Personal care meaning

The impact bankruptcy and divorce proceedings have on one another How bankruptcy intersects with divorce has been examined in a raft of decisions in both the bankruptcy jurisdiction and the family courts. Regrettably, it is far from rare for a bankruptcy to be underway whilst a divorce is progressing, and running the two together can produce clashes over how assets are apportioned. Such concurrent proceedings often bring the division of property into sharp focus, as priorities compete. The family court, for its part, aims to make a property adjustment order, assessing, among other factors, the future needs of the spouses and any children; by contrast, the bankruptcy court divides the assets with creditors’ interests placed foremost in the decision-making. This possible tension must be weighed with care, and, in practice, the key issue is timing: when the bankruptcy was commenced compared with the date a property adjustment order was made. This checklist and timeline outlines the effect each step in bankruptcy can have on ancillary relief proceedings within a...

In everyday workplace conversations, we focus heavily on process enhancement, technological solutions, productivity and performance; yet that is the automated, production-line lexicon of machines rather than humans. For a well-rounded and contributory culture, we ought also to speak of imagination, consideration and care. This Checklist is intended to support in-house lawyers through the process of setting objectives and carrying out appraisals too...

Estate of [insert name of deceased] Clients: [insert names of executors/administrators] File reference: [insert file ref] The details requested in this questionnaire are needed for the application for a grant of representation. Please complete what you can, and also gather the death certificate together with any documents and passbooks, as asked for within this questionnaire. A Personal details of the deceased Copy death certificate enclosed YES / NO 1 State the courtesy title (Mr, Mrs, etc) and any professional title (eg Dr) 1.1 Provide the deceased’s full name 1.2 Provide any alternative name or names by which they were known 2 Occupation of the deceased 2.1 Was the deceased retired? YES / NO 2.2 National Insurance number 2.3 Unique taxpayer reference; please attach income tax papers 3 A Give the address of the nursing or care home (only if this was the deceased’s last address; otherwise leave blank) 3.1 B Provide the deceased’s usual...

Motor Insurers Bureau v Houston [2025] EWHC 3178 (KB) What are the practical implications of this case? Although the outcome may catch seasoned credit hire practitioners off guard, it was driven in large part by the precise language of the debarring order in this case. The order confined any future debarring strictly to the question of rate and made no reference to reliance on impecuniosity for the hire period or for any wider purposes; appellant counsel on appeal suggested this flowed from a legacy version of a standard form. Practitioners familiar with credit hire litigation will know that, more often than not, directions orders bar a claimant from reliance on impecuniosity for all purposes following a failure to provide financial disclosure. Even so, the judgment is a clear reminder that the courts will apply the ordinary and natural meaning to the words of any order, and practitioners should take care to verify the exact wording of a debarring order in every case. That is not, however, to suggest the...

Sriram (acting by her litigation friend, the Official Solicitor) v Revenue and Customs Commissioners and another [2024] EWHC 853 (Ch), [2024] All ER (D) 86 (Apr) What are the practical implications of this case? Creditors should act with care to ensure that service of a statutory demand (and bankruptcy petition) is properly effected, particularly where a debtor seeks to avoid service and has several addresses. Attempts to serve ought to be clearly and contemporaneously recorded. Creditors are required to take all reasonable measures to bring the document or documents to the debtor’s attention. However, this does not oblige them to attend or write to every address associated with the debtor that they know about. The addresses that must be tried will depend on the circumstances of the individual case. A wide, scattergun strategy to service is not expected. By way of example, if a debtor holds multiple properties and there is no reply to a visit or correspondence at one property, that location may not amount to a ‘known’...

For further insight on forthcoming key developments, see Practice Note: Commercial—horizon scanner. For details of earlier developments relevant to commercial law and practice, consult the following Practice Notes: Commercial tracker Commercial tracker 2025 [Archived] Additional updates and commentary are available via our current awareness alerts and highlights. Click ‘Create Alert’ in your ‘Alerts’ tab and refine your personal settings to subscribe. Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Note—several shifts within the consumer protection landscape have influenced the regulation of advertising and marketing in 2025. These are discussed in the section: ‘Consumer protection’ below. What were the key developments in 2025? Advertising less healthy food and drinks In 2025, the much-anticipated framework governing promotion of less healthy food and drink moved from policy design to practical readiness for enforcement. The Health and Care Act 2022 (HCA 2022) received Royal Assent on 28 April 2022, introducing a 9 pm TV watershed for identifiable less healthy products and a restriction on paid‑for advertising...

Pre-existing legal relationships Psychiatric harm may arise where a claimant and defendant are already linked by a legal relationship. In some settings, the character of that connection places a duty on the defendant to act with reasonable care so as not to cause psychiatric injury. Illustrations include: Occupational stress claims: perhaps the clearest instances of a pre-existing obligation not to inflict ‘pure’ psychiatric damage. See Practice Notes: Occupational stress—introduction and Occupational stress—establishing liability. Health authority cases involving the communication of upsetting information: here, the parties’ established relationship may mean it is foreseeable that negligent misstatements, or even an unduly insensitive delivery of accurate facts, could result in psychiatric injury. Examples include: a claimant developing post-traumatic stress disorder after being wrongly informed that his baby had died (noting that the judge’s analysis in that matter was that recovery was available as a primary victim) a health authority notifying patients that they had been treated by healthcare workers who...

A tattoo is a permanent body mark made by piercing the skin and placing coloured ink beneath the surface. Slim, ink-charged needles pass through the outer epidermis into the deeper dermis, which contains blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves and lymph vessels. This injury sparks inflammation, and the immune system swiftly sends macrophages, a form of white blood cell, to support healing. Tattoos are therefore long-lasting, though, like a scar, they may fade with time. Macrophages engulf dye particles to aid the repair process; some travel to the lymph nodes, while others remain within the dermis. The remaining colour is taken up by fibroblast skin cells and, together with the macrophages, this keeps the tattoo in place. Tattoo machine Modern hand-held tattoo machines, sometimes called ‘tattoo guns’, use electromagnetic coils to drive an armature bar up and down. Attached to this bar is a grouped set of needles that delivers the ink into the skin...

This Practice Note addresses matters concerning the aids and appliances a claimant may need as a consequence of their injuries. The claimant must show that any aids and equipment sought meet a genuine medical or therapeutic requirement and are reasonably necessary. Where the claim is sizeable, opinion from an appropriate medical and/or care expert will be needed. This Practice Note also explores recurring questions, such as whether items are obtainable through the NHS, together with the ongoing costs of upkeep, replacement, and, for some items, insurance. Common types of aids and equipment The helpful aids range from the very simple to the highly sophisticated, including: Basic items, for example a shoe horn or walking stick Advanced solutions, for example a computer system assisting with speech or controlling the home environment, media streaming services, or an integrated telephone/headset for a wheelchair or car...

1 Terms of business 1.1 [ Your agreement is exclusively with [ insert name of company or LLP ], which alone bears legal responsibility for the services undertaken for you and for any action or omission arising during that work. No representative, [ member OR director ], officer, employee, agent, or consultant of [ insert name of company or LLP ] will have any personal legal liability for any loss or claim. OR Your agreement is exclusively with [ insert name of partnership or sole practice ]. No employee, agent, or consultant of [ insert name of partnership or sole practice ] will have any personal legal liability for any loss or claim, save for the [ partners OR sole proprietor ] of [ insert name of partnership or sole practice ]...

Definitions Core expressions include Additional Service, Anti-bribery Laws (including BA 2010), Codes of Practice, Legislation, Occupier, Occupation Agreement, Services, Termination Event, VAT and Working Day. Appointment and Duties The Owner appoints an independent Property Manager to provide the Services with appropriate skill, care and diligence, in line with good estate management and the Codes of Practice, always acting in the Owner’s best interests. Authority and Fees The Property Manager may act for the Owner within approved limits, engage specialists where reasonably necessary, and must obtain consent for material matters. Fees track recoverable service charge provisions; Additional Services are separately agreed and all fees are subject to VAT against a valid invoice. Insurance and Liability The Property Manager maintains professional indemnity and public liability insurances and indemnifies the Owner for losses arising from any breach, negligence, misconduct or default. Termination and Handover The Owner may terminate on a Termination Event. Upon ending, the Property Manager must transfer accounts, documents and information, assign...

Dear [ insert organisation name ] Letter of Claim [ insert claimant’s name ] v [ insert defendant’s name ] We are instructed to represent [ insert claimant’s name ] in respect of treatment performed/care provided at [ insert name of defendant hospital ] by [ insert name(s) of surgeon(s) if known ] on or about [ insert date(s) ]. Please inform us if you do not consider yourself the correct defendant, or if you are aware of any additional potential defendants. This correspondence is issued in accordance with the Pre-Action Protocol for the Resolution of Clinical Disputes. Please acknowledge receipt in writing and state who will be dealing with this matter within 14 days. Failure to provide an acknowledgement may lead to the Claimant issuing proceedings without further notice to you. Furthermore, within four months of receiving this letter, you should supply a Letter of Response confirming whether the claim is admitted or denied, together with copies of any documents on which you intend to...

HSC(CHS)A 2003, Part 3 For personal injury compensation claims where the incident occurred on or after 29 January 2007, Part 3 of the Health and Social Care (Community Health and Standards) Act 2003 (HSC(CHS)A 2003) applies. The HSC(CHS)A 2003 extends to any matter involving foreign nationals and foreign compensators, in circumstances where NHS treatment and/or ambulance services were delivered to the injured person following their return to England, Scotland or Wales. Part 3 of the HSC(CHS)A 2003 permits recovery of the costs of treating an injured person in all situations where that individual has successfully pursued a personal injury claim against a third party. Under HSC(CHS)A 2003, s 150(3), a ‘compensation payment’ is a payment, including one in money’s worth, made on behalf of a person who is, or is alleged to be, liable in respect of the injury. HSC(CHS)A 2003, s 150(3) further provides that relevant NHS charges are not included...

Key legal issues for guarantees Guarantees constitute contracts and must accordingly meet the four essential elements of a contract, namely: offer acceptance consideration the intention to create legal relations As a rule in law, consideration given in the past is ordinarily insufficient. A firm ought not to take a guarantee once it has already agreed to supply services to a client in question. The guarantee must also comply fully with s.4 of the Statute of Frauds 1677. It must thus be recorded in writing and properly signed by the guarantor as required. The Firm should also be alert to potential claims of misrepresentation, duress, and undue influence. It is sound practice to see that the guarantor receives independent legal advice on the implications of giving the guarantee. Is the guarantee a regulated credit agreement? Where undertaken by way of business in the United Kingdom, entering into a regulated credit agreement may potentially amount to a regulated activity under...

In this Q&A we have assumed: the deceased’s assessment was correctly calculated a typical financial profile (not, for instance, no recourse to public funds) no top-up was due or paid no deprivation the income-based assessment was up to date Charging for a resident assessed as full cost and availing themselves of a deferred payment agreement would normally be as follows: income contribution: income minus personal allowance, per charging cycle remainder (after 12-week disregard) deferred against property Confirm the first was paid. For the second, check overcharging against beneficial interest; the lower capital limit is £14,250, not £23,250. Assessable capital = beneficial interest − 10% − £14,250 (Care and Statutory Support Guidance 8.12). Example: £200,000 interest gives £165,750. Systems may overrun, exceeding assessed capital; if so, reassess and cap recovery at that, with any surplus proceeds kept by the estate. Deprivation or unpaid income are not protected by the lower limit. If the...