“A lot of the work that I do is historic-the maximum sentences change at different points of time. It's really complicated and people get it wrong all the time. That's when having a timeline is really useful.”
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Checklist This Checklist outlines the details that must appear in a notice of intention of intention to make an award, or to finalise a framework agreement, with the Chosen Provider through the Competitive Process, intended for submission to the UK central digital platform, to satisfy the transparency requirements set and mandated by the Health Care Services (Provider Selection Regime) Regulations 2023 (PSR Regs 2023), SI 2023/1348, reg 11(10), Sch 10...
Checklist This Checklist sets out key provisions commonly included in a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) agreement, under which a mobile network operator, as Supplier, provides wholesale access for resale to the MVNO’s own retail customers. It focuses on provisions specific to this type of contract. See also the Precedent: MVNO agreement. Definitions Agreement – the MVNO agreement between the MVNO and the Supplier for the provision of the Services End-User – a customer of the MVNO IPR – intellectual property rights MVNO – mobile virtual network operator, the customer in the Agreement Services – the wholesale network services provided to the MVNO by the Supplier Supplier – the mobile network operator supplying network services to the MVNO The third column can be used to capture observations or comments as the Checklist is completed. General terms and conditions ☐ Consider the term. The term typically reflects the level of bespoke development and investment...
This Checklist This Checklist identifies the principal terms to weigh up within a consultancy agreement. It draws attention to points affecting the customer, matters impacting the consultant, and considerations shared by both sides for incorporation into a consultancy agreement. The Checklist supports both consultant and customer as they assess and bargain over a consultancy agreement, effectively guiding review and negotiation throughout the process. See also: Taking instructions for a consultancy agreement—checklist...
This Checklist supports the preparation of terms and conditions for the sale of goods. It highlights key points when producing standard B2B terms or a goods sale agreement. It covers legal, regulatory and practical aspects of selling and supplying goods and is written from a seller/supplier perspective. For general guidance on contracts for the sale of goods, see Practice Notes: Contracts for the sale and supply of goods—business to business and Implied terms in contracts for goods and services. For broader guidance on key provisions in commercial contracts, see Practice Note: Key terms and conditions in commercial contracts. General considerations Engage with departmental stakeholders to identify concerns and gather customer feedback that should be addressed in the terms. Map how goods will be provided and any back-end processes, eg delivery or returns, that need to be reflected in the terms. Check for pre-existing commitments, such as restrictive covenants or exclusive sale or purchasing arrangements, that could prevent a bespoke supply contract...
Checklist This checklist outlines the principal matters to consider when preparing or assessing an outsourcing agreement. It addresses central legal, regulatory and practical questions that arise in outsourcing arrangements, while excluding sectors that carry bespoke regulatory regimes, such as health or financial services. For overarching guidance on outsourcing, consult Practice Note: Outsourcing—key terms. For discussion of negotiation points you are likely to encounter, see Practice Notes: Negotiation guide—services agreements and Negotiation guide—IT contracts. As you progress through the checklist, the third column can be used to capture observations or comments as each point is considered... Further information Notes (if any) Initial considerations What is the customer’s main reason for outsourcing? Knowing the driver—e.g. cutting costs, enhancing service quality, or obtaining a function the customer lacks the capability to deliver internally—will help. Also think about the breadth of the outsourcing, whether a service improvement mechanism is desired, and if value for money will be tested by benchmarking (see below)... Confirm whether any existing...
In this issue: Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Contracts International Public procurement Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q&A Commercial Highlights 2025/2026 Advertising, marketing and sponsorship ASA rulings—17 December 2025 The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) received six objections about adverts for weight-loss medicines and services, covering promotion of prescription-only medicines, irresponsible body-image messaging and gender stereotyping, plus assertions that a medicine assists beyond its authorised indication. The ASA upheld the complaints. See: LNB News 17/12/2025 20. Which? finds budget airlines’ cabin bag fees far higher than advertised Consumer's Association (Which?) carried out research into budget airline bag pricing, finding that major carriers such as RyanAir and Easyjet routinely fail to include in the advertised total the realistic cost of baggage. Which? has referred its findings to the ASA for misleading 'from' price claims and the ASA is investigating. See: LNB News 15/12/2025 14....
Antitrust CAT upholds appeal and sets aside CMA’s infringement decision regarding supply of prochlorperazine 3mg buccal tablets The CAT has delivered its judgment in (1) Advanz Pharma Corp. Limited and others, (2) Cinven Capital Management (V) General Partners Limited and others, (3) Lexon (UK) Limited and another and (4) Alliance Pharmaceuticals Limited and another v CMA, arising from an appeal brought against the CMA’s decision dated 3 February 2022, which levied fines exceeding £35m on Alliance, Focus, Lexon and Medreich for infringing Chapter I of the Chapter Competition Act by coordinating not to compete in the UK supply of 3mg buccal tablets. According to the CMA, Alliance and Lexon had concluded a ‘pay for delay’ arrangement concerning the tablets (the Market Exclusion Agreement (MEA)), whose object was to restrict competition. Under that arrangement, Lexon agreed it would refrain from competing with Alliance in supplying tablets that Medreich manufactured for Lexon, in exchange for compensation from Alliance. The mechanism for this understanding was said to be distribution agreements that Alliance...
In this issue: Employment taxes VAT International Individuals and income tax Taxes management and litigation Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Employment taxes Appeal court rules that loans advanced through a remuneration trust were chargeable as disguised remuneration and that the linked costs were non-deductible (Marlborough DP Limited v HMRC). In Marlborough DP Ltd, the Court of Appeal dismissed the taxpayer’s case and upheld the Upper Tribunal (UT). It found that amounts lent to a director under a remuneration trust fell within the disguised remuneration regime in Part 7A of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (ITEPA 2003), as they were made in connection with employment. The Court further concluded that the associated payments were not allowable for corporation tax, since they were not incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the company’s trade. See News Analysis: Court of Appeal...
This Practice Note offers practical direction on the recently unveiled trade arrangement between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU). Introduction On 19 May 2025, at the inaugural UK–EU Summit, the EU and UK revealed a new trade deal. Termed the Strategic Partnership, the arrangement is intended to build upon the Withdrawal Agreement, the UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement and the Windsor Framework. For materials, see: For guidance on trade in goods under the UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, see Practice Note: Trade in goods under the UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement. For guidance on trade in services under the UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, see Practice Note: Trade in services under the UK–EU TCA—an overview. For guidance on the Windsor Framework, see Practice Note: Joint Decision for Windsor Package to commence. The new deal is not yet finalised. Rather, the EU and UK have settled on a path for their negotiations towards a trade agreement. The...
This table summarises all completed investigations by Singapore’s competition authority (the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore—the CCCS) into alleged cartels, anti-competitive agreements and abuses of dominant positions since 2018. Note—only investigations that have been made public are included in this table. 2025 Investigations under section 34 of the Competition Act Remittance services — ZGR Global; Hanshan Issues: Restrictive agreement—information exchange Developments: Decision finding infringement—31/07/2025; penalties totalling $5.36m imposed Contracting — Trust-Build Engineering & Construction Pte. Ltd; Hunan Fengtian Construction Group Co. Ltd Issues: Restrictive agreement—bid rigging Developments: Decision finding infringement—23/05/2025; penalties totalling $4.6m imposed Investigations under section 47 of the Competition Act The CCCS has not yet issued any decisions under section 47 in 2025 2024 Investigations under section 34 of the Competition Act Remittance services — ZGR Global Pte Ltd; Hanshan...
Introduction to the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement This Practice Note summarises the key features of the UK‑EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) that affect trade in goods between the UK and the EU. It covers customs and export duties and other charges, and outlines the preferential rules of origin operating between the parties. It also considers import and export restrictions and licensing, customs valuation, trade remedies and tariff rate quotas. Further topics include sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, and measures on customs and trade facilitation. On 24 December 2020, UK and EU negotiators concluded an accord shaping their future relationship. The UK–EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement is a wide‑ranging instrument arising from the UK’s departure from the EU’s internal market (Brexit) and extends beyond trade in goods and services. It also covers a range of other Brexit‑related matters, including: investment competition state aid tax transparency air and road transport energy and sustainability fisheries data...
The Schedule 1 Definitions 1.1 In this Schedule: Adequate Procedures – must be interpreted in line with BA 2010 and any guidance issued under it; Associated Person – means any or all of: (a) the officers, employees, agents, subcontractors, subsidiaries, and individuals Associated With a party (Associates); and (b) persons Associated With any of those Associates, in every instance engaged in carrying out services for, or on behalf of, that party, the Services, and/or this Agreement; and Associated With – where used: (a) in paragraph 2 and in relation to bribery, is to be construed in accordance with BA 2010 and guidance issued under it; (b) in paragraph 4 and regarding the facilitation of tax evasion, is to be construed in accordance with Part 3 of CFA 2017 and guidance issued under it; (c) in paragraph 5 and as regards fraud, is to be construed in accordance with Part 5 of ECCTA 2023 and guidance issued under it; BA 2010 – means the...
This Agreement is entered into on [ date ] Parties [ Insert name of party ] [ of OR a company incorporated in England and Wales under number [ insert registered number ] with its registered office at ] [ insert address ] (Party 1); and [ Insert name of party ] [ of OR a company incorporated in England and Wales under number [ insert registered number ] with its registered office at ] [ insert address ] (Party 2), each of Party 1 and Party 2 being a party and, together, the parties. BACKGROUND Party 1 supplies [ insert description of goods and/or services ]. Party 2 supplies [ insert description of goods and/or services ]. The parties intend to submit a Bid as a joint tender to the Customer in answer to the Invitation to Tender. The parties seek to state their obligations and manage their rights concerning the Bid and, if the...
Within this precedent, the following extra defined terms are used: ‘Agreement’, ‘Business Day’, ‘Charges’, ‘Customer’, ‘Services’, ‘Supplier’ and ‘Supplier Personnel’. They are not specific to data processing and are assumed defined separately in the relevant agreement...
There are a number of points to weigh up when determining if a consumer credit agreement is regulated by the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (CCA 1974). Under the CCA 1974, s 8(1), a consumer credit agreement is described as an agreement between an individual (“the debtor”) and any other person (“the creditor”) whereby the creditor extends credit of any amount...
Brexit—Commercial For help with your query, please refer to the following: Brexit—contract clauses and resources—checklist [Archived] Clause: Brexit—warranty for commercial contracts clause [Archived] Clause: Territory definition For additional guidance, see: Brexit collection...
What is the regulatory regime under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000) Under section 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, the general prohibition applies: a person must not carry on a regulated activity in the UK, or even purport to do so, unless they are within one of the permitted categories below. An authorised person (that is, authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and/or the Financial Conduct Authority) An exempt person (for example, an appointed representative) For an outline of the UK regime governing regulated activities, see Practice Note: What are regulated activities? An activity is regulated if it is of a ‘specified kind’—as listed in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (RAO 2001), SI 2001/544—and it is carried on by way of business. For further detail on what amounts to carrying on a regulated activity ‘by way of business’ in the UK, refer to Practice Notes: What does ‘by...