Service meaning

Checklist This Checklist is chiefly intended primarily for customers (licencees). It provides an overview of the key terms commonly and usually found in a supplier agreement to licence ‘on‑premise’ software installed on the customer’s own infrastructure. For issues related to the licensing and deployment of software as a service (SaaS), see Practice Note: Cloud computing—introduction and Precedent: Software as a service (SaaS) agreement—pro-customer, accordingly. For further reading and template documents relating to this Checklist, see the following: Practice Note: Key issues in software licence agreements Practice Note: Warranties and indemnities in software licence agreements Precedent: Software licence—pro-customer Precedent: Software licence—pro-supplier Negotiation guide—IT contracts Further information Notes (if any) Grant and scope of licence Is the software described clearly and adequately? The customer should be clear about what it is contracting for. There may also be warranties from the supplier that the software will perform as described. Who is permitted to use the software?...

Legislation safeguards the pension entitlements of members of occupational pension schemes and other employment‑related benefit arrangements, including workplace personal pension schemes that receive employer contributions, while they are away from work on statutory family leave. Statutory family leave encompasses: maternity leave paternity leave adoption leave parental leave shared parental leave parental bereavement leave carer’s leave Maternity leave Occupational pension schemes are taken to include a maternity equality rule requiring periods when a member is on maternity leave to be treated in the same manner as periods when they are not on maternity leave. This maternity equality rule applies to both paid and unpaid ordinary maternity leave (OML), as well as to paid additional maternity leave (AML). As a result, under this rule, time spent on OML and paid AML in a defined benefit (DB) scheme is recognised as pensionable service...

This Checklist sets out the principal procedural steps and considerations for parties preparing or answering a request to extend time in judicial review claims before the Administrative Court. It should be read alongside Practice Note: Judicial review time limits—extensions and urgent cases. Time limits for bringing claims and the requirement to act 'promptly' Where proceedings are started in the High Court, the claim form must be lodged promptly and, in any case, no later than three months from the date the grounds first arose, subject to the shorter periods below: challenges to planning decisions must be issued within six weeks of the date the grounds to bring the claim first arose challenges to procurement decisions under the Public Contracts Regulations 2015 must be brought within 30 days of the date the grounds to bring the claim first arose...

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: Following the Government’s response to the Ministry of Justice and the Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) consultation, Modernising Lasting Powers of Attorney, the Powers of Attorney Bill was granted Royal Assent on 18 September 2023, becoming the Powers of Attorney Act 2023 (PAA 2023). Once commenced, PAA 2023 will amend the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA 2005) to provide a more modern lasting power of attorney (LPA) service...

This flowchart supports a tenant’s bid to extend a lease under the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 (LRHUDA 1993). It explains the procedure beginning with service of the tenant’s section 42 notice, then the landlord’s section 45 counter-notice, and the time limits for issuing applications to the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) (or, in Wales, the Leasehold Valuation Tribunal (LVT)), and/or to the County Court where required. Note 1 See Practice Note: Guide to lease extensions of flats under the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993—Preparation for securing a lease extension...

This Flowchart This Flowchart helps determine the appropriate rate of stamp duty land tax (SDLT) for the transaction in question. Different SDLT rates may apply to purchases depending on the property type (residential, non-residential (commercial property), or mixed-use property). Use this Flowchart in conjunction with Practice Note: Rates of SDLT. This Flowchart proceeds on the basis that: the buyer is acquiring a single property and the purchase is not linked with any other transaction. For further detail on linked transactions, see Practice Note: SDLT chargeable consideration—Linked transactions no relief from SDLT applies to the transaction...

State aid General Court dismisses action relating to Commission’s decision approving compensation to Česká pošta for universal service obligations The General Court delivered its ruling in Case T-784/22, Zásilkovna v Commission, a challenge to the Commission’s decision of 25 July 2022, which concluded that compensation granted to Česká pošta by the Czech Republic for carrying out the universal postal service obligation for the years 2018-2022 was compatible with the internal market (SA.55208). The General Court rejected the action in full. By its ruling, the Court endorsed the Commission’s approval of the compensation measure. Background Česká pošta, the incumbent postal operator in the Czech Republic, has been designated as the country’s universal postal service provider. Under the universal service obligation (USO), Česká pošta is required, amongst other duties, to make available specified letter and parcel delivery services on each business day throughout the whole territory of the Czech Republic. The General Court upheld this decision on appeal. In January 2018, the Czech authorities pre-notified compensation intended for Česká...

In this issue Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Nuclear energy International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials National Grid has unveiled a strategic tie-up between its Distribution System Operator (DSO) and Electron to boost the scale and value of flexibility for system operators and flexibility service providers (FSPs) by enabling market interoperability. Electron will link its flexibility market platform, ElectronConnect, with the DSO’s Market Gateway, giving FSPs wider choice in how they access and engage with flexibility on the electricity distribution network. The collaboration also aims to reduce entry hurdles and drive broader market participation. See: LNB News 02/05/2024 7. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem has opened a consultation...

In this issue: Horizon scanning Directors Status and worker categories Cross-border, international and jurisdictional issues Recruitment Protected characteristics Prohibited Conduct (discrimination etc) Diversity and gender pay gap Maternity, parents and carers Financial services and banking: employment issues Data protection and employee information Bribery, modern slavery, tax evasion and fraud Employment Tribunals Scotland Ireland LexTalk®Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Dates for your diary Trackers New Q&As Employment resources on Lexis+® Daily and weekly news alerts Horizon scanning BTC launches call for evidence on Employment Rights Bill The Business and Trade Committee (BTC) has opened its first request for evidence for a new inquiry into the Employment Rights Bill (ERB). The inquiry will collect written and oral submissions to steer the Bill’s subsequent passage through Parliament and to gauge whether it is set to meet its stated aims. Written evidence should be submitted by Friday...

This Practice Note centres on appeals against conviction, sentence, and related orders pursued in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division (CACD) under the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (CAA 1968), and in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Rules 2025 (CrimPR 2025), SI 2025/909, Parts 36 and 39. It also considers applications advanced by the Attorney General under section 36 of the Criminal Justice Act 1972 (CJA 1972) or section 36 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (CJA 1988). It outlines how an appeal is commenced, namely by lodging an application for leave to appeal directly with the Court of Appeal. For further information on obtaining certificates declaring a case fit for appeal from the Crown Court, see Practice Note: Criminal appeals—certificates of fitness to appeal from the Crown Court. For detailed guidance on progressing an appeal in the CACD, see Practice Note: Conducting an appeal in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division (CACD). When can an appeal be made to the Court of Appeal? An appeal to the CACD...

What is a service charge? A service charge is a sum a tenant may have to pay to a landlord under a commercial lease to reimburse the landlord for services they provide in connection with the common parts and for the upkeep of the property. Commonly, this applies where multiple tenants occupy one property, for example a shopping centre, and the landlord looks after the communal parts of the building for everyone’s benefit. In most contemporary leases the tenant pays the service charge on account, before the landlord incurs the expenditure, calculated from an estimate of the next year’s costs. At the close of the accounting period a reconciliation is prepared and any shortfall or surplus is settled by or to the tenant. Sometimes, earlier forms of lease stipulate that the landlord must meet the outlay first. For more detail on service charges ordinarily charged to tenants of multi-occupied buildings by commercial landlords in Scotland, see Practice Note: Service charge and outgoing provisions in commercial leases in Scotland. ...

STOP PRESS From 24 February 2025, the core provisions of the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023) take effect and apply. Competitions commencing on or after that date must proceed under PA 2023, while procurements started under the earlier regimes — the Public Contracts Regulations 2015 (PCR 2015), the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2016, the Concession Regulations 2016, and the Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011 — must continue to be run and overseen in line with those rules and procedures accordingly. See Practice Note: Introduction to the Procurement Act 2023—PA 2023. This material concerns the Procurement Act 2023 regime. It provides practical guidance on public procurement under the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023). For practical guidance on light touch contracts under the former legislation, see Practice Note: Considerations when authorities procure contracts that are not subject to the full procurement regime. Overview of the light touch public procurement regime Under PA 2023, light touch contracts (LTCs) mean contracts wholly or predominantly for the delivery of identified...

1 Legal costs 1.1 The legal costs of [ insert brief description of services, eg obtaining a grant of probate and distributing an estate ] consist of [ two OR three ] principal elements: our fees; outlays we pay on your behalf (often referred to as disbursements) [ ; OR . ] [ costs you may need to pay to another party. ] 1.2 Our charges We apply a fixed-fee structure [ of £[ insert price excluding VAT ] OR ranging between £[ insert price excluding VAT ] and £[ insert price excluding VAT ] depending on [ insert description of the factors that will dictate where in the fixed price range your fees will fall, eg the value and complexity of your matter ] ] . [ If a matter or transaction does not reach completion, we reserve the right to charge for the work undertaken, using our standard charging rate of £[ insert rate...

INSOLVENCY ACT APPLICATION NOTICE Case No: [ insert case number ]. Court: High Court (Business and Property Courts, Insolvency and Companies List (ChD)) OR Business and Property Courts in [ insert location ] OR County Court at [ insert location ] (Business and Property Work). In the matter of [ insert company’s name ] and the Insolvency Act 1986. Parties: [ Insert Applicant(s) ] v [ Insert Respondent(s) ]. Under IR 2016 r 18.23. Parties and addresses: Applicants [ names/addresses ]; Respondents [ names/addresses ]. Application relates to [ details ]. Judge: [ level ]. Venue: [ court/hearing centre ]. Ref: [ number ]. Orders sought: Fix remuneration at £[ insert sum ] plus VAT; disbursements £[ insert sum ]. Costs to be an expense of the [ liquidation/administration ]. Any further order or relief the court considers appropriate. Grounds: witness statement of [ name ], dated [ date ]. Service/notice: [ names/addresses, if any, or none ]. Address for...

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: Potential changes to Wills Act 1837 The Law Commission’s review of wills culminated in a final report on 16 May 2025. Volume II contains a Draft Bill proposing replacement of the Wills Act 1837. For details of these proposals, including the published draft legislation, see Practice Note: Hot topic—modernising Wills and Modernising wills: Final Report Volume II: Draft Bill for a new Wills Act. STOP PRESS: Abolition of non-dom regime and introduction of residence-based IHT regime The Finance Act 2025 (FA 2025), which received Royal Assent on 20 March 2025, implements the abolition of the remittance basis and introduces a residence-based regime from 6 April 2025. FA 2025 makes residence, rather than domicile, the main determinant of liability to inheritance tax. changes to the rules defining excluded property status; removal of protected settlements status for offshore trusts; and modifications to overseas workday relief. For further information, see Practice Notes: The abolition of the remittance basis of taxation...

If a business claims to hire and remunerate an individual with a wage to reduce the tax burden of the business itself or a director/shareholder, while the individual in reality undertakes no work and supplies no services, this would appear to constitute tax evasion. Where a solicitor knows this is happening, they should adhere to the procedures prescribed in the firm’s policy on preventing the facilitation of tax evasion in such circumstances...

Automatic enrolment does not apply to workers under age 22. Individuals younger than 22 fall outside automatic enrolment. However, anyone aged 16 to 21 with qualifying earnings of £6,032 or above in the 2018–19 tax year may choose to join their employer’s automatic enrolment arrangement and receive employer pension contributions. For the purposes of limb (a) in section 230(3) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA 1996), a worker is an individual who has entered into, or works or worked under, a contract of employment. Under ERA 1996, section 230(2), a contract of employment means a contract of service or apprenticeship. An apprenticeship agreement meeting the requirements of the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 is treated as a contract of service, not a contract of apprenticeship. See Practice Notes: Employee status and Apprenticeships...

For the purposes of this Q&A, it is assumed that: the leasehold property forms part of the unadministered Estate the Estate bears the primary responsibility to pay the service charge the beneficiaries in occupation have a right to occupy the leasehold property Whilst the Estate is being administered, legal ownership of the deceased’s unadministered assets is vested in the personal representatives (PRs) for the purposes of administration and to carry out that administration. In the meantime, no beneficiary, whether taking under the deceased’s Will or by intestacy, has any proprietary interest in any particular or identifiable asset comprised within the unadministered Estate, nor any enforceable claim to such an item. See Practice Note: Beneficiaries’ rights and remedies. The PRs hold extensive powers to administer and manage the deceased’s Estate...