System Operator meaning

The Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (IPA 2016) revamped the legal regime regulating covert surveillance by public authorities. IPA 2016 superseded large parts of the framework previously, though not solely, contained in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA 2000). See Practice Note: The regulation of intelligence gathering—an introductory guide. This note outlines the offences introduced by IPA 2016. For details of general sentencing limits in a magistrates’ court, see Practice Note: Sentences imposed following conviction—General limits on magistrates’ courts powers to impose custodial sentences following conviction... Section Offence Statutory defence Maximum sentence IPA 2016, s 3 — Unlawful interception: a person, by conduct in the UK, deliberately intercepts a communication during its transmission without lawful authority. Defence: where the individual has the right to control the operation or use of the system, or had that person’s express or implied consent to carry out the interception. Maximum sentence: on summary conviction, a fine; on indictment, up to two years’ imprisonment and/or a...

In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Air emissions, efficiency and climate change Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem consults on gas transporter licence metering duties Ofgem has launched a consultation on proposed amendments to the Gas Transporter Licence held by National Grid Gas Plc, addressing metering obligations within the Standard Special and Special Conditions, several of which are scheduled to sunset on 31 December 2024. The consultation closes on 2 September 2024. See: LNB News 06/08/2024 4. Ofgem decision on ESO RIGs and RRPs for RIIO-2 Ofgem has confirmed its decision on updated versions of National Grid Electricity System Operator Limited’s Regulatory Instructions and Guidance and Regulatory Reporting Pack for RIIO-2. The updates account for costs linked to New Roles, the Future System Operation transition, National Grid payments, and the...

In this issue Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Nuclear energy International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials National Grid has unveiled a strategic tie-up between its Distribution System Operator (DSO) and Electron to boost the scale and value of flexibility for system operators and flexibility service providers (FSPs) by enabling market interoperability. Electron will link its flexibility market platform, ElectronConnect, with the DSO’s Market Gateway, giving FSPs wider choice in how they access and engage with flexibility on the electricity distribution network. The collaboration also aims to reduce entry hurdles and drive broader market participation. See: LNB News 02/05/2024 7. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem has opened a consultation...

PI & Clinical Negligence weekly highlights—24 July 2025 In this issue: Key PI and Clinical negligence developments Occupational disease Accidents abroad Other PI and Clinical negligence news LexTalk® PI & Clinical Negligence: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts LexisNexis® Webinars Useful information Key PI and Clinical negligence developments SI 2025/893 (Civil Procedure (Amendment No 2) Rules 2025) modifies the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, SI 1998/3132, revising Rule 2.8 (time) and Rule 5.5 (filing and sending documents) to reflect the roll-out of new Practice Direction 5C covering the CE-File electronic filing and case management system, following its piloting under Practice Direction 51O (electronic working pilot scheme). The changes come into force in part on 12 September 2025, and in full on 1 October 2025. Refer to LNB News 22/07/2025 19 for details. NHS Resolution publishes Annual Report and Accounts for 2024/25 NHS Resolution has issued its Annual Report and Accounts for 2024/25,...

Introduction Environmental permitting is among the principal environmental regulatory frameworks in the UK. Its purpose is to oversee and limit pollution and emissions into the environment arising from industrial and other operations across the UK. It forms a central strand of UK business regulation, created to manage and oversee activities that could pollute the environment or pose risks to human health. Permits place a suite of conditions on the design and build, running and, in due course, closure of a regulated installation, as well as stipulating how regulated activities are undertaken. The main regulators are the Environment Agency (EA) in England, Natural Resources Body for Wales (NRW), the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). Local authorities likewise regulate the less polluting processes and sites. The lead government departments/bodies (the appropriate authorities) are the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for England together with the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (the Secretary of State); Welsh Ministers; Scottish Ministers;...

The Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System (PISCES) is a five-year sandbox for financial market infrastructure, created to support periodic secondary dealing in the shares of private companies. Put in place under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 through the Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System Sandbox Regulations 2025 SI 2025/583 (the PISCES Regulations 2025), the regime aims to bridge the ‘liquidity gap’ between fully private capital markets and the UK’s public markets, including AIM and the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market for listed securities. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) oversees and administers PISCES and, in June 2025, published its final rules for the sandbox within the PISCES Sourcebook (PS), alongside consequential amendments to the FCA Handbook, as detailed in FCA Policy Statement PS25/6: Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System: Sandbox Arrangements (June 2025). This Practice Note outlines the PISCES regime, setting out the regulatory framework and offering practical guidance on how it is intended to operate....

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is not being maintained. STOP PRESS: From 1 April 2019, National Grid Electricity System Operator (NGESO) became a distinct legal entity within the National Grid Group, separating the system operator (SO) and transmission owner (TO) functions previously held by National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (NGET). NGESO now acts as SO, while NGET continues as TO. Accordingly, this Practice Note is being revised. For details of the consequences of the split, see Practice Note: The Split of National Grid’s Transmission Owner (TO) and System Operator (SO) Roles and Licences [Archived]. This Energy consultation tracker presents the current position and latest developments for key consultations opened from 1 January 2017 by government departments, regulators and other bodies relating to energy law and policy in England and Wales. For consultations opened in 2018, see Practice Note: Energy consultations tracker 2018 [Archived]. For those opened in 2016, see Practice Note: Energy consultations tracker 2016 [Archived]. Closed consultations Entries are listed in...

ARCHIVED: This Precedent has been archived and is no longer maintained [ ISSUER ] Offering (the ‘Offering’) of [ ● ] global depositary receipts (the ‘GDRs’), with each GDR evidencing an interest in [ ● ] ordinary share[s] of nominal value [ ● ] (the ‘Shares’). 1 Parties involved in the offering Issuer ( ILC ) Custodian ( Custodian ) Clearstream Banking, société anonyme ( Clearstream, Luxembourg ) Issuer’s Counsel ( IC ) Manager’s Counsel ( MC ) Euroclear BankS.A./N.V. as operator of the Euroclear System ( Euroclear ) Issuer ( Company ) Selling Shareholder (Selling Shareholder) Manager 1 ‘ [ ● ] ’ and ‘ Stabilisation Manager ’ Manager 2 ‘ [ ● ] ’ and ‘ Settlement Agent ’ London Stock Exchange ( LSE ) Manager 1 and 2 ( Managers ) Depository ( Depository ) The Depository Trust Company ( DTC ) Financial Conduct Authority ( FCA )...