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Publication meaning

What does Publication mean?
Publication in defamation (libel and slander) is the communication of a defamatory statement to at least one person other than the claimant or pursuer. It can occur by speech, print or any digital means, including email and social media. Under the repetition rule, anyone who repeats or disseminates the statement publishes it and is treated as a primary publisher; saying it was merely quoted from another is not a defence. The core test is consistent across the UK and Ireland, but republication rules differ. In England and Wales, publication is a common-law concept, and the Defamation Act 2013 introduced a single publication rule for limitation where the same publisher reissues substantially the same content. In Scotland, the Defamation and Malicious Publication (Scotland) Act 2021 defines publication and adopts a similar single publication rule. In Northern Ireland and Ireland, the common-law multiple publication rule continues (the Irish Defamation Act 2009 uses similar language on publication), so each republication can found a fresh cause of action and limitation period. Publication is a gateway element: pleadings should identify each publisher, date and extent of publication and jurisdiction. Liability may depend on whether the defendant is a primary or secondary publisher.
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CHECKLISTS
Archived: UK FCA 2023 consultation papers tracker with deadlines and resulting Policy Statements, Handbook Notices, rules and guidance

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is no longer maintained This tracker outlines the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) consultation papers issued in 2023, together with any subsequent rules and guidance. For FCA consultation papers from other years, see: FCA consultation paper trackers. For Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) papers from 2017 and Financial Services Authority (FSA) papers from 2008 to 2013, see: PRA consultation paper tracker [Archived] FSA consultation paper tracker [Archived] Regulation of capital markets CP23/33: Payments to data providers and forms for Data Reporting Services Providers, including Policy Statement for the framework for UK consolidated tape (CP23/15) The FCA has released consultation paper CP23/33. Responses are invited by 9 February 2024. Publication date: 20 December 2023. End of consultation: 9 February 2024. Policy Statement/Handbook Notice: Handbook Notice 117 (5 April 2024). CP23/32: Improving transparency for bond and derivatives markets The FCA has published consultation paper CP23/32, Improving...

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CHECKLISTS
UK Financial Services Authority consultation papers 2008–2013: archived tracker with links to FSA webpages and PDFs

This tracker outlines the consultation papers issued by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) from 2008–2013, listed in reverse date order, and includes links to the relevant FSA webpage and/or PDF versions of the papers. For details of Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) consultation papers, together with subsequent rules and guidance, see: • FCA consultation paper tracker-2021 [Archived] 2013 Publication date Consultation Paper (including FSA webpage if available) Description March 2013 - FSA webpage: CP13/9: Implementation of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive Part 2; CP13/9: Follow-up consultation on draft rules and guidance for implementing the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD). March 2013 - FSA webpage: CP13/8: Publishing information about warning notices; CP13/8: Proposals on how the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) would publish details about the subject-matter of a warning notice where it considers publication appropriate. March 2013 - FSA webpage: CP13/7: Consumer credit regulation-our proposed regime; CP13/7: Invites views on the proposed framework and rules for the new consumer...

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CHECKLISTS
Provider Selection Regime—Notice of Urgent Modification: Required Information Checklist for Transparency Publication

Checklist This Checklist outlines the details to be included in a Notice of Urgent Modification for submission to UK central digital platform, ensuring compliance with the transparency obligations imposed by the Health Care Services (Provider Selection Regime) Regulations 2023 (PSR Regs 2023), SI 2023/1348, as specified in regulation 14(5)(c), Schedule 14...

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FLOWCHARTS
EU trade mark (EUTM) registration: EUIPO process flowchart—application, publication, opposition, registration, cancellation and expiry

A straightforward visual chart clearly depicts Scotland's civil court system in a simple form...

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FLOWCHARTS
Publication and laying of annual reports and accounts: process flowchart

View or print a full-size PDF version: See or produce a full-scale PDF copy...

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NEWS
UK Dispute Resolution Weekly: conspiracy, fraud and PII rulings; ADR and mediation timing; PACCAR reversal plans; HMCTS/CaTH updates; Scottish developments; privilege and AI; 2026 consultations and procedural changes

In this issue: Key DR developments Claims and remedies Costs and funding Litigation Case management Evidence and disclosure ADR Scottish Dispute Resolution New content Dates for your diary Useful information Daily and weekly news alerts Dispute Resolution Highlights 2025/2026 Key DR developments Alternative dispute resolution European Parliament adopts new rules to modernise out-of-court dispute resolution for consumers The European Parliament has approved refreshed measures to enhance consumer out-of-court complaint handling, updating the EU’s ADR framework for the digital landscape and cross-border disputes. The reforms delineate ADR’s reach to cover matters arising both before and after contractual agreements, and in specified circumstances enable involvement by traders from third countries. The directive will come into force 20 days following publication and will begin to apply 32 months thereafter. For more, see: Parliament adopts new rules to modernise out-of-court dispute resolution for consumers—LNB News 16/12/2025 Court information HMCTS update hearing...

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NEWS
Corporate update: FRC guidance on UK Stewardship Code 2026, ESRS ‘quick fix’ deferral, director duties ruling, ECCTA identity verification, plus key dates, trackers and practice note updates—13 November 2025

In this issue: Corporate governance Environmental, social and governance issues Directors Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Corporate governance FRC publishes report to support transition to UK Stewardship Code 2026 The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has issued ‘Preparing for the UK Stewardship Code 2026: Applying insights from current reporting’ to support signatories as they move to the refreshed Code, which comes into force on 1 January 2026. The publication offers pragmatic guidance and examples of high-quality disclosures to help asset owners, asset managers and service providers align with the Code’s simplified reporting framework. Under the 2026 Code, a dual reporting approach applies: a Policy and Context Disclosure must be lodged every four years, complemented by an annual Activities and Outcomes Report showing how the Principles are put into practice. The FRC’s paper also explores areas including engagement disclosures, the selection and oversight of external managers,...

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NEWS
Corporate Crime Weekly: sanctions challenges, sentencing changes, FCA/SFO priorities, AML reforms, and legislative, enforcement and procedural updates—21 March 2024

In this issue: Investigating criminal conduct Criminal procedure and evidence Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Consumer protection and cartels Environmental offences Financial services and pensions offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Local authority prosecutions Money laundering International Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Investigating criminal conduct Refusal to repurpose evidence in civil proceedings for criminal charging decision (WFZ v British Broadcasting Corp) The High Court has recently clarified the circumstances in which a party will be permitted to rely on witness statements outside the proceedings in which they were first served. In ongoing injunction proceedings aimed at stopping publication of a BBC investigative report into sexual abuse allegations, the court determined that the accused could not use sensitive excerpts from that report in representations to the...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK DTR 2: issuer obligations on disclosure, delay, control and selective disclosure of inside information—FCA/ESMA guidance, case law, COVID‑19 context and enforcement (post‑Brexit UK MAR)

Resource Note This Resource Note signposts key commentary, analysis and materials to aid interpretation and offer practical direction on using Chapter 2 of the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTR 2). Where relevant, it draws on: the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Handbook FCA Knowledge Base—Procedural and Technical notes (formal guidance binding on the FCA) FCA consultation and discussion papers, policy and feedback statements, and warnings Primary Market Bulletins and other FCA publications legacy UKLA technical and procedural notes and the UKLA’s newsletter List!, where still pertinent assimilated EU legislation EU Directives and EU Regulations, where helpful to construing a provision Lexis+® UK analysis and resources Setting the scene What it covers: DTR 2 prescribes the framework for issuers to disclose and manage inside information, supporting timely and even-handed release of market-sensitive information. It also identifies specific situations permitting a delay to public disclosure of inside information, together with the safeguards required to keep such information...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK FCA DTR 1–1C: application, post‑Brexit and 2024 listing reforms, MAR interplay, audit committees, misleading disclosures and related party rules

This Resource Note spotlights commentary, analysis and materials to aid interpretation and give practical guidance on applying Chapters 1, 1A, 1B and 1C of the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules: DTR 1, DTR 1A, DTR 1B and DTR 1C respectively. Materials referenced here include, where pertinent: the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Handbook FCA Knowledge Base guidance—Procedural notes and Technical notes (constituting formal guidance and binding on the FCA) FCA consultation papers, discussion papers, policy statements, feedback statements and warnings Primary Market Bulletins and other FCA publications former UKLA technical and procedural notes and the UKLA newsletter List!, where still relevant to interpreting or applying a provision assimilated EU legislation EU Directives and EU Regulations, where relevant to interpreting a provision Lexis+ UK analysis and resources Setting the scene What it covers: DTR 1 sets out the Disclosure guidance, explaining its scope and purpose; DTR 1A sets out the transparency rules with their scope and purpose;...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Traffic Regulation Orders under the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: authorities, procedure, notices, consents and challenges (England and Wales)

This Practice Note identifies the traffic authorities empowered to manage highway traffic across the highway network under the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (RTRA 1984), and outlines a traffic authority’s obligations in relation to road traffic. It sets out how that duty is discharged by making Traffic Regulation Orders (TROs) pursuant to the RTRA 1984, and the situations where approval from the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers is required, where necessary and appropriate, before an Order is made. What is a Traffic Regulation Order? A TRO is a formal order or byelaw issued by a traffic authority specifying the type and scope of traffic restrictions within a particular locality...

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PRECEDENTS
Precedent special resolutions: disapply pre-emption rights and authorise allotment (including follow-on offers) for UK listed or AIM companies (Companies Act 2006; Pre-Emption Group Statement of Principles)

SPECIAL RESOLUTION[S] 1 THAT, if [ insert reference to the resolution granting authority to allot ] is approved, the Board shall be empowered to issue equity securities (as defined in the Companies Act 2006) for cash under the authority conferred by that resolution and/or to dispose of ordinary shares held by the Company in treasury for cash, as though section 561 of the Companies Act 2006 did not apply to any such issue or sale, such power to be restricted as follows: [ insert wording to limit the authority to disapply pre-emption rights to allotments for rights issues and other pre-emptive issues ]; to the issue of equity securities or the disposal of treasury shares (other than pursuant to paragraph (A) above) up to an aggregate nominal amount of £[ insert amount, to be not more than 10 per cent of the issued ordinary share capital (excluding treasury shares) of the Company as at the latest practicable date prior to publication of the notice of...

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PRECEDENTS
UK Takeover Code precedent announcement: offer unconditional, acceptances, procedure, settlement, cancellation of listing, compulsory acquisition and disclosure obligations

Not for publication, release or dissemination (whether in whole or in part, directly or indirectly) in, into or from any jurisdiction where doing so would contravene the applicable laws or regulations of such jurisdiction. [ insert date ] For immediate release [Recommended] [cash] offer (the Offer ) by [ Insert name of offeror ] for [ Insert name of offeree ] PLC Offer unconditional[ in all respects] On [ insert date of Rule 2.7 announcement ], the board[ s ] of [ insert full name of Offeror ] [ and [ insert full name of Offeree ] ] stated, in accordance with Rule 2.7 of the Code, that [ [ Offeror ] had made OR they had reached agreement on the terms of ] a [ n ] [ recommended ] [ cash ] offer [ to be made by [ Offeror ] ] to purchase [ the entire issued and to be issued ] ordinary share capital of [ Offeree ]...

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PRECEDENTS
Defamation Law Training Pack—Customisable PowerPoint Slides on Claim Elements, Libel vs Slander, Serious Harm, Publication, Defences and Remedies (England and Wales)

This set of training resources comprises PowerPoint templates, suitable as the foundation for single or multiple seminars delivering guidance on the law of defamation. They align with the Defamation Act 2013, and topics addressed include: the difference between libel and slander the elements of a defamation claim damage to reputation and serious harm the issues of publication available defences and remedies Trainers are expected to treat these slides as a practical springboard for their presentations, adapting and editing them as necessary so that they suit, and reflect, their specific circumstances. The training materials can be customised. Follow the link below...

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Q&As
Are s106 TCPA contributions caught by State aid rules or exempt?

State Aid: The Basics Guide The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills’ July 2015 guide, State Aid: The Basics Guide, explains that state aid arises wherever public resources are used to give organisations an edge over others, potentially distorting competition and harming consumers and businesses across the EU. The concept is deliberately wide, as an “advantage” can be delivered in many ways, for example: grants loans tax breaks the use or sale of a state asset free of charge or for less than market value Public authorities, including local authorities in England and Wales, are accountable for ensuring their policies and projects comply with these requirements. During the implementation period following Brexit, state aid rules continue to apply in the UK. The annex to the Department for Education’s November 2019 publication, Securing Developer Contributions for Education, notes that unlawful state aid can occur in relation to developer contributions towards education...

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Q&As
s.21 AST validity: deposit PI breach-continuation AST (Feb 2014)

Case study A one-year fixed term assured shorthold tenancy (AST) was initially granted, ending in February 2015. With the fixed term concluded, a statutory periodic tenancy has commenced. The landlord fears they might have failed to comply with duty to supply prescribed information; can they issue a section 21 notice to bring the statutory periodic tenancy to a close? Since the term expired, the tenancy continues on a statutory periodic footing. How to rent checklist The obligation to provide the publication ‘How to rent: the checklist for renting in England’, issued by the Department for Housing, Communities and Local Government, arose under Deregulation Act 2015 (DA 2015). However, amendments introduced by that Act do not extend to fixed term ASTs granted before 1 October 2015, even where agreements roll into a statutory periodic tenancy after 1 October 2015. This remains the stated position throughout...

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