practical use, ESG ratings, guidance on creating and implementing ESG strategies, corporate social responsibility, the key legislation and guidance, plus reporting and disclosure duties. The materials are customisable. Click the link below to download the PowerPoint presentation. Contents What is ESG? Key legislation/guidelines Global frameworks and standards ESG ratings Stakeholder investment and financial longevity Applying the three ESG pillars in practice The role of legal professionals Practical tips for creating and implementing an ESG strategy Summary This deck offers an introduction to the law relating to ESG. Purpose of slides/seminar The slides are for a general...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Insurance Premiums: Calculation, Additional and Return Premiums, Payment Terms, Warranties/Conditions Precedent, Broker Transmission (Marine and Non-marine), Net Accounting and Bordereaux, and FCA Pricing/Consumer Duty Rules (UK)

An insurance premium is the amount paid for insurance or reinsurance protection and is the consideration the (re)insured gives in return for the (re)insurer’s contractual undertaking to indemnify it for risks set out in the policy. Premium funds are used by (re)insurers mainly to: build reserves for both reported and unreported losses settle claims generate investment returns purchase reinsurance meet regulatory solvency margin obligations pay Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) to HMRC For more on IPT, see Practice Note: tax. Calculating the insurance premium Underwriters and actuaries determine the premium in line with their assessment of risk, and the method varies by class of business. Life and health pricing is largely a mathematical exercise performed by actuaries using extensive longevity and morbidity data, reflecting current and long-term inflation and expected investment returns. Some general lines, such as motor, can also be priced on this basis where there is a sufficiently broad statistical data set and a large enough...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Charity Formation and Administration: Clarifying Charitable Objects, Business Planning, Costs, Banking, Insurance and Trustee Liability Considerations

When establishing a charity, the anticipated longevity of that body should be a key consideration when defining its aims and objects. If it is a short term endeavour (perhaps tied to a single event) this is less of an issue; however, for a long term venture it must be recognised that aims and objectives may evolve, or need to evolve, as time passes. Aims and objectives Before setting up the charity, certain points should be settled: what the charity will tangibly aim to deliver alongside this, who stands to benefit from the charity whether the actual work the 'charity' proposes is charitable under the legal definition what the pros and cons of charitable status are—some activity (notably political) may not be best pursued (or even permitted) through a charitable organisation New charities also confront the question of distinctiveness. There are many charities (over 160,000 registered by the Charity Commission as at 2012) and some overlap of aims and objects...

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