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Model Articles meaning

What does Model Articles mean?
The standard, off‑the‑shelf articles of association used in practice for companies formed under the Companies Act 2006. They are prescribed by legislation (CA 2006, s 19) and set out in the Companies (model Articles) Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/3229). There are three sets: for private companies limited by shares, private companies limited by guarantee, and public companies. For companies incorporated on or after 1 October 2009, the relevant Model Articles apply by default if no bespoke articles are registered, and (under CA 2006, s 20) to the extent any registered articles do not exclude or modify them. They replaced “table a” as the default articles; Table A continues to govern companies incorporated before 1 October 2009 unless and until replaced or amended by special resolution. In practice, companies may adopt the Model Articles wholesale or with tailored amendments (for example on director decision‑making, share transfers, or pre‑emption). The regime is consistent across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland under the CA 2006. In Ireland, the term is not used: the Companies Act 2014 provides default constitutional forms (model constitutions) for Irish company types instead.
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NEWS
UK banking and finance weekly briefing: case law, lending and security, DCM and derivatives, regulatory and securitisation reforms, restructuring, AI and digital assets (Scotland), Basel III—28 November 2024

In this issue: Banking and Finance case round-up Lending Security Debt capital markets Derivatives Regulation for derivatives lawyers Securitisation and structured products Restructuring Technology in banking & finance transactions Regulation for banking lawyers Scotland Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Banking and Finance case round-up Banking & Finance—November 2024 case round-up For a summary of the cases we flagged in Banking & Finance during October 2024, refer to News Analysis: Banking & Finance—November 2024 case round-up. Lending Re KRF Services (UK) Ltd [2024] EWHC 2978 (Ch) The judgment addressed a High Court application for an administration order, heard in that court, and centred on two key points of interest: (i) whether the sole director’s resolution to seek an administration order was effective; and (ii) the effect of the sanctions regime. On the first question, the court examined the company’s unamended Model...

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NEWS
Property disputes update—disrepair, protest injunctions, service charges and right to buy; Renters’ Rights Act rollout; building safety remediation contribution orders; Scottish developments (England, Wales and Scotland), 26 February 2026

In this issue: Repairing obligations and dilapidations Trespass and adverse possession Service charges Residential tenancies Disputes and remedies Rent and rates Easements and covenants Property disputes in Scotland Additional Property Disputes updates LexTalk® Property Disputes: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Repairing obligations and dilapidations Building Safety Act—remediation contribution orders—respondents’ appeal dismissed in Vista Tower (Grey GR Ltd Partnership v Edgewater (Stevenage)) In Grey GR Ltd Partnership v Edgewater (Stevenage) [2025] Lexis Citation 276, the Upper Tribunal (UT) rejected the respondents’ appeal against the First-tier Tribunal’s (FTT) grant of a remediation contribution order under section 124 of the Building Safety Act 2022, made against 75 respondents. Marcus Birch of BCLP reviews the decision. See News Analysis: Building Safety Act—remediation contribution orders—respondents’ appeal dismissed in Vista Tower. High Court held progressive failure of window seals constituted disrepair (Better...

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NEWS
UK and EU financial services: regulatory, sanctions, market structure and enforcement developments (13 March 2024)

Beyond the articles reported in full in the Financial Services news feed on 13 March 2024, subscribers may wish to note these further developments: ECB: The single supervisor ten years on: experience and way forward APPG Banking: Building our SME Manifesto: call to action Insurance Europe: Insurers: EU’s Package Travel Directive review must strike the right balance AFME: Buy and sell side unite on joint AFME/IA proposals for a future UK post-trade transparency model for corporate and sovereign bonds OJ: Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/849 of 12 March 2024 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine OJ: Council Decision (CFSP) 2024/847 of 12 March 2024 amending Decision 2014/145/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Mauritius: New York Convention framework, procedure, and public policy defences, with Privy Council guidance (Betamax) and Supreme Court approach (Cruz City)

The Mauritian legal system Mauritius operates a mixed legal order, blending French civil law heritage with British common law traditions. It exhibits a dual structure: procedures in both criminal and civil proceedings are largely English in origin, while much of the substantive framework derives from the French Napoleonic Code. The jurisdiction therefore embodies both civil law and common law traits, reshaped to suit domestic requirements and yielding a distinctive body of Mauritian law. This duality appears in the separate regimes applicable to domestic and international arbitration. Rules for domestic arbitration are set out in the Civil Procedure Code 1808 (Code de Procédure Civile) (CPC), drawn from a French version, whereas international arbitration falls under the International Arbitration Act 2008 (IAA 2008), modelled on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (the Model Law). For further detail on arbitration in Mauritius, see Practice Notes: Arbitration in Mauritius and International arbitration in Mauritius. Notably, the International Arbitration Act 2008 (the IAA 2008) omits the enactment of articles 35 and 36...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Interim measures in New Zealand arbitration: tribunal and court powers, tests, freezing orders, security for costs, without notice and emergency arbitrator orders

Interim remedies in support of arbitration—the legislative regime Arbitration in New Zealand is regulated by the Arbitration Act 1996 (the Act). The principal body of the Act sets out general provisions and rules applicable. Schedule 1 contains an adapted form of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law (the Model Law), and Schedule 2 sets out special rules that generally apply only to domestic arbitrations. In 2007, New Zealand was the first country in the world to implement amendments to the original Model Law put forward by the UNCITRAL 2000 working group, delivering a more comprehensive code for interim measures in support of arbitration. This New Zealand regime is located, in particular, in articles 9 and 17–17M of Schedule 1 to the Act: article 9 of the Act provides for court-ordered interim measures in support of arbitration; and articles 17–17M of the Act concern the making of interim measures orders by arbitral tribunals Provision for awards and orders...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Company Constitutions under the Companies Act 2006: Articles of Association, Entrenchment, Objects, Memorandum, Resolutions and Amendments

What is a company's constitution? This Practice Note sets out what is meant by a company’s constitution in detail. It focuses on the core element of that constitution: the articles of association. It reviews the statutory definition under the Companies Act 2006, outlines the character of the articles and distils the typical provisions found in a company’s articles. The Practice Note also addresses entrenched terms within the articles and the importance of the memorandum of association...

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PRECEDENTS
Articles of association for private company limited by shares (England and Wales): preferred shares, cumulative dividend, investor consent, multi-investor, leaver, drag-along and tag-along provisions (Companies Act 2006)

Articles of Association for [ insert name of company ] Limited (Incorporated in England and Wales under registration number [ insert number ]) (Adopted by a Special Resolution passed on [ insert date ] 20[ insert year ]) 1 Model Articles 1.1 The Model Articles apply to the Company except to the extent that these Articles alter, disapply or conflict with them; subject to any such amendments, exclusions or inconsistencies, the Model Articles shall, together with these Articles, comprise the Company’s articles of association, replacing any other articles or regulations contained in any statute, statutory instrument or other subordinate legislation. 1.2 The whole of Model Articles 11(2) (quorum for directors’ meetings), 12 (chairing of directors’ meetings), 13 (casting vote), 14(1)-(5) (conflicts of interest), 21 (all shares to be fully paid up), 26(5) (share transfers), 30(5)-(7) (procedure for declaring dividends), 39 (chairing general meetings), 42 (voting: general), 44(2) (poll votes), 50 (no right to inspect accounts and other records), 51 (provision for employees on...

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PRECEDENTS
Articles of association for a 50:50 individual-shareholder joint venture: A/B shares, equal board control/vetoes, transfer restrictions, compulsory transfers and default buy-out (England and Wales)

1 Model Articles 1.1 The Model Articles shall apply to the Company save to the extent that they are amended or disapplied by these Articles, or where they conflict with these Articles, and, subject to any such amendments, disapplications or inconsistencies, shall, together with these Articles, constitute the Company’s articles of association to the exclusion of any other articles or regulations contained in any statute, in any statutory instrument, or in any other subordinate legislation...

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PRECEDENTS
Bespoke Articles of Association aligned with a Shareholders’ Agreement for a Private Company Limited by Shares (England and Wales)

Private Company Limited by Shares Articles of Association for [ insert name of company ] Limited (a company incorporated in England and Wales with registered no. [ insert number ]) (adopted by Special Resolution dated [ insert date ] 20[ insert year ]) 1. Model Articles 1.1 The Model Articles apply to the Company save to the extent that these Articles amend, disapply or conflict with them. Subject to any such alterations, exclusions or inconsistencies, the Model Articles together with these Articles comprise the Company’s articles of association, to the exclusion of any alternative articles or regulations contained in legislation, any statutory instrument or other subordinate legislation. 1.2 The following provisions of the Model Articles shall not apply to the Company: 6(2); 7; 8; 11(2); 11(3); 13; 14(1)–14(5) 16; 17; 22; 26(5) 39; 44(2); 50; 51; 52; 53 1.3 In these Articles, any mention of the term ‘chairman’ within the Model Articles shall be interpreted as a reference...

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