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International surrogacy—older intended parents: EWHC emphasises need for estate planning, incapacity and death provisions before parental orders (England and Wales)

Published on: 30 May 2025

Published by a LexisNexis Family expert
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Mr and Mrs K v Mr and Mrs Z [2025] EWHC 927 (Fam) What are the practical implications of this case?

This decision has concrete practical significance, as Knowles J has added three further points to the non‑exhaustive list set out by Mrs Justice Theis in Re Z (Foreign Surrogacy) [2024] EWFC 304, [2025] 1 FLR 900, a list which was then further developed by the President in Re Z (Unlawful Foreign Surrogacy: Adoption) [2025] EWHC 339 (Fam), for consideration by intended parents when they contemplate international surrogacy. Those considerations are expressed as practical questions:

  • what measures have the intended parents taken in relation to estate planning — both before and after a parental order — to secure the child’s future welfare?
  • what steps have the intended parents made regarding future care and financial arrangements for the child if one (or both) intended parents become incapacitated?
  • what steps have the intended parents put in place concerning future care and financial arrangements for the child should one (or both) intended parents die?

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