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This Checklist sets out essential steps for arbitrators to consider when deploying artificial intelligence (‘AI’) tools, or where AI is involved in arbitral proceedings. Given the fast‑moving nature of the technology and the applicable laws and regulations, please be aware that this is not a comprehensive list and should be treated as such. The Checklist is intended to provide guidance on best practice. Understanding AI Key points Notes Definition of AI Artificial intelligence refers to computer systems’ capacity to exhibit human‑like cognitive functions, such as decision‑making, planning, reasoning and knowledge representation. IBM characterises AI as technology that allows computers and machines to emulate human learning, understanding, problem‑solving, decision‑making, creativity and autonomy. WIPO portrays AI as a branch of computer science focused on building machines and systems capable of performing tasks thought to require human intelligence. Machine learning and deep learning are two branches within AI. In recent years, with advances in neural network methods and hardware, AI is commonly regarded as...

This Checklist This Checklist provides points to weigh up when preparing and seeking sign-off for a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) involving the Pension Protection Fund (PPF). It draws on PPF Guidance Note 5 issued in 2018 (see PPF Guidance Note 5: CVAs). When an employing company (or all participating employers in a last man standing scheme) files a CVA proposal with the court, a PPF assessment period begins. Under section 137 of the Pensions Act 2004, the PPF assumes the pension trustees’ voting entitlement (see Practice Note: The Pension Protection Fund—eligibility and entry). In practice, the PPF will typically cast a vote for or against the proposal rather than refrain. The PPF is consistently focused on avoiding any precedent that might allow pension schemes to be diluted where potential PPF entry could arise in the near future (the PPF observes that this has occurred in numerous prior CVAs). The PPF also anticipates that pension trustees will appoint their financial advisers to produce a report addressing the areas of concern...

In this issue: Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round-up Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 Lending Acquisition finance Shipping finance Real estate finance Sustainable finance Debt capital markets Derivatives Regulation for banking lawyers Sanctions Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round-up For a summary of this week’s Sustainable finance and ESG developments, see Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round-up—14 November 2024. Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (Commencement No 3) Regulations 2024 (SI 2024/1108): Provisions in ECCTA 2023 on civil recovery of cryptoassets in Scotland took effect on 7 November 2024, and measures introducing the UK-wide offence of failure to prevent fraud will commence on 1 September 2025. See: LNB News 07/11/2024 12. Unique Identifiers (Application of Company Law) Regulations 2024 (SI 2024/Draft): These draft Regulations would widen...

In this issue Sustainable finance and ESG round up LIBOR and benchmarks Lending Security Sustainable finance Derivatives Regulation for derivatives lawyers Regulation for banking lawyers Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Sustainable finance and ESG round up Sustainable finance and ESG monthly round-up—11 August 2025. This Finance Group update features: (1) an International Sustainability Standards Board consultation on proposed changes to the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board Standards and guidance for IFRS S2, (2) the IFRS Foundation’s near-final guidance on reporting uncertainties within financial statements, and (3) new United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative guidance for banks on climate adaptation and resilience. For more, see News Analysis: Sustainable finance and ESG monthly round-up—11 August 2025. LIBOR and benchmarks On 23 July 2025, the UK Supreme Court issued a landmark judgment, overturning the fraud convictions of traders Tom Hayes and Carlo Palombo. Ellen Gallagher, partner at Vardags Ltd,...

A v N (R intervening) [2025] EWFC 371 (B) What was the background? The applicant wife (W) and the respondent husband (H) wed in March 1996 after living together for two years, amounting to a near three-decade marriage when the cohabitation is counted. The intervenor was W’s mother (R). The parties had five children; only the youngest, T, now aged 15, remains under 18, although several of the older children have continued to reside in the family property. The former matrimonial home (FMH) was acquired on 13 February 2012 in H and W’s joint names. It was accepted by both that the purchase would not have been possible without funds from R, and that from the outset the plan was for R to share the FMH with them. The completion statement recorded a £130,000 contribution from R towards the £881,161 price, described as a ‘mother gifted deposit’. The chosen property was specifically selected so that semi-independent accommodation could be constructed for R’s eventual occupation, identified in the judgment as...

CASE HUB ARCHIVED –this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the abandonment of the transaction on 13 June 2016; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline and commentary. Case facts Outline UK merger review of Clariant’s intended purchase of the Kilfrost Group’s European aircraft de-icing fluid and rail de-icing fluid business. The deal presented a horizontal overlap in the supply of aircraft de-/anti-icing fluids. Latest developments On 13 June 2016, the CMA stated the investigation was cancelled after the parties chose to abandon the deal. On 10 June 2016, the parties had announced their decision to withdraw following the CMA’s provisional findings and the expectation that the transaction would have been prohibited. Parties Clariant AG: a Swiss-based speciality chemicals company, headquartered near Basle, operating in 150 countries worldwide. Kilfrost plc: a UK-based firm in Newcastle specialising in heating and cooling products. The target business is Kilfrost’s European aircraft de-icing fluid and rail de-icing fluid operations. Kilfrost’s...

CASE HUB ARCHIVED This archived case hub sets out the position as at the decision of 8 March 2022; it is no longer being maintained. For further information, see the timeline and commentary. Case facts Outline An inquiry under CA98 Chapters I and II by the CMA into alleged infringements of competition law, relating to long‑term exclusivity in the provision of electric vehicle chargepoints located on or close to motorways. Latest developments On 8 March 2022, the CMA confirmed it would accept undertakings from Gridserve. Those undertakings include the following: ceasing enforcement of exclusive rights in agreements with Extra, MOTO or Roadchef after November 2026, which at present cover about two‑thirds of motorway service areas in the UK as a whole. This means Gridserve will cut the exclusivity duration in its current contracts with MOTO by roughly 2 years and with Roadchef by roughly 4 years (the Extra contract is scheduled to end in 2026) not enforcing exclusive rights at...

From 4 November 2024, Part 2 of the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023 took full effect, separating the legislation on scheduled monuments for England and Wales. For more on scheduled monuments in Wales, see Practice Note: Scheduled monuments in Wales. What is a scheduled monument? A scheduled monument is an archaeological site or historic building of ‘national importance’, protected against unauthorised alteration. Scheduling aims to conserve such monuments and keep them as near to their original condition as practicable. Under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (AMAAA 1979), a ‘scheduled monument’ is any monument entered on the schedule compiled and maintained by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. A monument includes any: building, structure or work, whether above or below the ground surface, and any cave or excavation site comprising the remains of any such building, structure or work, or of any cave or excavation, and site comprising, or comprising the remains of, any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or...

Ref: [ description ] (the Property) Vendor: [ name of Seller ] Purchaser: [ name of Buyer ] 1 Extent of the Property 1.1 Who owns the perimeter walls, fences, hedgerows and ditches? If title to any boundary is unclear, please indicate who has looked after it previously, and for how long if known. 1.2 Please provide full particulars of any disagreements about the boundaries or their upkeep known to the Seller (past, current or anticipated, and whether settled or outstanding) as applicable. 1.3 If a river, watercourse or ditch adjoins the Property, does the Property boundary lie on the near bank, the opposite bank, or run precisely through the centre of the channel bed? 2 Access 2.1 Does the Property connect directly to a public highway with no verges whatsoever in between? 2.2 Is there an easement permitting passage over any private road or footpath? If yes, please provide particulars. 2.3 Has the Seller encountered...

Re: [ description ] (the Property) Seller: [ name of Seller ] Buyer: [ name of Buyer ] 1 Extent of the Property 1.1 Boundaries 1.1.1 Kindly supply a plan of the Property identifying the ownership of every boundary. Where the title does not clearly evidence ownership, state who has previously maintained the boundary and set out any contributions made towards its upkeep. 1.1.2 Please confirm there are no inconsistencies in the title deeds concerning the Property’s boundaries and that the physical boundaries exactly match those shown in the deeds. If any discrepancy exists, provide full particulars. 1.1.3 Have any boundaries been moved or re-aligned by the Seller or by any earlier proprietor? 1.1.4 Is there any existing or anticipated liability relating to the maintenance of the boundaries? 1.1.5 If any part of the Property adjoins a river, ditch, or other watercourse, does the boundary sit on the near bank, the far bank, or along the centre of the bed? ...

Part A Statement of facts I have been continuously employed by the college as a lecturer since [ insert date ]. On [ insert date ] I noticed a posted advert for a senior lecturer vacancy. Keen to apply, I approached my head of department, Professor A, to obtain further information about the role. She appeared quite taken aback that I might apply and remarked: ‘But Mary, I thought you’d be looking forward to putting your feet up and moving to the seaside soon’. I replied that I had no plans to retire in the near future and indicated that her comment had caused some offence at the time. She stated that whether I applied was my decision alone and then promptly brought the conversation to an end. Later on, at a staff meeting on [ insert date ], I overheard Professor A say ‘grumpy old bat’ to Professor B while gesturing in my direction with a wave of the hand. ...

Section 28(3) of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (MCA 1973) places a near-complete prohibition on the court’s power to consider any application issued post-remarriage. That restriction is limited by the phrase ‘by reference to the grant or making of that [italics inserted] decree or order’. Yet, once a final order/decree absolute is made or granted in respect of (in this instance) the husband’s petition, there remains no continuing marriage to which the wife’s initial petition can thereafter be advanced or otherwise progressed by her...