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Rule 9 waiver meaning

What does Rule 9 waiver mean?
A Rule 9 waiver (whitewash) describes the Takeover panel’s dispensation from the mandatory offer requirement in Rule 9 of the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers where a person would otherwise cross 30% of voting rights, or increase an interest between 30% and 50%, solely because the company issues new voting securities (for example, as share consideration for an acquisition or under a cash subscription). It allows equity fundraisings and paper-for-paper deals to proceed without triggering a mandatory bid. The Panel will normally grant the waiver if independent shareholders approve it on a poll at a general meeting, following a circular containing prescribed disclosures and the opinion of an independent financial adviser to the independent shareholders. The proposed subscriber (and its concert parties) is excluded from voting. The detailed whitewash procedure is set out in Appendix 1 to the Notes on Dispensations from Rule 9. This is a Code-based practice term, not a statutory definition, and reflects Panel rather than court regulation. Usage and effect are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In Ireland, the Irish Takeover Panel may grant an equivalent Rule 9 waiver under the Irish Takeover Rules on a similar independent shareholder approval and disclosure...
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NEWS
UK immigration weekly briefing: Home Office fee increases, HC 733 changes, Student sponsor guidance updates, notable case law, and EES/ETIAS timelines—27 March 2025

In this issue: Key developments UK immigration control: how it works Students Business, investment and non-sponsored work Challenging immigration decisions and enforcement Citizenship applications International Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Latest Q&As Key developments Future developments—Immigration calendar Please note, our Immigration calendar highlights key upcoming changes of interest to business immigration advisers. UK immigration control: how it works Immigration, Nationality and Passport (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 2025 SI 2025/363 updates the Immigration and Nationality (Fees) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/330), raising charges for immigration and nationality applications and for travel documents. It also revises the Passport (Fees) Regulations 2022 (SI 2022/660). Implementation is phased: from 9.00 am on 9 April 2025, then on 10 April 2025, with full effect from 1 May 2025. See: LNB News 21/03/2025. Home Office issues new fees table for fees from 9 April 2025 The Home Office has published an updated...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Takeover Code Rule 37: Share buybacks, dual class share structures and enfranchising non‑voting shares—Rule 9 mandatory offer implications, Panel waivers/dispensations and 2026 reforms

Rule 37—Setting the scene This Resource Note summarises the core features of Rule 37 of the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers (Code). It concerns company share repurchases, companies with dual class share arrangements and the enfranchisement of a company’s non‑voting shares, and the situations in which such structures or arrangements could trigger a mandatory offer under Rule 9 of the Code. It also flags relevant materials, commentary and guidance from the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers (Panel), together with Lexis+® UK analysis and resources, to provide practical direction on interpreting and applying Rule 37. Materials covered in this Resource Note include: Practice Statements issued by the Panel Executive (the body responsible for the day‑to‑day conduct of takeover supervision and regulation) (Executive) giving informal guidance on how the Executive typically interprets and applies the Code Panel Statements published by the Panel (P/S) and Panel Instruments Public Consultation Papers (PCP) and Response Statements (RS) published by the Code Committee Annual Reports published by...

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PRACTICE NOTES
City Code on Takeovers and Mergers Rule 9 Mandatory Offers: Thresholds, Triggers, Concert Parties, Chain Principle, Dual Class Shares, Waivers, Pricing, Terms and Enforcement

Prepared with input from Rebecca Cousin of Slaughter and May on market practice. The nature of a mandatory offer Takeover bids are most often voluntary: the offeror decides to seek control of a company (or a particular class of its shares) after careful thought and planning, and—subject to certain limits—selects the consideration to be provided and the conditions to be included (see Practice Note: Voluntary, partial and tender offers). By contrast, one of the Code’s most familiar provisions, Rule 9, obliges an individual (or persons acting in concert) to make a takeover offer for a company within the scope of the Code once that person’s holding (or their aggregate holdings) in that company pass specified thresholds. This is described as a mandatory offer, or a Rule 9 offer. Mandatory offers are relatively uncommon in practice, as they are generally regarded as something to steer clear of. For details of which companies fall within the Code, see Practice Note: The Panel and the regulatory framework of takeovers—Companies subject...

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PRACTICE NOTES
City Code on Takeovers and Mergers (UK) Appendix 1: Rule 9 ‘whitewash’ waivers, procedure, disqualifying transactions, circular content and Panel guidance

Appendix 1—Setting the scene This Resource Note summarises the key aspects of Appendix 1 to the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers (the Code). It explains the process to follow where the Panel is asked to grant a waiver of the duty to make a mandatory offer under Rule 9. It also brings together pertinent materials, commentary and guidance from the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers, alongside Lexis+® UK analysis and resources, to provide practical direction on interpreting and applying Appendix 1. Code and Lexis+® UK resources Practice Statements from the Panel Executive (which undertakes the day‑to‑day supervision and regulation of takeovers), offering informal insight into how the Executive typically reads and applies the Code. Panel Statements (P/S) and Panel Instruments issued by the Panel. Public Consultation Papers (PCP) and Response Statements (RS) from the Code Committee. Annual Reports of the Panel discussing broader matters. Relevant Lexis+® UK resources. What it covers Appendix 1 sets out the...

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PRECEDENTS
Proxy form—general meeting: open offer/placing, authority to allot (s551), disapplication of pre-emption rights (s561), and Rule 9 waiver (UK Takeover Code; Companies Act 2006)

Company number : [ insert company name ] [ insert company name ] PLC (the Company) Form of proxy for a general meeting Before completing this form please read the explanatory notes [ I OR We ] [ insert name of shareholder [ s ] ], being [ a ] member [ s ] of the Company, hereby appoint [ insert name of proxy ]. [ insert information about shares ] Proxy’s name Shares to which this proxy appointment applies Leave blank if you are appointing one proxy or, if no person is stated in the proxy box, the chair of the meeting will act as [ my OR our ] proxy, empowered to exercise all or any of [ my OR our ] rights to attend and speak for [ me OR us ], and to act on [ my OR our ] behalf at the Company’s general meeting to be held at [ insert time ] on [ insert date ] (and at any adjournment of the...

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PRECEDENTS
Companies House notice: general meeting resolutions for s551 allotment authority, s561 pre-emption disapplication and open offer/placing; optional Rule 9 waiver (Companies Act 2006, UK public company)

Company number: [ insert number ] The Companies Act 2006 Public company limited by shares Resolutions of [ Insert company name ] PLC (the Company) At a duly convened general meeting of the Company held on [ insert date ], the following were passed: resolution[s] [ numbered [ insert numbers ] ] as [ an ] ordinary resolution[s] and the resolution numbered [ insert number ] as a special resolution of the Company: ORDINARY RESOLUTION[S] That the directors are generally and unconditionally authorised, pursuant to and in accordance with section 551 of the Companies Act 2006, to exercise all powers of the Company to allot shares in the Company and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, shares in the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of £[...

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