Model meaning

Introduction to freezing injunctions and scope of this checklist A freezing injunction (also known as a freezing order) is a temporary court order that prevents a respondent from disposing of or transferring its assets out of the relevant jurisdiction—namely England and Wales—or, in the case of a worldwide freezing order (WFO), from moving them anywhere in the world. The court’s principal aim in granting such relief is to preserve the respondent’s assets so that, if the applicant later obtains judgment against the respondent, there will be assets available for recovery by the applicant and, if necessary, enforcement action. This Checklist explains how to make an application for a freezing injunction where claims are contemplated or already underway in a corporate or personal insolvency context. As the precise circumstances of each matter must be assessed, this Checklist does not claim to be exhaustive; rather, it provides an overview of the key considerations at each stage when seeking an order of this kind. The focus throughout is asset preservation pending determination...

This timeline shows key developments relating to the UK securitisation regime from January 2024 onwards For earlier milestones, see EU and UK Securitisation Regulations—timeline [Archived]. On 1 November 2024, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 (the UK Securitisation Regulation) no longer applied in the UK, and new securitisation rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) came into effect. For insight into the revised UK framework, see Practice Note: The UK securitisation regime. 2026 17 February 2026 — PRA/FCA CP2/26 – Reforms to securitisation requirements; CP26/6: Rules for reforming the UK Securitisation Framework; Applying the FSMA 2000 model of regulation to the Capital Requirements Regulation The PRA and FCA have opened consultations on changes to the UK securitisation framework. The FCA suggests simplifying reporting, disclosure and due diligence obligations. The PRA intends to lessen firms’ compliance load by making the regime less prescriptive and adjusting the capital treatment of loans under the Mortgage Guarantee...

This Checklist pinpoints the principal provisions commonly found in a trade mark coexistence agreement. It may serve as a prompt for matters to address when preparing, assessing, or negotiating these arrangements. It can be relied upon as a list of points to review at drafting stage, during review, and throughout negotiations and sign-off process. It may equally be tailored as heads of terms to capture core positions whilst a full trade mark coexistence agreement is finalised. For help on doing so, see Precedent: Heads of terms—commercial contracts. For a model coexistence agreement, see Precedent: Trade mark coexistence agreement. For further detail on factors to weigh when drafting a coexistence agreement, see Practice Notes: Trade mark coexistence agreements and Negotiation guide—trade mark coexistence agreement. Checklist Points to consider Further information Notes (if any) (A) Key commercial considerations ☐ Parties Verify which entities will sign the agreement—specify who owns the trade marks (and related rights) and who is exploiting them. Confirm each party’s legal form and...

Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR) for Common Reporting Standard (CRS) Avoidance Arrangements and Offshore Structures In March 2018, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issued the model Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR) for Common Reporting Standard (CRS) avoidance arrangements and offshore structures, intended to encourage country by country consistency in applying disclosure and transparency so as to combat aggressive tax planning on a global scale...

The Texas shoot out Also termed a Mexican shoot out, Tex Mex shoot out or sealed bids, this procedure can be initiated by either shareholder, including shareholder who did not cause the deadlock, by serving notice on the other shareholder, compelling both shareholders to submit sealed bids for other shareholder’s shares within a specified timescale as set...

AMR represents a mounting global public health threat, with some analyses attributing up to five million deaths each year. It is therefore unequivocally a core ESG priority for life sciences. In a year poised to be pivotal for coordinated action—underscored by its profile at the UN High Level Meeting in September 2023—the government has set out firm pledges. It has released the Second 5 year AMR National Action Plan for 2024–2029 (the Action Plan) (see: LNB News 08/05/2024 25), designed to advance the UK’s 20 year vision to contain AMR by 2040 and acting as a key strand of the UK’s recently revised Biosecurity Strategy. The Action Plan frames commitments across four pillars: cutting the need for, and unintended exposure to, antimicrobials; optimising antimicrobial use; driving innovation, and ensuring supply and access; acting as a responsible global partner. We highlight below ESG developments pertinent to life sciences. Market failures The Action Plan prioritises boosting R&D and remedying entrenched market...

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Contamination and pollution Energy efficiency and buildings Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental information Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Air emissions and climate change Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR)-UK government publishes Business Model documentation On 27 August 2025, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) released a suite of papers on its proposed Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR) Business Model and accompanying policy. The Lexis+ Energy team, working with Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, Senior Lecturer in Climate Law at the University of Edinburgh Law School, set out the context for the GGR Business Model; its relationship with the Power BECCS Business Model; the technologies the GGR framework intends to encompass; its legal footing and principal features; and how...

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Energy efficiency of products Energy for environmental lawyers ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Marine Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Air emissions and climate change Defra opens consultation on industrial emissions permitting reforms The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has begun consulting on plans to modernise England’s environmental permitting regime for industrial emissions. The package aims to foster innovation, adopt agile standards, secure proportionate and coherent regulation, boost regulator effectiveness and efficiency, and deliver a transparent system. Suggested measures include a new registration route for low-risk installations, flexible site permits setting overall emissions caps, and faster approvals for time‑limited technology trials. The proposals reflect the Corry Review’s critique of regulatory inefficiency. The Environment Agency intends to roll out changes that could cut permit queues from months to days and lower...

Text on obligations of directors of enterprise group companies in the period approaching insolvency: status Working Group V, UNCITRAL’s insolvency-focused body, approved the Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency (MLEG) in 2018 at its 54th session in Vienna (10–14 December 2018). In 2019, the UN Commission on International Trade Law (the Commission) endorsed and adopted both the guide to enactment and the text on the obligations of directors of enterprise group companies nearing insolvency (the Directors’ Guide) at its 53rd session in New York (6–17 July 2019) (see A/74/17—Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law fifty-second session (advance copy)). The Directors’ Guide adds an extra section to part four of the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency law, covering directors’ duties (see Practice Note: UNCITRAL guidance on directors' obligations in the period approaching insolvency). UNCITRAL encourages all states worldwide to consult the Legislative Guide when drafting or updating insolvency-related legislation. Although not automatically binding, these recommendations reflect best practice... Geographical reach The Directors’ Guide could,...

This Practice Note provides an introduction to the overall structure of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Arbitration Rules (the UNCITRAL Rules). The UNCITRAL Rules occupy a significant role in contemporary arbitration practice. They are crafted for ad hoc international commercial arbitrations—proceedings not administered by an arbitral institution and, typically, not conducted under that institution’s rules. The Rules may likewise be employed in investor–state arbitrations commenced under a treaty, such as a bilateral investment treaty, where the treaty permits arbitration conducted under those rules. Unless the parties stipulate otherwise, the UNCITRAL Rules govern arbitration agreements concluded on or after 15 August 2010, ie the date the revised Rules took effect. The earlier 1976 UNCITRAL Rules continue to apply to all arbitration agreements entered into before that date. Both the 1976 and 2010 UNCITRAL Rules are separate from UNCITRAL’s Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, adopted in 1985 and revised in 2006, which has been adopted (often with modifications) by more than 50 jurisdictions—see Practice Note: The UNCITRAL...

For both the investing private equity fund and the target’s leadership, the prime lure of a private equity-backed buyout is the chance to crystallise a meaningful gain on exit. There are several potential paths to exit from such an investment, most typically: a trade sale to another company operating within the same sector, a flotation (IPO), or a secondary buyout (SBO). The ultimate route will hinge on considerations such as public market appetite for a listing and whether credible purchasers are available. Management often influence the decision, and may favour renewed private equity support via an SBO when the business model and prevailing market backdrop align. A secondary buyout (SBO) is, in essence, a private equity-backed acquisition of a company that has already undergone a private equity-backed buyout. In an SBO, the existing private equity owner exits its stake, though the current management team can remain in post afterwards. Alternatively, fresh management might be appointed, or a blend of old and new...

1 Introduction 1.1 This policy explains how [ insert name of organisation ] (the Company) will handle the statutory entitlement that permits employees to take unpaid time away from work to organise or provide care for a dependant with a long-term care need, and sets out the steps you should follow if you need to request this leave. 1.2 [ This policy applies solely to employees. It does not extend to agency workers, consultants [ , contractors ] [ , volunteers ] [ , interns ] or casual workers. OR This policy applies to all employees, officers, agency workers, consultants [ , contractors ] [ , volunteers ] [ , interns ] and casual workers. ] 1.3 This policy has been [ agreed OR introduced following consultation ] with [ [ enter name of relevant trade union(s) ] OR [ enter name of works council ] OR [ enter name of staff association ] ]. 1.4 In some circumstances, you may have the right to take...

A: General information Register last updated: [ Insert date ] Updated by: [ Insert name ] Entry 1 Software: [ Office 365 ] Provider: [ Microsoft ] Version: [ insert ] Purpose: [ Word processing ], [ Email application ], [ Calendars ], [ Presentations ] Access: [ None. Available to all users ] Notes: [ Annual subscription model ] Entry 2 Software: [ insert ] Provider: [ insert ] Version: [ insert ] Purpose: [ Client relationship management (CRM) ] Access: [ Restricted to partners and senior associates ] Notes: [ A process ensures entries are reviewed on an annual basis ]...

Insert in para 8.2 of claim form ET1 [ The [ enter name of union, eg UVW union ] is an independent trade union formally acknowledged by the Respondent in relation to [ enter details, eg all catering workers ] working within its undertaking at [ insert address ]. OR The Claimant is an employee representative, being a member of the Respondent organisation’s elected representative body for [ enter details of the staff represented by the elected representatives, eg all catering workers ] engaged within its undertaking at [ insert address ]. ]...

Brexit—Commercial For help with your query, please refer to the following: Brexit—contract clauses and resources—checklist [Archived] Clause: Brexit—warranty for commercial contracts clause [Archived] Clause: Territory definition For additional guidance, see: Brexit collection...

The Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 The Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013, SI 2013/3134 (CCR 2013) apply to agreements between a trader and a consumer made on or after 13 June 2014. Under CCR 2013, SI 2013/3134, reg 5, three forms of contract are identified: off-premises contracts — regulation 5 sets out four types of off-premises contract distance contracts on-premises contracts — defined as neither off-premises nor distance, meaning a contract concluded at business premises Contracts are further classified, in reg 5, as: sales contracts service contracts digital content contracts CCR 2013 requires the trader to provide the consumer with specified information and, in certain situations, grants a right to cancel. Where a cancellation right exists, the information supplied must include a cancellation notice in the model form, or details of how the consumer can access that form...