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National curriculum meaning

What does National curriculum mean?
National curriculum describes the state-prescribed content and attainment framework that schools are required to teach. In England, it is a statutory scheme defined in the Education Act 2002 and subordinate instruments. It sets programmes of study and attainment targets for specified key stages and requires maintained schools (including maintained special schools) to follow them and to participate in statutory assessment. Academies and free schools are generally exempt unless their funding agreements adopt the National Curriculum or require equivalent breadth; all schools must still provide a “broad and balanced curriculum” (s78, 2002 Act). In Wales, the former national curriculum has been replaced by the Curriculum for Wales under the Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Act 2021; current obligations for maintained schools and PRUs arise under that Act, though legacy references may persist. In Scotland, there is no statutory “national curriculum”; Curriculum for Excellence operates as a nationally implemented framework issued through guidance and policy rather than primary legislation. In Northern Ireland, the Northern Ireland Curriculum is a statutory curriculum for grant‑aided schools under the Education (Northern Ireland) Order 2006. In Ireland, “national curriculum” is descriptive only; recognised schools deliver Department of Education/NCCA curricula as a condition of recognition and funding.
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View the related Practice Notes about National curriculum

PRACTICE NOTES
Academy and free school curriculum in England: statutory, Independent School Standards and funding agreement requirements; National Curriculum disapplied; RE/collective worship, RSE, British values and online safety.

Note: Although the Academies Act 2010 (AcA 2010) extends to Wales, the provisions enabling the establishment of new academies or free schools are confined to England. Therefore, this Practice Note relates solely to England. One much‑touted benefit of an academy or free school, when compared with a maintained school, is a degree of autonomy in setting the curriculum. That freedom is not absolute, naturally, yet it is greater by comparison. That relativity remains worth remembering here. The curriculum generally AcA 2010, s 1A(1)(b) (as amended) obliges an academy or free school to meet the requirements in section 78 of the Education Act 2002 (EA 2002) (which would otherwise bite only on maintained schools): namely, a balanced and broadly based programme of study that fosters the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life. The Model Funding Agreement for free schools typically adds a non‑statutory obligation...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Legal Framework for Maintained Schools: Curriculum, Collective Worship, RE, RSE, Political Impartiality, National Curriculum and Qualifications (England and Wales)

The Basic Curriculum in England In England, the Basic Curriculum consists of three components: religious education sex education the National Curriculum Collective worship Each school day—though not always at the outset—pupils in maintained schools, including special schools, should take part in collective worship, either as a whole or in groups by age or school, and this is to happen on the school premises. On special occasions, the governing body, following consultation with the headteacher, may arrange for it to be held elsewhere...

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