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United Kingdom
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Milling meaning
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What does Milling mean?
In mining and minerals legal practice, milling means processing mined ore—by crushing, grinding and related physical or chemical steps—to separate and concentrate valuable minerals into a saleable concentrate, with tailings as a by-product. It may take place at the mine site or off-site under toll-milling or processing agreements.
Milling is an industry description rather than a term generally defined in legislation or case law; UK and Irish law and regulators more often refer to “mineral processing” or “treatment”. The term is used in mineral leases, licences and project contracts to distinguish extraction (winning and working) from subsequent processing. This distinction can affect the scope of rights granted, access and use of land and water, royalty structures (for example, run-of-mine, concentrate or net smelter return), allocation of title and risk in ore and concentrate, and offtake and toll-processing obligations.
From a regulatory perspective, a mill or concentrator typically requires planning permission and environmental permitting, and generates extractive waste (tailings) regulated under mining/extractive waste regimes; emissions, noise, dust and water discharges are also controlled. Health and safety rules for mines, quarries and processing plants apply. Usage and legal implications are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with jurisdiction-specific planning...
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View the related News about Milling
NEWS
Arbitration highlights: English Commercial Court allows s67/68/69 challenges to GAFTA award; Dutch court blocks intra-EU BIT arbitration; Singapore jurisdiction/illegality; JAMS labour rules; survey; LCAM blockchain updates
In this issue: Arbitration in England & Wales International arbitration Institutional and ad hoc arbitration Other arbitration and ADR-related news and developments LexTalk®Arbitration: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Useful information Arbitration in England & Wales CAFI - Commodity & Freight Integrators DMCC v GTCS Trading DMCC The significant ruling in CAFI - Commodity & Freight Integrators DMCC v GTCS Trading DMCC [2025] EWHC 1350 (Comm) has been issued. The Commercial Court upheld the buyer’s (CAFI) challenges to a GAFTA Appeal Award under ss 67 (substantive jurisdiction), 68 (serious procedural irregularity) and 69 (appeal on a point of law) of the English Arbitration Act 1996. GTCS, as seller of a shipment of Russian milling wheat, had pursued arbitration seeking damages against CAFI for alleged breaches of two contracts. That claim failed at first instance but succeeded before the GAFTA Appeal Board. The court concluded that the Appeal Board was wrong to hold it lacked...
05 June
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View the related Practice Notes about Milling
PRACTICE NOTES
CMA Phase 2 final report clears Boparan/2Agriculture purchase of ForFarmers’ Burston and Radstock feed mills: no SLC in local meat poultry feed or UK poultry meat
CASE HUB ARCHIVED This case hub reflects the position as at the decision date of 19 March 2025 and is not maintained. See the timeline and commentary for further detail. Case facts Outline UK merger investigation into the proposed acquisition by Boparan Private Office Limited (via 2 Agriculture Limited) of ForFarmers UK Limited’s Burston and Radstock feed mills. The deal entails horizontal overlaps in the supply of meat poultry feed. Latest developments On 19 March 2025, the CMA released its final report, confirming the interim conclusion that the merger is not expected to lead to an SLC in the local supply of meat poultry feed, or in any other UK market. Parties Boparan (Boparan): acting through 2Agriculture Ltd (2Agriculture), it operates in animal feed milling, specialising in the manufacture of conventional (i.e. non-organic) compound poultry feed. 2Agriculture belongs to a wider group active in food production and supply, under the common ownership of Mr Ranjit Singh Boparan and Mrs Baljinder...
21 May
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