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Progress of title meaning

What does Progress of title mean?
Progress of title describes, in conveyancing practice, the chain of title deeds and instruments evidencing ownership and burdens over land, examined to confirm that the seller can give good title. It is not a statutory term; rather, a descriptive expression used by practitioners, especially in Scotland. Scotland: Before registration in the Land Register of Scotland, a person’s title was constituted by the series of sasine writs. A “prescriptive progress” typically covered at least ten years to support prescription and marketable title. For registered titles, the register now constitutes the title, but the historic progress remains relevant for first registration and to interpret servitudes, conditions and burdens. England & Wales and Northern Ireland: The analogous exercise for unregistered land is deducing title by producing an epitome or abstract of title showing the chain of title (from a good root of title) and all subsequent dealings. For registered land, the register is the title; prior deeds are consulted mainly for easements, restrictive covenants and other incumbrances. Ireland: Usage is similar, with a chain of deeds under the Registry of Deeds for unregistered land and reliance on the Land Registry for registered land, supplemented by historic deeds where necessary.
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CHECKLISTS
UK central securities depositories—regulatory timeline 2024–2026: assimilated CSDR, BoE/FCA fees and supervision, MoU, Digital Securities Sandbox changes, and the T+1 settlement transition

This timeline outlines key developments in the UK regulation of central securities depositories, including under Assimilated Regulation (EU) 909/2014 (the UK Central Securities Depositories Regulation), from 2024 onwards. For earlier milestones, see Central Securities Depositories Regulation (CSDR)—timeline (Archived). 2026 26 January 2026 — IA: The Investment Association presents a roadmap for the move to T+1; IA: T+1 Settlement: Navigating the UK, EU and Swiss Transition [PDF]. UK Accelerated Settlement Taskforce Quarterly Review — Q4 2025: FCA welcomes the Accelerated Settlement Taskforce’s 2025 update on T+1 progress. The T+1 Accelerated Settlement Taskforce has issued its Q4 2025 progress review, detailing advances towards adoption of a trade-date-plus-one (T+1) settlement cycle, with 11 October 2027 as the current target. In tandem, the Investment Association (IA) released T+1 Settlement: Navigating the UK, EU and Swiss Transition, which sets out a proposed roadmap for shifting the UK and EU securities markets from trade-date-plus-two (T+2) to T+1. See: Progress report and roadmap published for transition to T+1 settlement cycle...

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CHECKLISTS
UK SM&CR developments: 2025 onwards—policy, guidance and key dates from the FCA, PRA and HMT

SM&CR—timeline This Practice Note charts policy and guidance progress and change on the SM&CR, along with key milestone dates, from 1 January 2025 onwards. For more detailed information and LexisPSL material on the SM&CR, see SM&CR and approved persons regime—overview. For a concise primer on the SM&CR, with additional notes on forthcoming developments, see Practice Note: SM&CR—one minute guide. For all activity before 1 January 2025, see: SM&CR—policy development and key dates—to 31 December 2024 [Archived]. For culture, diversity and inclusion (D&I), and non-financial misconduct related updates, see: Culture and social governance in financial services—timeline. Date Source Documents Description 23 January 2026 FCA FCA invites views on additional rules for cryptoasset firms CP26/4: Application of FCA Handbook for regulated cryptoasset activities – part 2 CP26/4: Application of FCA Handbook for regulated cryptoasset activities II [PDF] As a continuation of consultations on cryptoasset regulation, the FCA is seeking input on how it will categorise cryptoasset firms for the SM&CR. Consistent with its commitment in CP25/25 (paragraphs...

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CHECKLISTS
UK non-broadcast/print advertising legal clearance checklist: CAP Code, DMCCA 2024 and CMA guidance (pricing, claims, endorsements, children, sector rules, AI, reviews)

This Checklist highlights the principal points to review when signing off advertising copy. It is designed to assist advertisers and their legal advisers in ensuring print ads adhere to statutory and self-regulatory requirements, including the UK Code of Non-broadcast Advertising and Direct & Promotional Marketing (CAP Code), Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) help notes, and the unfair commercial practices provisions of the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCCA 2024). For broader guidance on advertising controls, see Practice Note: Advertising law and regulation. A third column is available to capture remarks or observations as you progress through the Checklist... Checklist Further information Notes (if any) Introductory considerations Have you reviewed the CAP Code and CAP’s Formal Guidance, along with relevant guidance from trading standards bodies and the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)? Non-broadcast advertising is governed by legislation as well as the CAP Code. For more detail, see Practice Note: Advertising law and regulation... Have you taken account of relevant consumer legislation? When...

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FLOWCHARTS
Defects under JCT Standard Building and Design and Build Contracts 2024/2016: Pre-Practical Completion, Rectification and Post-Rectification Flowchart

This flowchart takes you through the stages of a CIETAC arbitration under the CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2024 Although each arbitration differs and the tribunal will tailor proceedings to specifics of the case, it remains vital to appreciate how an arbitration will 'usually' progress, together with the timescales likely to apply...

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FLOWCHARTS
Flowchart: Lodging and Progress of Bills of Advocation in Scottish Summary Criminal Proceedings

STOP PRESS: This document is currently being updated to take account of the full implementation of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025), which amends both the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. For further guidance on the compliance consequences of DUAA 2025, see Practice Note: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025—compliance implications. The UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) grants data subjects several rights, including, among others: access to their personal data rectification erasure restriction of processing data portability a right of data subjects Individuals may ask an organisation at any time of their choosing to exercise one or more of these rights, and strict time limits and deadlines apply to responding to such requests promptly. See Practice Note: How to handle data subject requests. This Flowchart sets out a process for dealing with data subject requests made under the UK GDPR and reflects the requirements in the UK GDPR together...

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FLOWCHARTS
Procurement Act 2023: Flowchart on Covered Procurement Scope and Transitional Arrangements

Checklist This checklist outlines the principal matters to consider when preparing or assessing an outsourcing agreement. It addresses central legal, regulatory and practical questions that arise in outsourcing arrangements, while excluding sectors that carry bespoke regulatory regimes, such as health or financial services. For overarching guidance on outsourcing, consult Practice Note: Outsourcing—key terms. For discussion of negotiation points you are likely to encounter, see Practice Notes: Negotiation guide—services agreements and Negotiation guide—IT contracts. As you progress through the checklist, the third column can be used to capture observations or comments as each point is considered... Further information Notes (if any) Initial considerations What is the customer’s main reason for outsourcing? Knowing the driver—e.g. cutting costs, enhancing service quality, or obtaining a function the customer lacks the capability to deliver internally—will help. Also think about the breadth of the outsourcing, whether a service improvement mechanism is desired, and if value for money will be tested by benchmarking (see below)... Confirm whether any existing...

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NEWS
UK and EU energy law and policy weekly highlights: renewables, hydrogen/CCUS, disputes, emissions and key dates—4 December 2025

In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Renewable energy Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Hydrogen, CCUS and emerging technologies Energy disputes Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Energy resources on Lexis+® Daily and weekly news alerts Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing DESNZ confirms enduring governance for Smart Secure Electricity Systems DESNZ has issued its response to the 2025 consultation on enduring governance for the Smart Secure Electricity Systems (SSES) Programme, confirming that Elexon, through the Balancing and Settlement Code (BSC), will establish new Technical and Security Governance Groups to guide the technical and security frameworks that enable consumer-led flexibility. Using powers in section 245 of the Energy Act 2023, the government will amend the BSC so Elexon can run these groups as BSC Panel sub-committees and...

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NEWS
UK employment law update: tribunal limits, SSP/SMP rises, neonatal leave, ERB progress, Skilled Worker immigration changes, DEI pay gap consultation, key cases and April 2025 changes (20 March 2025)

In this issue: Horizon scanning Worker status and categories Immigration Pay Remuneration Taxation Diversity and the gender pay gap Maternity, parents and carers Whistleblowing Data protection and staff information Confidentiality, obligations and restrictions: enforcement Financial services and banking: employment matters Bribery, modern slavery, tax evasion and fraud Issues arising on termination Employment Tribunals Civil courts and alternative dispute resolution Dates for your diary Trackers Employment resources on Lexis+® LexTalk® Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Horizon scanning Updated Employment Rights Bill to be considered by the House of Lords The updated Employment Rights Bill (ERB), transmitted from the House of Commons to the House of Lords, was issued on 14 March 2025. Its second reading in the House of Lords is scheduled for 27 March 2025...

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NEWS
UK corporate crime update: court backlogs, POCA disclosure orders, sanctions/OFSI changes, DUAA 2025, FCA Woodford, HSE reviews, AML developments and prosecutions—2 October 2025

In this issue: Criminal procedure and evidence Proceeds of crime Appeal and judicial review Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Cybercrime and data protection offences Environmental offences Financial services and pensions offences Food safety and hygiene offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Local authority prosecutions Money laundering International LexTalk®Corporate Crime: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Criminal procedure and evidence Court delays soar as backlogs break records Between April and June 2025, the criminal courts in England and Wales amassed an unprecedented caseload of almost 440,000, with incoming matters exceeding disposals and a system hampered by long-standing funding shortfalls. In response, the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), together with The Rt Hon David Lammy MP, confirmed extra resources to accelerate outcomes for...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Listing Rules reform 2024: commercial companies, shell and international secondary listings; categories, eligibility, significant and related-party transactions, sponsor regime and transitional mapping

This fundamentals note reviews the wide-ranging overhaul of the UK listing regime that came into force on 29 July 2024. It also outlines the core provisions affecting companies seeking, or already holding, a listing as described in the UK Listing Rules sourcebook, including: Equity shares (commercial companies) International commercial companies secondary listing Shell companies Transition category What is the background to the UK listing regime reforms? Post-Brexit, with scope to depart from EU capital markets rules, the government announced an independent review of the UK listing regime in November 2020. Led by Lord Hill, a former EU financial services commissioner, the review aimed to make the UK more attractive for IPOs and improve capital raising on UK markets. The UK Listing Review Report, released in March 2021, set out a series of recommendations for both the government and the FCA. It noted a decline in London IPO activity in recent years—between 2015 and 2020 London accounted for just 5% of...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK inheritance tax: APR and BPR changes from 6 April 2026—practitioner training, trust clauses, spousal transferability, anti‑fragmentation, case study, administration checklist and pitfalls

Follow the link below to download the presentation. Contents Updates to APR/BPR Transfer between spouses Reasons asset targeting falls short APR/BPR trust clause Funding the trust Case study Case study solution Anti‑fragmentation Administration checklist Client communications Pitfalls and risks Summary These PowerPoint slides are designed as a foundation for a training session on Agricultural and Business Property Relief for the relevant fee earners. The presenter can tailor them—by trimming or expanding the points—to match the audience. How to use these slides Allow around two minutes per slide, and use the case study for a 20‑minute breakout. If more depth is required, the content can be delivered over two or three separate training sessions. Further reading Autumn Budget 2024—Private Client analysis Hot topic—the reform of business property relief and agricultural property relief Change in the approach to IHT planning for farmers Tax—Finance Act 2026...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Finance Act 2021: Archived parliamentary timeline and measure-by-measure tracker with commencement dates, amendments, developments and analysis

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and no longer updated. It summarises the Finance Act 2021 (FA 2021), which obtained Royal Assent on 10 June 2021. Kept for historical reference, it traces the legislation’s route through Parliament and outlines each provision in the Act, with relevant links The tracker is split into two parts: Progress of FA 2021 FA 2021—measure by measure For an overview of the draft Finance Bill 2020–21 published on 21 July 2020, see News Analysis: Draft Finance Bill 2020–21—Tax analysis. For an overview of the further provisions released on 12 November 2020, see News Analysis: Further provisions for draft Finance Bill 2021—Tax analysis. For details of measures announced on Budget day, 3 March 2021, see News Analysis: Spring Budget 2021—Tax analysis. For comprehensive monitoring of the consultations mentioned, see: Tax—consultation and legislation tracker Progress of FA 2021 This section of the Practice Note records the progress of FA 2021 through Parliament. 21 July...

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PRECEDENTS
Scott Schedule for Construction Variation Claims: Template and Examples, with JCT Guidance on Valuation, Loss and Expense, Separation from extension of time and prolongation, and Avoiding Double Recovery

Variations can also push back the completion date, and may give the Claimant a right to extra time and to prolongation costs. These elements of a variation claim are commonly pursued separately, as an extension of time claim and a prolongation costs claim. By way of illustration, the principal JCT forms provide distinct procedures: one for pricing the changed work, and another for evaluating loss and expense arising from the variation’s effect on the progress of the works (see Practice Note: JCT contracts—variations — Valuing variations under JCT contracts). Accordingly, Claimants should take care not to ‘double dip’ across the separate elements of the claims. No. Description of Variation Claimant’s case Defendant’s response Judge/Tribunal comments The Claimant intended to adopt slab foundations for block A, as depicted on the Claimant’s drawing reference XX dated XX. By email dated XX, the Defendant directed the use of piled foundations for block A...

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PRECEDENTS
Law firm fee income forecasting template: gut feel, trend analysis, capacity, WIP, bottom-up and client demand

A: Gut feel Comments or observations Instinctive income forecast B: Trends Data Year Fee income £ % uplift on prior year Indicators that the % change is not part of the wider trend [ 2025 ] [ 2024 ] [ 2023 ] [ 2022 ] [ 2021 ] Conclusions Comments or observations Trend analysis fee income prediction C: Capacity No. of fee earners Expected chargeable hours per fee earner Average hourly rate Expected gross income % of recorded time billed in previous years Capacity income prediction D: WIP (work in progress) levels Data Value of WIP at year end [ 2024 ] Value of WIP at year end [ 2025 ] Number of open files at year end [ 2024 ] Number of open files at year...

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PRECEDENTS
Law firm L&D team member appraisal and personal development plan (PDP) template: objectives, core skills, performance ratings and development actions

Performance appraisal and personal development plan—L&D team member Name [ Insert appraisee’s name ] Current manager [ Insert appraiser’s name ] Role/title [ Insert appraisee’s job title ] Current PDP year [ Insert year ] Department [ Insert appraisee’s department ] Date of appraisal [ Insert date ] Appraisal conducted in person? ☐ Yes ☐ No Aim of the meeting To explore your personal ambitions To share feedback on your performance level To map out your future with us, ensuring we support your career development To define and agree objectives that align with the firm’s strategic aims What the meeting will cover Part 1: Progress against personal objectives Part 2: Performance against core skills Part 3: Overall performance evaluation Part 4: Future aspirations Part 5: Future personal objectives Part 6: Personal development plan Preparation for appraisal meeting ...

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Q&As
Case law on JCT SBC 2011 clause 2.27.1 compliance

Clause 2.27.1 of the JCT Standard Building Contract 2011 (SBC) Clause 2.27.1 provides that where it becomes reasonably clear that progress of the Works, or any Section, is delayed or likely to be delayed, the Contractor must at once notify the Architect/Contract Administrator, explaining the material circumstances, including the reasons for the delay, and in that notice point out any occurrence he regards as a Relevant Event... Lexis+® UK practical point: the same wording appears in the Standard Building Contract 2016 (cl 2.27.1) and in the JCT Design and Build Contract 2011/2016 (cl 2.24.1), save that in the design and build forms the addressee ‘Architect/Contract Administrator’ is replaced by the ‘Employer’... Two principal questions arise when deciding whether a notification clause such as SBC clause 2.27.1 has been properly observed: what does the obligation to give notice ‘forthwith’ encompass, and is the contractor obliged to meet this condition? what level of notification/particulars of the ‘material circumstances’ must be provided? ...

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Q&As
Adultery petition with co‑respondent: no acknowledgement of service—can divorce proceed and consequences of no answer

To persuade the court to grant a decree nisi, proof that the application for a matrimonial order has been duly served is required. Ordinarily, this can be shown by producing the acknowledgement of service filed in the divorce proceedings. If the respondent does not return an acknowledgement of service or lodge any documentation, the petitioner must establish service. The petitioner may choose to arrange personal service of the petition on the respondent and any co-respondent. Where, after personal service, no acknowledgement of service is filed by the respondent, the person who effected service must file a certificate of service stating the precise date and time of that personal service. That certificate should be completed in Form FP6. If an application has been served on a respondent, no acknowledgement of service has been returned to the court office, and the court is satisfied that the said respondent has received the application, the court may direct that the application is deemed served (Family Procedure Rules 2010 (FPR 2010), SI 2010/2955, 6.16(1))...

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