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International arbitration update: key judgments on enforcement, arbitrability and public policy; AI in dispute resolution; global reforms; UNCITRAL electronic awards; practitioner resources

Published on: 06 November 2025

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International arbitration

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  • Hall, Moser & Wade: International Arbitration Handbook
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Australia—Enforcement of ICSID Awards and State Immunity

In Blasket Renewable Investments LLC v Kingdom of Spain [2025] FCA 1028, the Federal Court of Australia assessed Spain’s claim to sovereign immunity in proceedings to recognise and enforce intra‑EU International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes awards. Spain argued the awards were not binding or enforceable as EU law bars intra‑EU investment arbitration. The court rejected this, ruling the awards are binding under Article 53 of the ICSID Convention and enforceable in Australia under Article 54, as Spain, by entering the Convention, consented to enforcement jurisdiction and thus waived immunity. The court also dismissed reliance on EU law to resist enforcement, and confirmed that assigning two awards to Blasket did not impair their enforceability...

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