Remedy meaning

STOP PRESS: The Financial Remedies Guide 2026 Published on 13 March 2026 by Mr Justice Peel and His Honour Judge Hess, and approved by the President of the Family Division, the Guide replaces and supersedes: efficiency statement for High Court judge cases (1 February 2016) efficiency statement below High Court judge level (11 January 2022) Financial Remedies Court Primary Principles (11 January 2022) Notice: electronic bundles (19 April 2022) Allocation of financial remedies cases to High Court judge level (21 May 2024) This document is being updated accordingly. The flowchart maps the steps when the accelerated first appointment procedure is available in the Financial Remedies Court within the Family Court. For practical guidance—including overviews, Practice Notes, precedents, guides, legislation, forms and further reading—see Financial provision—practice and procedure—overview or the related documents on the right-hand side of the flowchart; for all Lexis+ UK family flowcharts see Index of family flowcharts; for the accelerated route, see Accelerated first appointment...

This Checklist highlights the principal points and potential pitfalls to address when preparing and agreeing a payment clause in a business to business contract, covering late payment as well. For a model clause, see Precedent: Payment clause-commercial contracts. Guidance on late payment is in Practice Notes: Penalty interest rates in commercial contracts and Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, including, in particular, the sections on: Contracts, organisations and debts subject to LPCD(I)A 1998 Calculating the statutory interest Express terms for late payment in place of statutory interest Meaning of 'grossly unfair' Price and payment terms in a contract are often closely linked. When using this checklist, also refer to: Drafting and negotiating a price clause-checklist. Legal issues, general comments and what to watch out for are noted. Late payment legislation The Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 (LPCD(I)A 1998) allows all businesses and public sector bodies to claim statutory interest on late payment of commercial...

STOP PRESS: The Financial Remedies Guide 2026, issued on 13 March 2026 by Mr Justice Peel (National Lead Judge of the Financial Remedies Court) and His Honour Judge Hess (Deputy National Lead Judge of the Financial Remedies Court), and approved by the President of the Family Division, replaces and supersedes the following: Statement on the efficient handling of financial remedy cases assigned to a High Court judge, whether sitting at the Royal Courts of Justice or in any other venue (1 February 2016) (the High Court judge level efficiency statement) Statement on the efficient conduct of financial remedy hearings in the Financial Remedies Court below High Court judge level (11 January 2022) (the below High Court judge level efficiency statement) Financial Remedies Court Primary Principles document (11 January 2022) Notice from the Financial Remedies Court on electronic bundles (19 April 2022) Allocation of financial remedies cases to High Court judge level (21 May 2024) This document is being updated...

Legal Issues General comments This Checklist highlights the principal provisions and matters to consider when drafting and negotiating time of the essence clauses. What to watch out for For a Precedent time of the essence clause with comprehensive drafting notes, see Precedent: Time of the essence clause. For guidance on time of the essence, the exceptions to the general rule, and practical considerations for customers and suppliers, see Practice Note: Time of the essence. Nature of the term: condition, innominate term or warranty Time is of the essence where the parties expressly state that time will be of the essence. If time is of the essence, delay may entitle a party to terminate the contract and to claim damages. Without express wording, time will be of the essence only if it is a condition of the contract. Where the timing provision is interpreted as an innominate term or a warranty, the remedy is generally confined to damages, unless the breach is very serious or...

Checklist This checklist explores the actions a buyer’s solicitor ought to take during due diligence to deal with matters arising from the property’s physical state and the surveyor’s findings, as part of the investigation. Although this Checklist refers to the buyer’s solicitor, equivalent considerations apply to a tenant’s solicitor acting on the grant of a new lease, and to a borrower’s solicitor involved in the financing or refinancing of property. A solicitor is not qualified to advise on the state or the value of a property, and the report on title prepared for the buyer by the buyer’s solicitor should include a qualification to that effect. If the survey or valuation identifies any issues with the property, the buyer may wish to negotiate a reduction in the price or to include an obligation in the contract requiring the seller to remedy the matter prior to completion. Has the buyer’s solicitor advised the buyer to commission a survey? A buyer’s solicitor should always advise the buyer to have the property...

In this issue: UK mergers UK private actions UK market investigations EU antitrust EU State aid Daily and weekly news alerts LexTalk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community New and updated content Caselex UK mergers The CMA has issued its final positions following reviews of three sets of merger remedies and a single market investigation order: discharge undertakings in lieu of reference from August 2011 linked to Acergy SA’s acquisition of Subsea 7 Inc discharge undertakings in lieu of reference from August 2008 relating to Home Retail Group plc’s purchase of 27 leasehold properties from Focus (DIY) Ltd discharge undertakings dating from February 2002 by Lloyds TSB Group plc concerning its acquisition of Abbey National plc revoke the Energy Market Investigation (ECOES/DES) Order 2016 The CMA determined that, due to changes in circumstances, all of the relevant remedies are no longer suitable and should therefore be released (for the undertakings)...

DDR v BDR [2024] EWFC 278 What are the practical implications of this case? As well as offering a highly accessible distillation and application of the principles governing disputes over property between a sole legal proprietor and a non-legal claimant asserting a beneficial interest, this judgment underlines the truly basic distinction between the court’s declaratory function in property matters and its redistributive powers under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (MCA 1973). It also offers a template for the clear, targeted presentation of financial remedy applications. Where questions arise about the scope of a party’s bankruptcy estate, the approach must be equally disciplined. Its structured reasoning demonstrates how to keep such issues sharply defined and tightly analysed throughout the conduct of the application, from start to finish. The judge’s careful, methodical analysis should not mask the 'somewhat unfocused and unproductive' progression of the litigation for a substantial period, a consequence in large measure of both parties acting in person for most of the case. Happily, at a comparatively late juncture,...

In brief Limbu v Dyson, alleging forced labour within Dyson’s Malaysian supply network, settled before trial The proceedings posed novel issues about whether UK companies may owe a duty of care to workers in overseas supply chains The Supreme Court’s refusal of Dyson’s forum non‑convenience challenge signalled a judicial readiness to scrutinise human rights harms abroad The claim also advanced unjust enrichment, contending Dyson effectively profited from exploitation Although Dyson denies liability, the settlement signals an important acceptance of responsibility and may still deliver key outcomes pursued through strategic litigation: remedy, accountability, industry change and pressure for legislative reform What happened in Limbu v Dyson? In 2022, twenty‑four Nepalese and Bangladeshi migrant workers issued a High Court claim against Dyson over alleged abuses while working in two Malaysian factories making components for the Dyson supply chain. After years of wrangling over forum, a January 2026 ruling that the case should be heard in the UK saw Dyson then settle....

Prior to the coming into force of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1987, Part II (LTA 1987), the court retained a wide-ranging jurisdiction to appoint a receiver to assume control of the management of any property (including a block of flats) whenever it was considered just and convenient to do so. Nonetheless, that power was seldom exercised in practice in relation to blocks of flats, likely owing to the expense and the frequent requirement, in most cases, and, where applicable, to evidence default by the landlord or managing agents regarding the performance of the landlord’s repairing, maintenance or insurance obligations under the lease. Part II of the LTA 1987 offers an alternative remedy by vesting power in (what are now) the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) in England and the leasehold valuation tribunal in Wales to appoint a manager to take over the management of premises comprising flats; yet that jurisdiction likewise arises only where there is some default by the landlord or the managing agents in performing the landlord’s repair,...

This Practice Note offers practical guidance on the dispute resolution framework available to the UK and the EU under the UK–EU TCA, with an emphasis on trade. It outlines the breadth of the trade dispute regime, the obligatory consultation phase and any subsequent arbitration, and the measures to secure compliance with an arbitral award. Introduction Following the UK’s decision (Brexit) to depart the EU, the Parties concluded the Trade and Cooperation Agreement in December 2020, which took effect on 1 January 2021. For practical guidance on trade in goods, services and rules of origin under the UK-EC TCA, please see: Practice Note Trade in goods under the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement on goods Practice Note Trade in services under the UK-EU TCA—an overview on services Practice Note Rules of Origin of the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement on Rules of Origin The UK–EU TCA establishes its own dispute settlement system designed to be effective and efficient, both to...

A glossary of frequently used terms and phrases in Scottish Private Client law, with the closest England and Wales equivalents (where applicable) and links to helpful websites Ab intestato Meaning From someone who dies without a will; describes property taken under the laws of intestate succession. Nearest English equivalent None Action of specific implement Meaning A court action seeking an order compelling a party to carry out a particular act. In Scotland there is no division between equitable and legal remedies, unlike England and Wales. Nearest English equivalent Specific performance (an equitable remedy for breach of contract that can be ordered alongside, or in place of, damages) Advance notice Meaning An entry in the relevant property register that protects the grantee of a deed intended for registration in the Land Register of Scotland. The protected period of 35 days begins on the day after registration....

This Deed is made on [ insert day and month ] 20[ insert year ] Parties [ Insert name of Chargor ], being a company incorporated in England and Wales, with registered number [ insert company number ], and whose registered office is at [ insert address ] (the “ Chargor ”); and 1 [ Insert name of Security Agent ], acting as security agent and trustee for the Finance Parties pursuant to the terms and conditions set out in the [ Facilities Agreement OR Intercreditor Agreement OR Security Trust Deed ] (the “ Security Agent ”). Recitals: (A) The Finance Parties have consented to provide loan facilities subject to the terms and conditions set out in the Facilities Agreement (as defined below). (B) As a condition precedent to the loan facilities becoming available, the Chargor must execute this Deed for the purpose of granting security in favour of the Security Agent in relation to the Secured Obligations (as defined below)...

1 Interest on late payment If a party does not make payment in accordance with this Agreement, the other party may claim, in addition to any sum that ought properly to have been settled, and recover, [ simple OR compound ] interest on that sum (accruing on a daily basis from the final date for payment until the date payment is in fact made, whether before or after judgment). Such interest will be computed at a rate of [ insert figure ]% per annum above the [ insert name of financial institution eg Bank of England ] base rate then prevailing at the time the amount immediately became overdue under this Agreement. [ The parties agree that the provisions of this clause constitute a substantial remedy for the purposes of section 9(1) of the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998. ]...

This note offers general guidance about financial disclosure. Your family lawyer will be able to give specific advice tailored to your circumstances. What is financial disclosure? Financial disclosure means providing your spouse or partner, and the court, with complete information about your personal financial position together with your anticipated needs and resources. It is ordinarily the first step your family lawyer will ask you to take, because they cannot advise you properly on the likely outcome of your matter without a clear understanding of where both you and your spouse/partner stand financially. In financial cases, transparency is crucial whatever route you choose to reach an agreement, whether inside or outside the court system. If you commence court proceedings, the court will require both you and your spouse/partner to complete a detailed financial statement (a form known as Form E) before the first hearing. In out-of-court options such as mediation, collaborative law or arbitration, you will usually be asked to use a similar form or document. Why is...

The court holds comprehensive jurisdiction to sanction or decline a financial remedy consent order embodying the parties’ bargain (see section 33A of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (MCA 1973) and the Family Procedure Rules 2010 (FPR 2010), SI 2010/2955, 9.26). Yet the court is neither ‘a rubber stamp’ nor a ‘bloodhound’ or ‘forensic ferret’ (see Pounds v Pounds and L v L). Its jurisdiction cannot be excluded. The court undertakes an autonomous and independent evaluation to enable it to discharge and fulfil its statutory duties by reference to the relevant factors set out in the MCA 1973, s 25...

It is commonplace in financial remedy proceedings for a third party to be added to the case, either to advance a claim to a beneficial interest in a property or other asset, or to permit making of an order for sale in relation to that property. In TL v ML, Mostyn J articulated the procedural principles to be applied to such matters...

Forfeiture Forfeiture is a contractual mechanism that permits a landlord to terminate a tenancy when the tenant breaches the tenancy terms. This can be achieved either by peaceable re-entry to the property or by starting court proceedings. The tenant retains the ability to seek relief from forfeiture. This Q&A does not clarify whether the lease in question is commercial or residential. For commercial lettings, a landlord cannot exercise forfeiture without first serving a notice under section 146 of the Law of Property Act 1925, setting out the breach and requiring the tenant to remedy it. However, no section 146 notice...