Natural England meaning

This Checklist This Checklist outlines which provisions in a lease and other relevant associated documentation should be carefully examined to ascertain whether a right of light subsists. A right of light is an easement granting a landowner the entitlement to receive natural light through an opening in a building on its land. The owner of the land encumbered by that right (the 'servient Building') must not impede or disturb it without first obtaining consent. For any proposed development, it is therefore essential to identify neighbouring properties that could be enjoying a right of light (the 'dominant Building'). For further information on rights of light, see the following Practice Notes: Establishing and maintaining rights of light Rights of light—obstruction notices Rights of light claims Rights of light—insurance for developers Section 2 of the Prescription Act 1832 (PA 1832) requires actual enjoyment of light, meaning that those with less than a freehold interest can acquire a right of light in their own...

This checklist outlines the steps a developer should follow when conducting due diligence on rights of light, and the approaches a developer can take to reduce the risk of an injunction being secured. A right of light is an easement that permits a property owner to receive natural light through an opening in a building on their land. The owner of land encumbered by a right of light must not impede it without permission. Accordingly, for any intended development it is vital to establish: whether any nearby building benefits from a right of light—see Practice Note: Establishing and maintaining rights of light the effect of the planned works on those rights of light—see Practice Note: Rights of light claims the remedies available to the holder of the right of light—see Practice Note: Rights of light claims A plan must be devised to manage any such rights, in collaboration with a specialist rights of light surveyor. Do any rights of light exist?...

This Checklist identifies some of the key preliminary issues to be considered before bringing a claim for judicial review in the Administrative Court, with links to further guidance on each of the issues raised. Action / issue: Are there arguable grounds to issue a judicial review claim? Further guidance: Judicial review—what it is and when it can be used—on what grounds may a claim be brought? Grounds of judicial review—illegality; Illegality in general: Atkin’s Court Forms (1) [14] Grounds of judicial review—unreasonableness Grounds of judicial review—procedural impropriety; Procedural fairness: in general: Atkin’s Court Forms (1) [26]; Natural justice and fairness: Atkin’s Court Forms (1) [29]; The right to a fair hearing: Atkin’s Court Forms (1) [38] Grounds of judicial review—breach of legitimate expectation; Legitimate expectations: Atkin’s Court Forms (1) [28] Action / issue: Do you have standing (locus standi) to pursue judicial review? ...

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Contamination and pollution Energy efficiency and buildings Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental information Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Air emissions and climate change Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR)-UK government publishes Business Model documentation On 27 August 2025, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) released a suite of papers on its proposed Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR) Business Model and accompanying policy. The Lexis+ Energy team, working with Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, Senior Lecturer in Climate Law at the University of Edinburgh Law School, set out the context for the GGR Business Model; its relationship with the Power BECCS Business Model; the technologies the GGR framework intends to encompass; its legal footing and principal features; and how...

Bayerische Landesbank and another v Ruschemalliance LLC [2024] EWHC 1822 (Comm) What are the practical implications of this case? In keeping with comparable determinations, this judgment succinctly sets out the jurisdictional thresholds and principal considerations the court applies when evaluating applications for anti‑suit injunctions. It underscores the judiciary’s practical bent and operates as a constructive illustration of inter‑court co‑ordination, projecting a clear signal where numerous contests flow from identical underlying events, even though such matters are dealt with at varying moments and tiers of the court structure. In sum, the outcome reasserts the English courts’ steadfast commitment to upholding arbitration, including in circumstances where the arbitral seat is situated in a foreign state. What was the background? In 2021, the defendant, Ruschemalliance LLC (“RCA”), a Russian entity, entered into two Engineering, Procurement and Construction agreements for the development of liquefied natural gas and gas processing plant facilities in Russia. The obligations owed by RCA’s counterparties, the German companies Linde GmbH and Renaissance Heavy Industries LLC (together,...

Motor Insurers Bureau v Houston [2025] EWHC 3178 (KB) What are the practical implications of this case? Although the outcome may catch seasoned credit hire practitioners off guard, it was driven in large part by the precise language of the debarring order in this case. The order confined any future debarring strictly to the question of rate and made no reference to reliance on impecuniosity for the hire period or for any wider purposes; appellant counsel on appeal suggested this flowed from a legacy version of a standard form. Practitioners familiar with credit hire litigation will know that, more often than not, directions orders bar a claimant from reliance on impecuniosity for all purposes following a failure to provide financial disclosure. Even so, the judgment is a clear reminder that the courts will apply the ordinary and natural meaning to the words of any order, and practitioners should take care to verify the exact wording of a debarring order in every case. That is not, however, to suggest the...

The extended producer responsibility (EPR) regime for packaging and packaging waste The extended producer responsibility (EPR) regime for packaging and packaging waste shifts the entire cost of managing household packaging waste from households to packaging producers, placing on them accountability for their packaging costs throughout its lifecycle. Lower charges apply to sustainable packaging, incentivising designs that use fewer materials and are easier to recycle. Under EPR, Local Authorities (LAs) receive producer-funded payments covering the net costs of collecting, managing, recycling and disposing of this household packaging waste. EPR is governed by the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024, SI 2024/1332 (as amended). These regulations define a range of persons and bodies with specific functions within the regime. These are: producers—these are the principal duty holders compliance schemes the Scheme Administrator (SA) (PackUK) ‘relevant authorities’ which are LAs as household waste collection and disposal authorities responsible for household waste services reprocessors and exporters the ‘appropriate agency’—in England, the Environment...

Allocation of jurisdiction within the UK under the CJJA 1982 This Practice Note explores how jurisdiction is apportioned across the UK under the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (CJJA 1982). It examines the scope of that regime and the conditions that must be satisfied for it to apply, and considers its interaction with Regulation 1215/2012, Brussels I (recast) (the Regulation). It sets out the primary rule together with the departures from it, and, lastly, addresses forum non conveniens in this setting. The CJJA’s intra-UK jurisdiction framework is designed to furnish rules allocating jurisdiction inside the UK itself. Distinct rules and factors arise when assessing whether UK courts possess jurisdiction over a claim that contains an international dimension. The UK comprises four countries, yet there are only three legal jurisdictions, and CJJA 1982, s 50, describes each as ‘parts of the UK’. England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Practitioners in England engaged in cross-border disputes must be cognisant of a range...

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013 (SI 2013/3113), as amended, implement Directive 2012/19/EU (recast WEEE Directive) and replace the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/3289). Rooted in the principle of ‘extended producer responsibility’, they place obligations on producers to manage the environmental impacts of their products, particularly at the ‘end of their life’ when they become waste. Producer compliance schemes Under WEEE 2013, reg 14, any producer placing five tonnes or more of EEE on the UK market in a year must join a Producer Compliance Scheme (PCS). A PCS supports compliance and arranges for collected WEEE to be sent to an Approved Authorised Treatment Facility (AATF) or an Approved Exporter (AE) for treatment in the UK or overseas. For further details on producers’ duties, see Practice Note: WEEE—producer obligations. Applications for approval A PCS must be approved by the Environment Agency (EA) for applicants based in England, and by Natural Resources Wales (NRW) for applicants based in Wales...

1 Definitions and interpretation These Conditions define key terms and set the rules for reading the Contract. Defined expressions include (among others) Acceptance Conditions, Adequate Procedures, Affiliate, Applicable Law, Associated With, BA 2010, Bribery Laws, Business Day, CFA 2017, Conditions, Confidential Information, Contract, Control, ECCTA 2023, Force Majeure, Foreign Tax Evasion Offence, Fraud Offence, Goods, Intellectual Property Rights, IPR Claim, Location, MSA 2015, MSA Offence, Order, Prevention Procedures, Price, Services, Specification, Supplier, Supplier Associated Person, Supplier Personnel, UK Tax Evasion Offence and VAT. References to the Contract include these Conditions, the Order and any schedules, appendices and annexes. Headings are for convenience only and do not affect interpretation. “Party” means the Supplier or the Customer and includes successors and permitted assigns; “person” includes natural and corporate bodies; “company” covers any body corporate. Gender includes all genders; singular includes plural and vice versa. Terms such as “including” and similar are illustrative and not limiting. “Writing” or “written” covers legible, non‑transitory forms. ...

1 Definitions and interpretation In these Conditions, key terms include: Adequate Procedures (as per BA 2010); Affiliate (entities under common Control); Applicable Law (binding laws and guidance across relevant jurisdictions); Associated Person/Associated With (as defined for bribery, tax evasion and fraud by BA 2010, CFA 2017 and ECCTA 2023); Business Day (excluding weekends and bank/public holidays); Conditions (these sale terms); Confidential Information (commercial, technical or other identified confidential material); Contract (the agreement comprising these Conditions and the Order); Control (as specified); Customer and Supplier (the purchasing and supplying parties); Documentation; Force Majeure (events beyond reasonable control); Goods; Intellectual Property Rights and any IPR Claim; Location; MSA 2015; Order; Prevention Procedures; Price; Specification; VAT; and Warranty Period. Interpretation rules: references to the Contract include its schedules and annexes; headings are for convenience; references to a party include successors and permitted assigns; person includes natural and corporate bodies; company covers any body corporate; gender and number include each other; “including” and similar expressions are illustrative only; writing covers legible, non‑transitory...

1 Definitions and interpretation In this Agreement: [ Insert each definition bespoke to the Agreement ] For the purposes of this Agreement: any reference to this Agreement comprises its schedules [ , appendices and annexes ] (if any); the contents page [ , background section ] and any clause, schedule or other headings in this Agreement are included purely for convenience and shall not influence how this Agreement is interpreted; and a reference to a ‘party’ includes that party’s personal representatives, successors and permitted assigns; a reference to a ‘person’ includes a natural person, and any corporate or unincorporated body (in each case whether or not a separate legal personality exists), together with that person’s personal representatives, successors and permitted assigns; a reference to a gender includes any other gender and the gender-neutral; words in the singular shall be read to include the plural, and vice versa; terms that follow 'include', 'includes', 'including', ‘in...