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Share option meaning

/ʃɛː/ /ˈɒpʃ(ə)n/
What does Share option mean?
A share option is a contractual right to buy (and less commonly to sell) shares at a fixed or formula-based exercise price within a stated period or on specified events. In practice it is a call option over shares, granted either by the company (over unissued shares) or by an existing shareholder (over issued shares). The option gives the holder a right, not an obligation, to acquire the shares; if not exercised before expiry it lapses. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute or case law, although particular employee share option schemes are defined for tax purposes (e.g., EMI/CSOP in the UK; approved schemes in Ireland). Key terms typically include grant date, vesting or performance conditions, exercise price (strike price), exercise window, settlement mechanics, transfer restrictions, leaver provisions, and change‑of‑control/IPO triggers. Options are usually non‑transferable. Where options are over unissued shares, valid exercise requires sufficient authority to allot and, if applicable, disapplication of statutory pre‑emption rights under the Companies Act 2006 (England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) or Companies Act 2014 (Ireland). Usage and legal treatment are broadly consistent across the UK and Ireland; governing law and corporate authorisations differ by jurisdiction.
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View the related Checklists about Share option

CHECKLISTS
SAYE options: employee eligibility at grant—UK flowchart under ITEPA 2003 Sch 3

To grant save as you earn (SAYE) options, several conditions must be met at the grant date, relating to: the company issuing the options the employees receiving them the shares placed under option the options themselves the SAYE scheme itself This Flowchart focuses on employee eligibility, set against the income tax relief in Chapter 7 of Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (ITEPA 2003). For other conditions, see Practice Notes: SAYE—companies which qualify to operate an SAYE scheme, and SAYE—requirements for the options and timing for exercise SAYE—flowchart to determine employee's eligibility This Flowchart outlines the statutory tests at the date of grant for an employee to: be eligible for SAYE options and required to be invited to each operation of the SAYE scheme be eligible for SAYE options and eligible to be invited to join the scheme, or be ineligible for...

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CHECKLISTS
UK SAYE (sharesave) schemes: flowchart assessing share eligibility at grant for tax-advantaged options under ITEPA 2003

A save as you earn (SAYE) scheme A save as you earn (SAYE) scheme is a tax-favoured employee share plan in which participants receive a tax-efficient option and must commit to a connected savings contract with a bank or building society. These arrangements are also commonly known as sharesave schemes, or as savings-related share option schemes throughout the market...

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CHECKLISTS
Ireland: Employee Settlement (Compromise) Agreements-Comprehensive Drafting and Negotiation Checklist (tax, pensions, WRC, PILON, NDAs, restrictions, redundancy)

Preparatory steps Secure the employee’s most recent employment contract, together with any variations, related correspondence forming part of the contract, and any company handbook considered contractual Verify the employee’s continuous service particulars, including the employment start date and the dates of any contract amendments during employment Gather pension details: whether the scheme is defined benefit or defined contribution, and whether all employer contributions are fully up to date Identify the basis for the settlement-e.g., in respect of a Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) claim, a redundancy payment, a personal injury claim, or another legal claim Where multiple claims are being resolved, ensure agreement with the employer on how the overall settlement is apportioned to each claim, and that both parties clearly understand the tax treatment of each amount Ascertain any shares or share option schemes held by the employee, paying close attention to any definitions relating to leaver status that apply...

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View the related Flowcharts about Share option

FLOWCHARTS
JCT Standard Building Contract 2024/2016 (WQ, WoQ, WAQ): Interim Payment Procedure—Applications, Due and Final Dates, Payment and Pay Less Notices (Flowchart)

A company share option plan (CSOP) A company share option plan (CSOP) enables tax-favoured options over shares with a value up to £60,000 per person, assessed as at the grant date, to be awarded at the discretion of companies that satisfy the CSOP qualifying criteria, and is commonly adopted by companies that are too large to be eligible to issue enterprise management incentive (EMI) options...

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FLOWCHARTS
CSOP qualifying shares—UK flowchart and statutory tests for income tax relief under ITEPA 2003

This flow diagram outlines the steps for submitting a compensation event claim seeking extra time to finish the works and/or extra payment under the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract...

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NEWS
UK share incentives: HMRC clarifies SAYE savings must be through pay deductions; executive post-vesting holding practices; EBTs in M&A; loan charge appeal stay; forthcoming Budget

In this issue: Save As You Earn Corporate governance Useful information Dates for your diary Weekly highlights from other practice areas Save As You Earn HMRC updates guidance on SAYE savings arrangements and deductions from pay HMRC has revised its guidance at ETASSUM34120 to confirm that employees cannot use third‑party loans or other finance to boost the amounts saved under an SAYE scheme. The scheme must instead be operated in line with the SAYE prospectus, which specifies that contributions are made via deductions from pay. This further clarification appears to respond to market products where participants receive an immediate refund of monthly contributions from a third party funder, in exchange for an arrangement fee and a share of any profit ultimately realised when the SAYE option is exercised and the shares are sold. For more detail on the requirements applying to SAYE‑linked savings contracts, see Practice Note: How SAYE schemes work and key features. See: ETASSUM34120...

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NEWS
Private Client weekly update - cases, legislation, tax and HMRC developments across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (19 March 2026)

In this issue: Probate Trusts Elderly and vulnerable clients UK taxes for Private Client HMRC Manuals updates Tax avoidance, evasion and non-compliance Regulatory compliance for Private Client Budgets and Finance Bills Charity and philanthropy Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland International Question of the week Additional Private Client updates this week Daily and weekly news alerts LexTalk®Private Client: a Lexis+® community New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Probate Bereaved Partner’s Paternity Leave Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/237): these Regulations create a new statutory entitlement for an employee to take time off to care for a child during the first year following birth, placement for adoption, or arrival in Great Britain for an overseas adoption, where the child’s primary carer has died (bereaved partner’s paternity leave). They take effect on 6 April 2026. See: LNB News 15/01/2026 18. Trusts Representation orders...

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NEWS
UK Supreme Court: ITEPA s 471(3) deeming rule prevails; employer or connected-person share options are employment-related and subject to income tax (HMRC v Vermilion Holdings)

HMRC v Vermilion Holdings Ltd [2023] UKSC 37 Background This appeal revolved around the construction of ITEPA 2003, s 471. That provision identifies when an option to obtain securities (including company shares) is given ‘by reason of employment’ and so chargeable to income tax rather than capital gains tax. In 2006, Vermilion Holdings Ltd (Vermilion) granted Quest Advantage Ltd (Quest) an option to acquire shares in Vermilion (the 2006 Option). By late 2006, Vermilion’s performance had deteriorated. As part of a rescue funding arrangement, Vermilion and Quest agreed to vary the 2006 Option. In July 2007, they executed a fresh option agreement (the 2007 Option), under which Quest subscribed for a new class of Vermilion shares and the 2006 Option lapsed. In 2016, Quest assigned the 2007 Option to Mr Noble. Quest sought HMRC’s confirmation that the assignment fell within capital gains tax. HMRC refused, stating it was within income tax because it had been conferred on Mr Noble due to his role as a director of Quest. Quest...

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View the related Practice Notes about Share option

PRACTICE NOTES
UK Employee Share Schemes on Interposing a New Holding Company: EMI, CSOP, SAYE, SIP, Rollover and Tax Considerations

Why do companies have reorganisations? Groups of companies carry out reorganisations for numerous and varied reasons. These steps will frequently have implications for existing share plans and other employee equity arrangements. In some instances, the consequences are commercial in nature. Examples include: the reorganisation prompting early vesting, exercise and/or lapse of awards because the relevant provisions in the share plan rules on a change in control of the parent company, or on the participant’s employment ending, have been engaged; and a requirement for awards over shares in the current parent to be swapped for awards over shares in a newly formed parent company. In certain situations, if the right steps are not taken within a defined period, valuable tax advantages may ultimately be lost entirely. Common types of reorganisation The most frequent forms of reorganisation include the following: placing a new group holding or parent entity above an existing company or group, often to enable an initial...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Schedule 2 SIP guidance transition: ESSUM v ETASSUM comparison, cross-references and material changes under FA 2014 self-certification (UK; archived December 2015)

ARCHIVED : This archived Practice Note offers context on the key distinctions between the SIP guidance in ESSUM and the places it can now be located within ETASSUM. It also sets out any material differences in the guidance. This Practice Note reflects the position as at December 2015 and is intended solely for background reference. Background On 28 October 2015, HMRC announced a new Employee Tax Advantaged Share Scheme User Manual (ETASSUM), which is available on its Gov.uk website. At the time of writing, the earlier guidance in ESSUM remains live and can still be accessed. As its name suggests, ETASSUM covers enterprise management incentives (EMI) schemes, company share option plans (CSOPs), save as you earn (SAYE) schemes and share incentive plans (SIPs). ETASSUM is not yet in its final form and, at the time of preparing this Practice Note, certain links are still missing. Each page contains a feedback link that can be used to alert HMRC to any problems. The table below presents a summary...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Share-based remuneration for UK non-executive directors: independence, employees’ share scheme status, Listing/AIM, UK MAR, pre-emption, financial assistance, FSMA, disclosure and practical structuring options

Meaning of ‘non-executive director’ The broad definition of ‘director’ is not closed. Under the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006), a director is any person who occupies the office of director, whatever title they hold. Accordingly, this covers both executive and non-executive directors (NEDs). Executive directors are typically authorised, either by the company’s constitution or by authority delegated from the board, to manage the company’s day-to-day affairs, and they usually have a full-time service contract. NEDs generally: have no executive powers play a pivotal role in the company’s corporate governance are not employees of the company There are a number of challenges around granting shares to NEDs. This Practice Note considers the issues to assess when offering shares or share-based remuneration to NEDs, including: the potential impact on the NED’s independence the share dealing provisions of Assimilated Regulation (EU) 596/2014 for the UK, and the Market Abuse Regulation (Regulation (EU) 596/2014) previously and for the EU ...

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View the related Precedents about Share option

PRECEDENTS
LTIP Option Certificate Template: Vesting, Performance Targets, Exercise Restrictions, Holding Period, Cessation of Employment, and Tax/NICs Indemnity

[ insert name of company who granted the option pursuant to the long term incentive plan (LTIP) ] ( Company ) [ insert name of LTIP ] ( Plan ) Name Number of Shares under Option Option Price per Share Date of Grant Normal Vesting date [ , subject to satisfaction of Performance Targets ] End of Holding Period We hereby confirm that you hold an Option permitting you to acquire up to the maximum number of Shares in [ insert name of Company whose shares are being granted under option ] as shown in the table above. The Option was issued on the Date of Grant set out above under a global deed of grant entered into by the Company [ and is conditional upon the Performance Target(s) attached to this certificate ]. The Option Price due per Share when the Option is exercised is likewise specified in the table above...

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PRECEDENTS
Template covering letter for standalone EMI option grants: UK tax schedule, disqualifying events, working time declaration, exit/exercise conditions and execution formalities

[ insert date of letter ] [ insert name of employee ] [ insert address of employee ] Dear [ insert name of employee ] [ insert name of Company ] (the Company ) I am pleased to inform you that the directors of the Company have authorised the award of an enterprise management incentives (EMI) option ( Option ) to you. Enclosed is a copy of the option agreement, which must be signed by you and the Company for the grant of the Option to become effective. The Option gives you the right to purchase [ insert maximum number and class of shares which can be exercised pursuant to the Option agreement ] shares in the Company ( Shares ) at a price of [ insert exercise price of shares ] per Share [ upon an ‘Exit’ event of the Company (which broadly means a takeover of the Company [ , an asset sale or a listing of its shares ] [ , a...

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PRECEDENTS
Precedent mutual put and call option agreement over private company shares with auditor/expert fair value pricing (England and Wales)

This [ Agreement OR DEED ] is entered into on [ insert day and month ] 20[ insert year ] Parties [ insert name of buyer ] [ of [ insert address ] OR trading as [ insert trading name ] of [ insert address ] OR a firm with its principal place of business at [ insert address of firm ] OR [ an LLP OR a company ] incorporated in [ insert place of incorporation, eg England and Wales ] with registered number [ insert registered number ] whose registered office is at [ insert address ] ] (the Buyer); and [ insert name of seller ] [ of [ insert address ] OR trading as [ insert trading name ] of [ insert address ] OR a firm with its principal place of business at [ insert address of firm ] OR [ an LLP OR a company ] incorporated in [ insert place of incorporation, eg England and Wales ] with...

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View the related Q&As about Share option

Q&As
HMRC ERS return: section for SAR/RSU grant or exercise/vesting

The appropriate section of the HMRC annual return to complete hinges on whether the relevant share appreciation right (SAR) or restricted stock unit (RSU) constitutes a securities option for the purposes of s 420(8) of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003. In both scenarios, the award counts as a securities option if it grants a legal entitlement to obtain shares, and this, in turn, is determined in practice by the precise terms of the award concerning the method by which settlement may actually occur...

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Q&As
When can an EMI scheme be registered on HMRC ERS online?

Under the enterprise management incentives (EMI) legislation There is no requirement to register an EMI scheme with HMRC until the point at which the first EMI option(s) are granted under the arrangement (see paragraph 44 of Schedule 5, Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003, and HMRC guidance at ETASSUM56010). That said, in practical terms, an EMI scheme can be regarded as ‘existing’ from the moment it has been duly adopted by the company in accordance with its constitution—regardless of whether any options have then been granted under it at all...

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