Primary protection meaning

The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 (EPR 2016), SI 2016/1154 EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154 is the primary framework for environmental permitting and compliance, applying across diverse activities and industries. All offences taking place on or after 1 January 2017 are prosecuted under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154. For information on environmental permitting generally, see: Environmental permits and exemptions—overview. For offences under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, the Environment Agency (EA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) may use a range of sanctions. The Regulations establish offences relating to: waste water quality groundwater radioactive substances Waste operations charges can be brought under EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, or the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (EPA 1990). Offences linked to water discharge activities or groundwater activities are commonly enforced through EPR 2016, SI 2016/1154, reg 38(1)(a), in respect of a breach of regulation 12(1)(b). See Practice Notes: Unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste and Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016—enforcement, offences and civil...

ARCHIVED: This flowchart has been archived and is not maintained. These flowcharts were produced to help identify whether an asset counts as excluded property for UK inheritance tax (IHT) on or after 6 April 2017. From 6 April 2025, a new framework came into force, replacing domicile as the primary test for an individual’s IHT exposure with the concept of long‑term residence. The reforms also adjusted the criteria for when trust property falls within the scope of excluded property... From 6 April 2025, assets held in trust qualify as excluded property only where: they are non‑UK situs assets, and the settlor is not a long‑term resident of the UK at the point a potential IHT charge arises For more information, see Practice Note: New IHT regime from 6 April 2025—FAQs. The flowcharts consider whether an asset is excluded property by reference to the location (situs) of the property and, where relevant, the domicile of the beneficial owner or settlor...

In this issue: Horizon scanning Recruitment Public sector Pay Tax Protected characteristics Equality of terms (equal pay) Whistleblowing Employee duties and restrictions on competition Unfair dismissal Employment Tribunals Dates for your diary Trackers New Q&As Employment resources on Lexis+® LexTalk®Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Horizon scanning Government U-turns on day-one unfair dismissal rights and announces compensation cap ‘will be lifted’ On 27 November 2025, the Department for Business and Trade (DBT) confirmed that, following a round of ‘constructive conversations’ with trade unions and business representatives, the discussions settled on a ‘workable package’: shortening the unfair dismissal qualifying period from two years to six months, while preserving existing day-one protection against discrimination and for automatically unfair reasons for dismissal. To reinforce these safeguards, the government further pledged that any alteration to the unfair dismissal qualifying period will only be possible through primary legislation,...

Vardy v Rooney and another [2022] EWHC 2017 (QB) What are the practical implications of this case? This decision will attract attention as a concrete application of the truth defence, and for Steyn J’s conclusion that the public interest defence failed. It also clarifies the contours of the defences advanced in modern media litigation before the court. It further demonstrates the court’s readiness to make inferential findings of fact where: primary evidence is absent, or has been intentionally lost or destroyed journalists move to set aside witness summonses and disclosure orders by relying on source protection: see section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, and where waivers of source protection under that provision have been given (Mrs Vardy) or given and then withdrawn (Ms Watt) Mrs Vardy did not witness‑summon her ‘close friend and agent’, Ms Watt, who was by any measure a crucial witness; instead, she sought to use Ms Watt’s trial witness statement as hearsay there is a...

In this issue: Data protection ePrivacy Cybersecurity Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Data protection Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 SI 2026/386: These Regulations amend 39 pieces of UK primary legislation, 16 pieces of UK secondary legislation, and five pieces of assimilated direct legislation concerning data protection. They introduce a range of changes arising from sections 117, 118 and 119(1) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025). Made under the DUAA 2025 in relation to assimilated law, they commence partly before DUAA 2025, s 119 is fully in force, and take full effect once DUAA 2025, s 119 (transfer of functions to the Information Commission) is wholly commenced. (Updated from draft on 31 March 2026.) See: LNB News 05/02/2026 22. EDPB publishes case digest on legitimate interest legal basis under EU GDPR The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has issued a one-stop-shop...

As of 31 January 2020, the UK left the EU and the EEA. This Practice Note introduces: the General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR) framework (which applied within UK law up to the end of the Brexit implementation period—11 pm UK time on 31 December 2020—and continues to operate across the EEA; therefore, any references in this Practice Note to EEA or EU states should be read as also covering the UK until that period concluded) the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Retained Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR) framework (which applies under UK law from the end of the Brexit implementation period) Where there is no need to draw a distinction, this Practice Note refers to both as ‘GDPR’ for ease. When looking at the routine processing of personal data, the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) should be consulted together, as both sets of provisions have direct effect. Practitioners will generally...

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and no longer maintained. For insight on what to look out for in 2025, see Practice Note: Corporate Crime horizon scanner—2025 [Archived]. This note outlined the principal legal changes affecting corporate crime practitioners in the UK during 2024. For developments in 2023, see Practice Note: Corporate Crime horizon scanner—2023 [Archived]. Key primary legislation For information on primary legislation and the status of government bills relevant to corporate crime that were introduced in the House of Commons or the House of Lords during 2024, see Practice Note: Corporate Crime bills tracker—2024 [Archived]. Key secondary legislation For upcoming secondary legislation of interest to corporate crime lawyers as at 2 January 2025, consult Practice Note: Corporate Crime horizon scanner—2025 [Archived]. Ongoing consultations/calls for evidence Ongoing consultations of potential interest to UK corporate crime lawyers include: Closing date: 22 January 2025 — The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened a consultation on draft guidance describing its...

Banking regulation—Luxembourg—Q&A guide This Practice Note provides a jurisdiction-specific Q&A on banking regulation in Luxembourg, published in the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (law stated as at 7 February 2023). Authors: Loyens & Loeff—Adrien Pierre; Vanesa Gomez Pena. 1. What are the principal governmental and regulatory policies that govern the banking sector? Luxembourg is a leading financial centre, so nurturing the financial industry is a core policy aim. The Ministry of Finance partners with Luxembourg for Finance (the agency for the development of the financial centre) to promote, expand and diversify the Luxembourg financial centre, while identifying new opportunities. Digitalisation. Anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). Sustainable finance. Financial education. Policies are being adapted as needed to respond to the covid-19 pandemic, to which the sector has shown strong resilience. 2. What are the defining characteristics of a bank to be caught by the banking laws and regulations? Is...

Passwords sit at the heart of our information and cyber security controls. They serve as the primary line of defence. This policy: defines how to choose robust passwords; sets out measures for keeping passwords protected; and specifies how frequently passwords must be changed. This policy applies to all staff. [ Insert name ] owns this policy. Please contact them with any questions or concerns relating to anything contained in this policy. Using strong passwords Your passwords must: contain a minimum of [ 10 ] characters; not rely on personal details (eg family names etc)...

STOP PRESS: This page is being revised to reflect implementation of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025), which modifies the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. For additional direction on DUAA 2025’s compliance impact, consult Practice Note: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025—compliance implications. This data protection quick-reference guide outlines the principal elements of data protection law, including the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). What is the UK GDPR? The UK General Data Protection Regulation (Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679—UK GDPR) forms the primary framework for data protection in the UK. It is read alongside, and augmented by, the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). Who is the data protection regulator in the UK? In the UK, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) oversees and enforces compliance with data protection legislation. What type of information does the UK GDPR regulate? The UK GDPR does not apply to every kind of information or dataset. Its remit is limited to personal...

Date: [ insert date ] 1 Introduction As our [ senior management team OR board ], it is vital that you understand how data protection law impacts our business, why it matters, and what we must do to remain compliant. This briefing highlights the key aspects of the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the steps we take to ensure adherence. If any of the terms used here are unclear, please consult our [ insert name of document, eg detailed board briefing ]. 2 Which data protection laws apply to our business? The primary data protection framework is the UK GDPR, complemented by the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). When we conduct direct marketing, the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (PECR 2003) also apply. Where we operate within the EU, or provide goods or services to individuals in the EU, the EU GDPR is likewise applicable...