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Primary assignment meaning

What does Primary assignment mean?
In spectrum regulation, primary assignment describes the first grant by the national regulator of rights to use specified radio frequencies to market participants. In the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), Ofcom conducts a spectrum award—usually an auction or another competitive or administrative process—that culminates in the grant of a wireless telegraphy licence under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006. In Ireland, ComReg assigns rights of use under the Communications Regulation Acts implementing the European Electronic Communications Code. The term is not generally defined in statute or case law; it is a descriptive expression used in telecoms regulation and transactional practice to distinguish the initial award from subsequent transfers, leases or secondary trading. A primary assignment sets the core licence terms and technical conditions (band, bandwidth, power limits), duration, any coverage or rollout obligations, usage constraints or technology/service neutrality, spectrum caps and fees. Its structure and timing are central to competition, interference management and market entry. Usage and legal effect are broadly consistent across the UK and Ireland, although Ofcom often refers to a “spectrum award” while ComReg and EU instruments refer to the “assignment of rights of use”.
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NEWS
UK and EU IP weekly: CoA breach of confidence state of mind, gene therapy patent upheld, QR code obviousness, patent entitlement ruling, CIGI readiness, judiciary on AI—12 December 2024

In this issue: Confidential information Patents Trade marks/passing off General IP Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Confidential information Court of Appeal clarifies law on state of mind necessary for breach of confidence (Kieron Corrigan & Co Ltd v Bashir Timol) The Court of Appeal in Kieran Corrigan & Co Ltd v Timol [2024] EWCA Civ 1233 has delivered one of the earliest breach of confidence rulings following the Supreme Court’s judgment in Lifestyle Equities v Ahmed [2024] UKSC 17. Although it does not engage with Lifestyle Equities in any depth (the appellant abandoned one ground of appeal because of that authority), the decision offers guidance on the extent of primary liability attaching to agents or employees of corporate bodies in breach of confidence claims. It addresses the requisite mental element, identifying what state of mind the claimant must show the defendant possessed in...

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NEWS
Property disputes weekly: key cases and policy updates—Electronic Communications Code, Renters’ Rights Bill, service by post, FTT review powers, business rates on advertising, Building Safety Levy (23 January 2025)

In this issue: Electronic communications Key developments and horizon scanning Residential tenancies Disputes and remedies Lease covenants and obligations Repairing obligations and dilapidations Rent and rates LexTalk®Property Disputes: a Lexis®Nexis community Additional Property Disputes updates Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Latest Q&As Electronic communications Identifying the correct operator for terminating Electronic Communication Code agreements Landowners should take particular care to identify the correct operator when seeking to end agreements concerning electronic communications apparatus under the Electronic Communications Code (the Code). The Upper Tribunal (UT) has ruled, in a decision covering Code wayleaves and licences made before 28 December 2017, that an assignment does not necessarily change who is the relevant operator for a part 5 termination: if the original operator still bears primary responsibility for the agreement’s obligations, it may remain the relevant operator. See News Analysis: Identifying the correct operator for terminating Electronic Communication Code agreements...

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NEWS
UK banking and finance weekly: ECCTA 2023 regs, Hague Judgments Convention, aviation finance non-assignment/subrogation ruling, listing reforms, ISDA Equity Definitions digital version, key dates—18 January 2024

In this issue Sustainable finance and ESG round–up Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 Lending Aviation finance Debt capital markets Derivatives Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Sustainable finance and ESG round–up Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round–up For a summary of this week’s Sustainable finance and ESG developments, see: Sustainable finance and ESG weekly round–up—18 January 2024. Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (Consequential, Supplementary and Incidental Provisions) Regulations 2024 SI 2024/Draft: These proposed Regulations would amend primary and secondary legislation where required as a consequence of, or supplementary or incidental to, the commencement of specified provisions of the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (ECCTA 2023). They will commence when ECCTA 2023, s 1 takes effect. See: LNB News 11/01/2024 16. Lending UK signs the Hague Judgments Convention The Ministry of Justice...

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PRACTICE NOTES
JCT collateral warranties: standard forms, when to use them, and key clauses and risk issues (including 2024 updates)

A collateral warranty is an agreement that is ancillary to, or runs alongside, the underlying or primary contract (ie the construction contract or a consultant’s appointment). Most collateral warranties pick up the duties and obligations set out in the underlying contract, and the warrantor promises to a third party that it has carried out those duties and obligations in accordance with that contract. For further general information on collateral warranties, see Practice Note: What are collateral warranties? The JCT suite of collateral warranties The JCT has issued a number of standard form collateral warranties, with the following being the most commonly used: JCT Contractor Collateral Warranty for a Funder (CWa/F) JCT Contractor Collateral Warranty for a Purchaser or Tenant (CWa/P&T) JCT Sub-Contractor Collateral Warranty for the Employer (SCWa/E) JCT Sub-Contractor Collateral Warranty for a Funder (SCWa/F) JCT Sub-Contractor Collateral Warranty for a Purchaser or Tenant (SCWa/P&T) For a summary of the differences between the 2016 and 2024 versions,...

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PRACTICE NOTES
B2B commercial contracts: formation and enforceability; key operative clauses, liability and indemnities, data protection, termination and boilerplate—drafting and negotiation guide

This Practice Note examines principal terms and conditions within business-to-business commercial contracts. It highlights general drafting considerations and reviews key operative provisions, such as: term primary obligations warranties price and payment confidentiality intellectual property rights data protection liability and limitation of liability indemnities termination consequences of termination For links to fuller commentary on commercial contracts, see: Commercial clauses—overview Definitions—overview Boilerplate clauses—overview Practice Note: The role of boilerplate See also: Commercial contract drafting and review—checklist Commercial contract review and execution (business personnel)—checklist For specific guidance on the supply of services, see Practice Note: Negotiation guide—services agreements. Initial considerations Structure and form The first consideration for any contract is its form, shaped by what the arrangement seeks to achieve and the context in which it will be concluded. Simple contracts may arise orally, in writing or by...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Drafting and negotiating guarantor provisions in commercial leases: scope, indemnities, caps, duration, AGAs, new lease obligations, insolvency, variations and pitfalls (England and Wales)

Negotiation Guide This Negotiation Guide forms part of the Practical lease negotiation collection. See also Practice Note: New starter guide—entering into new commercial leases. It provides guidance on negotiating the terms of a guarantee where a third party proposes to act as guarantor of a tenant’s obligations to a landlord under a lease of commercial premises. A guarantor’s obligations may be set out either in a clause within the lease, in a separate schedule to it, or in an entirely separate document (although the last of these is relatively uncommon). For the purposes of this guide, the relevant provisions in any such clause, schedule or separate document are referred to simply as ‘a/the guarantee’. In the context of commercial leases, the guarantor will typically be: a parent company of the tenant, or a company in the same corporate group as the tenant, or a director of and/or shareholder in the tenant For example guarantee provisions in the Lexis+ ® UK precedent...

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PRECEDENTS
Precedent: pro-publisher publishing agreement: exclusive licence for print, e-book and audio rights; subsidiary rights agency; advances, royalties and reserves; extensive warranties/indemnities; options; termination and reversion

This Agreement is entered into on [ date ]. Parties [ Proprietor’s name ] of [ insert address ] (the Proprietor); and [ Publisher name ], a company registered in England and Wales with registration number [ insert company number ] and with its registered office at [ insert registered office ] (the Publisher)...

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