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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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The government has issued the Critical Infrastructure Bill 2026 ( Ireland), together with circulars, as a follow-on to the Accelerating Infrastructure Action Plan. Its purpose is to tackle delay, fragmentation and sequencing risks in delivering State infrastructure (meaning any infrastructure that allows the State’s essential facilities and systems to operate effectively, including transport facilities; energy generation, transmission and distribution systems; and water supply, wastewater and waste management systems). The Bill would cover projects and programmes financed through capital investment by, or on behalf of, the State, or by, or on behalf of, a public body (as defined in the Bill). Designation mechanism The government may, by order, designate a specified project or programme as a critical infrastructure project or critical infrastructure programme. Such designation would be on foot of a recommendation from the Minister for Public Expenditure,...
Introduction EU Law analysis: This News Analysis provides a round-up of key developments in the EU during 2025 and looks ahead to what is coming up in 2026 across the EU. For further details of significant developments relevant to EU Law, see: Trackers and horizon scanning ( EU Law)—overview. Further updates and analysis are available via our current awareness alerts and highlights. Go to ‘ Create Alert’ on your ‘ Alerts’ tab and amend your personal settings to subscribe for updates. EU fundamentals What were the key developments in 2025? European Commission 2026 Work Programme On 21 October 2025, the Commission has adopted its 2026 Work Programme, setting out a new plan for Europe’s sustainable prosperity, competitiveness and resilience. Building on its previous efforts under the 2024–2029 Political Guidelines, the 2026 Work Programme aims to strengthen Europe’s technological autonomy, energy security and social cohesion, while driving...
Following our earlier note on Tax Measures to Support the Housing Market within the Finance Bill 2025, this update sets out the final legislative provisions introduced to the Bill after Committee Stage changes. The Bill has now cleared Dáil Éireann and features tax measures to boost housing delivery and regeneration. It outlines definitive provisions now reflected in the finalised legislation, following the Committee Stage. VAT reduction for new apartment sales Budget 2026 confirmed a cut in VAT from 13.5% to 9% on sales of new apartments. Since its initial unveiling, the scope has been broadened to include construction services associated with new apartments. Initially, the relief applied solely to supplying apartments delivered under a social policy. The Bill now provides that from 8 October 2025 to 25 November 2025 the new VAT rate applies to the supply of qualifying new apartments; from 26 November 2025...
Disputes & Investigations— Irish High Court refuses to grant injunction allowing a commercial tenant a ‘free ride’ in Dublin properties In Perfect Stripe Limited t/a Grafter v Fennell & others [2025] IEHC 585, the Commercial Court ( Mr Justice Twomey) declined an interim injunction sought by a tenant aiming to retake three Dublin office premises from receivers who had assumed control after more than €3m in rent went unpaid. Key takeaways Another clear signal from the Irish High Court of the premium placed on certainty in leases, ensuring the documents reflect precisely what the parties mean. Non‑payment of reserved rent as and when due poses a substantial obstacle for a tenant seeking to curb the actions of a lawfully appointed receiver over the asset. At the injunction stage, the court gives marked emphasis to the black‑letter terms of the contract, as it cannot determine contested...
The permit-granting procedure The permit-granting process covers all requisite administrative authorisations to build, repower and run renewable energy plants, including those that combine several renewable sources, heat pumps, and co-located energy storage (power and thermal). It also extends to the assets needed to connect these plants, heat pumps and storage to the grid, and to embed renewable energy into heating and cooling networks, encompassing grid-connection consents and, where necessary, environmental assessments. The procedure includes every administrative stage, starting with the acknowledgement that the permit application is complete and concluding with the competent authority’s notification of the final decision on the outcome of the permit-granting process. Deadlines for the permit-granting procedure and overriding public interest RED III sets deadlines for the permit-granting procedure......
Full press release follows: Commission urges IRELAND, LATVIA and PORTUGAL to fully transpose EU rules accelerating permitting procedures for renewable energy projects Today, the European Commission chose to send reasoned opinions to Ireland ( INFR(2024)0231), Latvia ( INFR(2024)0237) and Portugal ( INFR(2024)0245) because they have not fully transposed into national legislation the provisions of the revised Renewable Energy Directive on simplifying and accelerating permitting procedures in law......
Octopus Renewables Infrastructure Trust plc stated that the 32.6 megawatt Irishtown site will be the sixth asset the company holds within the Ballymacarney solar farm. The firm noted it is acquiring the site through a forward purchase agreement. This structure permits completion of the acquisition in full once the project has then successfully finished its operational testing......
Late last year, the Home Office issued a policy paper. It was triggered by a House of Lords committee review into the effect of MSA 2015. While the committee hailed MSA 2015 as pioneering, it emphasised that ‘the world has changed and best practice has moved on’. It urged government to introduce ‘proportionate sanctions’ for organisations that fail to comply with the Act’s obligations; most notably the annual requirement for companies to report on measures to identify and prevent modern slavery. The report also portrays a ‘current approach of no enforcement’ in relation to MSA 2015. Under the Act, businesses with turnover exceeding £36m must publish a yearly slavery and human trafficking statement. However, it does not set out what that statement must contain. The policy paper further notes that, although the Home Secretary can seek an injunction to enforce...
The European Commission has outlined a programme to boost sustainable, resilient European production and to advance competitiveness and decarbonisation, through a Clean Industrial Deal alongside an Action Plan for Affordable Energy. Among the targets for reform is the regime governing public procurement. It intends to table a proposal to amend the Public Procurement Framework. The measure is described as a 'revision of Public Procurement Directives to mainstream the use of non-price criteria', scheduled for completion by Q4 2026. The purpose is to permit sustainability, resilience, and European preference criteria within EU public tenders for strategic sectors. A further objective is to consolidate the existing public procurement provisions......
The Commission indicated intentions to advance decarbonisation, electrification and competitiveness through a Communication on the Clean Industrial Deal and an Action Plan for Affordable Energy. A core objective is to bolster sustainable and resilient production across Europe. Six levers to underpin the industrial ecosystem are being pursued, notably affordable energy and access to finance. Importantly, options for channelling investment into grid development will be examined. The Commission further notes that rapidly scaling PPAs and Cf Ds is essential to make clean energy generation more appealing for industrial consumers. It pledges to streamline State aid rules by June 2025 to hasten the roll-out of renewable energy, deliver industrial decarbonisation and secure adequate clean tech manufacturing capacity. On renewable gas, Q1 2025 will bring a delegated act on low carbon hydrogen to clarify production rules, aiming to provide certainty for investors. A third call under the...
The Irish housebuilder said the buyback includes a new €40m repurchase plan together with the remaining €5m from its prior buyback initiative announced in the 2023 financial year. The share reacquisition programme, to be executed by Goodbody Stockbrokers UC and Numis Securities Ltd, could run until 30 June 2025, subject to elements such as trading conditions and the group’s continuing capital needs. Legal counsel details for Cairn were not immediately available. ' The aim of the share buyback programme is to reduce the company’s issued capital', Cairn said, adding that the repurchased stock will be cancelled. Cairn could initially......
This Joint Statement This Joint Statement signals a fresh and decisive move towards deeper co-operation in offshore wind energy and the ambition set out at the Ostend Summit in April 2023 to turn the North Sea into a major, truly sustainable power station. Belgium, Ireland and the UK resolutely pledge to deliver net zero emissions in their electricity sectors, strengthen the security of electricity supply, scale up renewable electricity, and secure competitively priced power. The Joint Statement sets a comprehensive framework for further detailed discussions and careful, thorough planning of the infrastructure needed to link wind farms to the Princess Elisabeth Energy Island. It highlights the readiness of the three nations to pursue shared objectives for a sustainable energy transition and the wider use of renewable resources. Stakeholders also agree to create a working group to report on shared challenges,...
It speaks to the current moment that a study by the UN Environment Programme ( UNEP) and Columbia Law School’s Sabin Center for Climate Change recorded 2,180 climate change legal actions pending between 2020 and 2022. The number underscores the magnitude of the matter in legal terms. On 9 April 2024, the European Court of Human Rights ( ECt HR) delivered, for the first time, rulings in three distinct climate cases: Duarte Agostinho and Others v Portugal and 32 Others Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz and Others v Switzerland Carême v France The ECt HR also set a landmark by becoming the first international court to grant a complaint brought by climate activists. Although two actions ( Agostinho and Carême) were struck out on procedural grounds, in all three matters the applicants alleged violations of human rights arising from states’ failures to take adequate measures to reduce...
If we are to deliver the Green Deal—and I regard it as vital to deliver the Green Deal in its entirety: everything it contains, within the timetable we have endorsed—we must have an economic foundation strong enough to support it, De Croo told a press conference in Brussels, convened to mark the ‘mid-term’ of the six‑month Belgian presidency of the EU. We must also retain heavy industry, for instance, here in Europe, he continued, arguing that if such firms shift to countries with laxer environmental rules, the planet will be worse off for it as a result overall......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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