Opinions meaning

Consider the nature of the IP right From a lender’s standpoint, use this checklist to pinpoint key points when taking IP as security and the steps to implement it... Identify the IP right and applicable law; patents, trade marks, registered designs and copyright can be mortgaged or charged... Select security: a legal mortgage (assignment plus redemption and exclusive licence‑back) offers stronger control than a fixed charge; for charges, restrict disposals and hold an executed undated assignment in escrow (verify foreign recognition)... Confirm ownership, term, existing security, licences and third‑party interests; demand warranties and title evidence, especially for unregistered rights... Assess validity and maintenance: search prior rights, check renewals and genuine use, monitor infringement, review litigation; obtain professional opinions where needed... Value the right and routes on default (licensing or sale); add complementary assets if required... Cover associated rights and materials: unregistered marks/goodwill (only with the business), unregistered designs, database right, know‑how/confidential information, domain names, and software/source code with escrow... Register...

For further details on the documents outlined below, please refer to Practice Note: Issuing debt securities—key documentation. Appointment of the arranger The issuer (Issuer) designates an arranger (Arranger) to set up the programme. The Arranger may additionally serve as a dealer or manager for later note issues under the programme. Responsibility —Issuer and Arranger. Appointment of the dealers The dealer(s) (Dealers) will enter into a dealer agreement with the Issuer and the Arranger. For a syndicated issue, the Dealers and the Issuer may also sign a subscription agreement. New dealers may be added to the programme after launch via a dealer accession letter. Responsibility —Dealers, Arranger and the Issuer. Appointment of the agents The Issuer will appoint agents to act on its behalf for the programme. These may include a fiscal agent (Fiscal Agent) or a trustee (appointed by the Issuer to represent the interests of the noteholders),...

STOP PRESS: The UK’s prospectus framework presently derives from the EU Prospectus Regulation, preserved in domestic law following Brexit as the UK Prospectus Regulation. The government has been reassessing this regime within a broader programme to modernise UK capital markets and make the UK a more appealing place to list. In this context, the UK Prospectus Regulation will give way to the Public Offers and Admission to Trading Regulations 2024 (the POATRs), and all detailed requirements connected to admission to trading will sit within Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) admission rules. The FCA issued its final rules (PS25/9) on 15 July 2025, with implementation expected on 19 January 2026. These changes form part of efforts to reform the capital markets in the UK and enhance the attractiveness of the UK as a listing venue. For more detail on the principal features of the POATRs framework pertinent to the debt capital markets, see Practice Note: The UK Prospectus Regulation—essentials [Archived] — Reform of the UK prospectus regime. Note that numerous steps...

Antitrust Advocate General suggests Google’s refusal to provide third party access to Android Auto platform may breach Article 102 TFEU Advocate General Laila Medina issued her opinion in Case C- 233/23 Alphabet and Others, a national reference from Italy that seeks guidance and clarification on whether Google’s stance of denying third-party access to Android Auto (a mobile app for Android devices) infringes Article 102 TFEU. For context, Google is the developer of Android OS, an open-source operating system for Android mobile devices. In 2015, Google rolled out Android Auto, an app for mobile devices with an Android operating system that allows motorists to use certain smartphone apps via a car’s integrated display. Independent developers are able to produce iterations of their own apps that work with Android Auto by applying templates supplied by Google. Enel X (part of the Enel Group) delivers electric car charging services. In May 2018, it introduced JuicePass, an app which provides a suite of features for charging electric vehicles. In September 2018, Enel X...

In this issue: Horizon scanning Status and worker categories Benefits Prohibited conduct Unfair dismissal Settlement Employment tribunals Dates for your diary Trackers New Q&As Employment resources on Lexis+® LexTalk®Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Horizon scanning What to watch in Employment law this winter In 2025, the government’s suite of employment reforms has set the pace, yet noteworthy shifts in case law and workplace culture also merit close attention as winter draws in. Some updates will stem from regulators, including the Financial Conduct Authority, which is anticipated to finalise guidance on tackling non-financial misconduct. Practitioners should also be mindful of the broader adoption of artificial intelligence, alongside a rise in employees voicing politically sensitive opinions at work, both of which demand vigilance as 2026 approaches. See Law360: What to watch in employment law this winter. Status and worker categories European Parliament ready to negotiate better...

Fairbanks v Change Grow Live , ET Case Number:2409700/2023 Employment Judge Paul Humble, in a decision released on 18 November 2024, found that the drug and alcohol rehabilitation charity Change Grow Live did not subject the claimant, Mrs Fairbanks, to unfair treatment on the grounds of philosophical belief. The judge concluded that Fairbanks had not, in fact, advanced any philosophical beliefs. 'A claimant cannot simply come to a hearing, set out four views, however sincerely held, and expect them to qualify as philosophical beliefs. Nor does belonging to a political party, on its own, amount to a philosophical belief', the tribunal determined formally...

Ramsay principle—further developments Lexis+® UK Tax thanks Nigel Doran of Macfarlanes LLP for comments on an earlier draft of this Practice Note; nevertheless, the opinions expressed are those of Lexis+® UK Tax. The Note has since been reviewed and updated by Aparna Nathan, KC, Devereux Chambers. It examines themes arising from cases where the courts have deployed the Ramsay principle to adopt a realistic assessment of the facts. For an introductory overview of the Ramsay principle, see Practice Note: Ramsay as a guide to statutory construction. The way in which the courts have approached Ramsay where transactions comprise a sequence of steps intended to operate together to secure a particular tax outcome is addressed in Practice Note: Ramsay and composite transactions. This Practice Note considers further developments that have emerged as the courts have explored how that approach should be applied across varying circumstances...

PI & Clinical negligence horizon scanner—July 2025 [Archived] ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is not maintained. It summarises the principal legal developments relevant to personal injury and clinical negligence practitioners as at July 2025. For developments predating this horizon scanner, see PI and Clinical Negligence horizon scanning and key cases—overview. Key PI and clinical negligence developments The personal injury discount rate—a review In late 2024, the Lord Chancellor, Shabana Mahmood MP, revealed the outcome of her five‑month review of the discount rate, initiated in July 2024. One month after the new +0.5% discount rate took effect, Thea Wilson (barrister at 12 King’s Bench Walk) assesses its impact on cases, the responses from claimant and defendant representatives, and the consequences of the change for legal practitioners. See News Analysis: The personal injury discount rate—a review. MoJ announces reduction in CFO’s interest rates The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) has announced lower interest rates for the Courts Funds Office’s (CFO) special and basic accounts...

Key legislation Environmental impact assessment (EIA) safeguards the environment by obliging the planning decision‑maker, including a local planning authority (LPA), when determining whether to grant planning permission for a project likely to have significant environmental effects, to take those likely significant effects into account in the decision‑making process within town and country planning matters as part of that decision‑making process. In the context of town and country planning, EIA is regulated by: the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 (English EIA Regulations), SI 2017/571 in England; and the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Wales) Regulations 2017 (Welsh EIA Regulations), SI 2017/567 in Wales together, the ‘EIA Regulations’. The EIA Regulations implement into English and Welsh law the changes introduced by Archived Directive 2014/52/EU to Archived Directive 2011/92/EU on assessing the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (as they had effect immediately before IP completion day—11 pm on 31 December 2020), insofar as they...

Dear [ insert expert’s name ] Claimant’s name: [ insert Claimant’s full name including title ] Claimant’s address: [ insert address ] Claimant’s date of birth: [ insert date of birth ] Date of alleged negligent treatment: [ insert date ] I represent the above-named in relation to injuries said to result from alleged clinical negligence occurring on the date noted. Thank you for agreeing to prepare a report addressing breach of duty/causation/condition and prognosis [ delete as appropriate ] in this matter. Please ensure you fully comprehend any clinical guidance relevant to the issues and that you hold the necessary facts to apply such guidance correctly. You should also be familiar with Part 35 of the CPR, the Practice Direction to Part 35, and the duties and requirements for experts giving expert evidence. In that regard, please see the appendix to this letter of instruction. Your task is to assist the court by providing impartial, independent opinions confined to your...

[ ON THE LETTERHEAD OF THE PLACING AGENT ] An application has been submitted for the entire issued and to-be-issued ordinary share capital of the Company to be admitted to trading on AIM. It is anticipated that Admission will take effect and dealings in the Ordinary Shares will begin on AIM on [ insert expected date of admission to AIM ]. [ insert name of Placing Agent ] accepts no liability whatsoever for the accuracy of any statements or opinions contained within the Admission Document (as defined below), for which [ insert name of Placing Agent ] bears no responsibility, nor for any omission of material information from the Admission Document. Recipients of this document should note that, in connection with the Placing (as defined below) and Admission, [ insert name of Placing Agent ] is acting solely for the Company and for no one else, and will not be responsible to any person other than the Company for providing the protections afforded to its clients or for advising...

Introduction and instructions Brief outline of the expert’s background and experience. Instructions Who instructed: lay client or legal advisers. Where instructed by legal advisers, identify the ultimate client. Detailed directions sufficient for the tribunal to grasp the scope. Documents relied upon: list or summarised categories. Circulation limits and reliance permissions. Disclosures of interest, including links to parties or tribunal. Any scope limitations (if applicable). Executive summary Concise overview of principal conclusions. Background to the case Outline the history and context of the matter. Main body of the report Set out the detailed analysis, methodology, and evidence. Conclusion OR Summary Summarise the expert’s opinions and key reasoning. Expert's declaration Insert the required statements and confirmations. Appendices Attach supporting schedules and materials. Exhibits Include referenced exhibits and documents...

Before reaching a decision on a planning application, a local planning authority (LPA) must run a consultation period to gather opinions on the proposed development. This encompasses public consultation. It is open to all members of the public, who may submit representations. To make that process work, the LPA is required to publicise the planning applications it receives. Statutory provisions Section 65 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990) enables a development order to require that notice is given of any application for planning permission and to make provision for publicising such applications, and it bars an LPA from considering an application unless those requirements are met by virtue of that section. The Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015, (TCP(DMP)(E)O 2015), SI 2015/595 is the current development order in England, which sets out the minimum statutory requirements governing the publicity of planning applications. The principal requirements are found in (TCP(DMP)(E)O 2015), SI 2015/595, art 15...