special measures meaning

How to use this Checklist Establishing a website can deliver substantial advantages for a business’s online presence. However, in the process a business may face infringing behaviour by competitors or others, including AI-enabled scraping of content. This Checklist sets out the main matters to weigh up when handling or acquiring website materials—such as programme code, text, graphics, images and multimedia. Pinpoint intellectual property rights (IPRs) and ownership; technical protection measures (TPMs); terms of use; special contractual terms; monitoring; copyright policy; data privacy; intellectual property notices; taking action against infringers; domain names. It does not address issues relating to website development, compliance or management, nor the use or upload of user-generated content. If dealing with website development or with website management and compliance, see: Practice Note: Website design and development Websites and the internet—issues to consider—flowchart Website terms and conditions—checklist, and Website development agreement—checklist The third...

This Checklist summarises the principal due diligence considerations for listed building consent in Scotland. It identifies when consent is needed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 (P(LBCA)(S)A 1997), including for demolition, and for alterations or extensions that affect a building’s character. It highlights the implications of undertaking works without consent or contrary to its terms, such as enforcement measures, potential criminal liability, and the absence of any limitation period for action. It also addresses planning authority powers where a listed building is in disrepair, how possible contraventions are uncovered through enquiries and searches, and what a client-facing due diligence report should cover. It forms part of a broader set of Scottish planning guidance, see: Planning for property lawyers in Scotland-collection. Is listed building consent required? P(LBCA)(S)A 1997, s 6 provides that no person shall undertake, or cause to be undertaken, any works for: the demolition of a listed building, or its alteration or extension in any manner that would...

Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf , decision of 17 June 2024, 26 W 7/24 What are the practical implications of this case? Although the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf reaffirmed the established approach of German courts to (anti-) anti-suit injunctions, the ruling gains special significance because it addresses Russia. During the last two and a half years, the EU has introduced sweeping sanctions on Russia following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Since then, arbitration proceedings brought by EU entities against their former Russian business partners have grown significantly. To offset EU sanctions and safeguard their positions, Russian parties possess a potent tool: Articles 248.1 and 248.2 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation confer a right to seek an anti-suit injunction where foreign arbitration has been commenced against a Russian respondent and either that respondent’s access, or the access to justice of persons involved, is hindered by restrictive measures at the chosen seat of arbitration. In effect, these rules enable Russian parties to unilaterally erode arbitration agreements...

Restructuring & Insolvency weekly highlights—27 November 2025 In this issue: Key R&I law developments Insolvency litigation Restructuring Directors and insolvency The office-holder Financial institutions R&I in Scotland Daily and weekly news alerts Key dates for restructuring and insolvency professionals New content New Q&As Key R&I law developments Budget 2025—key Restructuring & Insolvency announcements On 26 November 2025, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon Rachel Reeves MP, set out measures of note for restructuring and insolvency practitioners. Plans cover business rates changes, hiring extra Insolvency Service staff to combat abusive phoenixism and rogue directors, the creation of the Public Authorities Fraud Investigation and Enforcement Service, and adjustments to National Insurance Contributions. See: LNB News 26/11/2025 65. Council of the EU agrees directive harmonising insolvency law across member states Negotiators for the Council of the EU and the European Parliament have reached a provisional deal on a directive aligning...

In this issue: Autumn Budget 2024 Social care Social housing Education Governance Children’s social care Healthcare Pensions Planning LexTalk®Local Government: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Latest Q&A Autumn Budget 2024 Welsh Government responds to Autumn Budget 2024 The Welsh Government has issued a written statement from the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Welsh Language, Mark Drakeford, addressing the Autumn Budget 2024. Wales will receive an extra £774m. Drakeford characterises the Budget as a positive boost for Wales, supporting citizens, communities, local enterprises and public services across the country nationwide. See: LNB News 31/10/2024 33. Social care When is a private care provider exercising a public function for the purposes of section 6 Human Rights Act 1998? (Sammut v Next Steps Mental Healthcare Ltd) Because the provider did not validly obtain authorisation for depriving a patient of liberty in its...

This Practice Note sets out when the court may issue directions about the proper treatment and questioning of a witness or defendant at a ground rules hearing, explains the procedural framework for such hearings, and outlines the directions that might be made in a particular case. Those directions form part of a wider suite of special measures intended to support the effective participation of a vulnerable witness or defendant in criminal proceedings, where necessary and proportionate. For detail on other special measures available in criminal cases, see Practice Notes: Special measures and Special measures for the accused. The procedural scheme for a ground rules hearing appears in Part 3 of the Criminal Procedure Rules 2025 (CrimPR 2025), SI 2025/909, with further guidance in Part 6 of the Criminal Practice Directions 2023 (CPD 2023). Additional guidance is available in the Crown Court Compendium Part I and the Equal Treatment Bench Book. Duty to facilitate participation When preparing for trial, the court must take all reasonable steps to enable the...

This Practice Note looks at the tasks of pinpointing and interviewing potential witnesses, working with them on their witness statements, and supporting them to give evidence in court. For direction on preparing trial witness statements in the Business and Property Courts, see Practice Note: Trial witness statements in the Business and Property Courts under CPR PD 57AC. It should also be read alongside Practice Note: Courts’ power to manage factual evidence, which explains the courts’ authority to control factual evidence under CPR 32.1 and CPR 32.2(3). Choosing witnesses Witness testimony at trial can be decisive for the success or failure of a claim or the defence of it. This Practice Note outlines how to collaborate effectively with a witness when preparing such evidence. Importance of planning witness evidence In claims that turn mainly on facts, outcome may hinge on whether a particular witness is regarded as credible by the court. Securing witness evidence should be considered at a very early point in the proceedings...

Water pollution Polluted water can kill fish and other aquatic life, harm habitats, threaten drinking supplies, lower water quality and foul beaches. Many kinds of contaminant can enter waters—chemicals, microplastics, petrol, oils and fats, ammonia in sewage, mine waste, nitrates from farming and solid waste. Definitions of water ‘Controlled waters’ Relevant territorial waters (seawater to three nautical miles) Coastal waters (eg tidal waters) Inland freshwaters (rivers, streams, watercourses, lakes and ponds) Groundwaters (water stored in rock layers beneath soil) Section 104 of the Water Resources Act 1991 (WRA 1991) ‘Surface water’ Inland waters (all standing or flowing surface water, except groundwater) Transitional waters (partly saline estuaries substantially influenced by freshwater flows) Coastal waters (water up to one mile seaward) The Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) Regulations 2017, SI 2017/407, Sch 1 ‘Groundwater’ — all water below the ground surface...

We must know exactly what personal data we possess so we can lawfully put measures in place to safeguard it... Please complete this questionnaire by [ insert date ] and return it to [ insert name or email address ]... The table below clarifies some of the terminology used in the questionnaire; if you have any questions, please contact [ insert name or email address ]... Term — Explanation Personal data – Information relating to an identified or identifiable living individual... Special category personal data – Personal data disclosing racial or ethnic background, political views, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership; data concerning health, a natural person's sex life or sexual orientation; biometric information processed to uniquely identify a person; genetic information... Data retention schedule – Internal guidelines stating how long data can be kept, which can be found [ state location, eg on our intranet ]... 1 Employees, workers and external consultants Do you store...