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Show of hands meaning

What does Show of hands mean?
A show of hands is the in‑room method of deciding a resolution at a company general meeting: the chair counts the hands of those present and entitled to vote. It is a descriptive company law term reflected in the Companies Act 2006 (UK) and the Companies Act 2014 (Ireland) and commonly adopted by articles of association. Key features: - One person, one vote: each member present in person has one vote, irrespective of shareholding. - Proxies may vote on a show of hands. A proxy has one vote; where appointed by more than one member with differing instructions, statutory rules and the articles permit separate votes to reflect those instructions. - Corporate members vote through corporate representatives; where multiple representatives are appointed, they may vote differently on a show of hands in accordance with statute and the articles. A show of hands reflects headcount rather than votes per share, so it is quick but may not mirror economic ownership. Any poll vote (one vote per share) that is properly demanded under statute or the articles displaces a show of hands. Show of hands voting does not apply to written resolutions of private companies. Usage and effect are broadly consistent across England &...
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NEWS
First Czech decision on generative AI copyright: only natural persons can be authors; DALL-E image not protected; prompts alone are unprotectable 'themes'

In this matter, the claimant created an image using the DALL-E software application. The instruction read: 'produce a depiction of two parties signing a commercial contract in a formal environment, such as a conference room or a law firm office in Prague. Show only hands'. The claimant subsequently uploaded the resulting image to their own website. The defendant took the image from the claimant’s site and published it on their own. The claimant objected and, asserting authorship of the AI-generated picture, thereafter required that it be removed and not any longer shared or distributed or otherwise made available without their permission as author...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Virtual and hybrid AGMs and general meetings under the Companies Act 2006: legal risks, investor guidance, amending articles, market trends and practical planning

This Practice Note reviews the legal framework and institutional investor expectations on running fully virtual or hybrid general meetings and annual general meetings (AGMs), drawing together current practice and guidance. Demand from shareholders and other corporate stakeholders to conduct gatherings through electronic communication has risen markedly in recent years, reflecting shifting preferences and practical realities. That underlying shift was then sharply hastened by the coronavirus pandemic across the market. Holding electronic meetings—Companies Act 2006 Prior to the coronavirus crisis, a handful of FTSE 350 issuers had already trialled electronic formats, from streaming physical meetings online (webcasts) to hybrid arrangements allowing shareholders to take part in person or virtually, both options running in parallel. In 2016, Jimmy Choo plc staged the first fully virtual AGM, sparking extensive discussion about the fairness and efficacy of remote participation. For some companies and investors, hybrid or exclusively virtual meetings and AGMs are appealing because members may find access simpler in many instances, and because avoiding a large in-person event, or dispensing with...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Voting at company general meetings: show of hands or poll? Advantages, disadvantages and practical solutions — CGI archived guidance (2003, updated 2013)

ARCHIVED: This retired guidance, first issued in December 2003 and revised in 2013, created by The Chartered Governance Institute (previously ICSA: The Governance Institute) (CGI)...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Proxy voting at UK company general meetings: show of hands versus polls, multiple proxies, joint holders, voting instructions, and traded company requirements under Companies Act 2006 and Listing Rules

Under the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006), the method by which a proxy can vote at a general meeting, including an AGM, is set out. Beyond the statute, a company may grant wider rights to members or proxies through its articles of association. Traded companies must also meet further obligations in the CA 2006, and the relevant UK Listing Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Financial Reporting Council's UK Corporate Governance Code on proxy voting. This Practice Note summarises those additional requirements. For specimen proxy forms, see Precedents: Short-form proxy form – general meeting of a private company or unlisted public company Long-form proxy form – general meeting of a private company or unlisted public company Proxy form – general meeting of a listed public company This Practice Note does not address appointing a proxy; see Practice Note: Appointing a proxy. Voting rights Voting on a show of hands Subject to a company's articles of...

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PRECEDENTS
Companies Act 2006 Model Articles of Association for a Private Company Limited by Shares: directors and shareholders’ decision-making, share capital, transfers, dividends, meetings, administration, indemnity and insurance

Index to the articles Part 1: Interpretation and limitation of liability — defines the expressions used throughout and confirms members’ liability is limited to any unpaid amount on their shares Part 2: Directors — covers directors’ authority, shareholders’ reserve powers, delegation and committees; collective and unanimous decisions, meetings, participation, quorum, chairing, casting vote, conflicts, records and procedural rules; appointment and termination, remuneration and expenses Part 3: Shares and distributions — requires shares to be fully paid; permits varied classes and redemption; recognises only absolute ownership; sets out certificates, replacements, transfers and transmission; explains declaring and paying dividends, no interest, unclaimed sums, non-cash distributions, waivers, and capitalisation of profits Part 4: Decision-making by shareholders — provides for speaking and voting at general meetings, quorum, chairing, attendance by directors and others, and adjournment; voting on a show of hands or by poll, handling of errors, proxy content and delivery, and allowable amendments Part 5: Administrative arrangements — permitted means of communication, use of company seals,...

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PRECEDENTS
Offer document precedent for UK takeover: recommended cash offer with loan note alternative, CREST election procedures, English law loan note terms, overseas restrictions and UK tax

Definitions Alternative TTE instruction – a TTE instruction that meets the criteria specified in paragraph [13.2(c)] of Part II of the Offer Document. Loan Note Alternative – an option under the Offer allowing Offeree Shareholders to choose Loan Notes instead of some or all of the cash consideration otherwise payable, with further particulars set out in [Appendix X] to this document. Loan Noteholder – any person in whose name Loan Notes are held. Loan Note Instrument – the instrument creating the Loan Notes, to be executed by [Offeror] once the Offer has become, or is declared, unconditional. Loan Notes – the notes to be issued by [Offeror] pursuant to the Loan Note Alternative. Noteholder Resolution – either: (a) a resolution passed at a duly convened meeting of Loan Noteholders in accordance with the Loan Note Instrument and approved by not less than 75% of those voting (on a show of hands or, if a poll is demanded, 75% of votes cast); or...

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PRECEDENTS
AGM chair’s script for UK companies: conducting business and show-of-hands voting, with poll procedures and standard resolutions

For the Annual General Meeting of [ Name of company ] scheduled for [ Date ] at [ venue ] 1 Introduction Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am [ insert name ], the Chair of [ insert name of company ]. The time is now [ insert the exact time ], which is [ just past ] the scheduled start of the Annual General Meeting of [ insert company name ]. 2 Quorum Having confirmed with the Company Secretary/advisers/registrars, a quorum is present, and I therefore declare the meeting open. 3 Housekeeping Before we begin, I would like to cover a few practical matters. Fire exits are located [ [ over there ] OR [ insert location ] ], and no fire drill is planned for this morning. May I ask everyone to ensure mobile phones are switched off. Thank you. [ [ You may wish to note that this meeting is being recorded so that those shareholders and interested parties who are...

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