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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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State aid Commission consults on revised State aid rules for better access to affordable housing The Commission has opened a public consultation on suggested updates to the draft services of general economic interest ( SGEI) State aid rules designed to effectively tackle housing affordability challenges. Building on earlier stakeholder engagement, the move aims to address affordability pressures that go beyond conventional social housing provision alone......
Digital markets CMA publishes updated G7 compendium on competition in digital markets The CMA has issued a refreshed and updated edition of the G7 compendium setting out approaches to enhance competition within digital markets. Compiled by the Competition Bureau Canada for Canada’s 2025 G7 presidency, it succeeds earlier published versions overseen by the CMA (2021), the Bundeskartellamt (2022) and the Japan Fair Trade Commission (2023) respectively......
Mergers The CMA has opened a call for views regarding the proposed acquisition by Rhône Capital L. L. C...
Mergers The Commission has authorised: American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc to obtain sole control of Dowlais Group plc ( M.11981) following a phase I inquiry—see further, Midday Express Centrica plc and Bridgepoint Group to take joint control of National Grid Grain LNG and Thamesport Interchange Limited ( M.12155) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission has also received notifications in: LBO France Gestion/ EMZ Partners/ Heroiks ( M.12167) (simplified merger procedure) Temasek/ Brookfield/ Luminace ( M.12179) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU...
In this issue: UK antitrust UK mergers UK competition policy EU antitrust Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts UK antitrust CMA advises replacing assimilated EU TTBER with a new UK TTBEO The CMA has set out its recommendation to the Secretary of State to supersede the assimilated EU Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation ( Regulation 316/2014) ( TTBER), which is due to expire on 30 April 2026. Background The CMA proposes substituting the TTBER with a UK Technology Transfer Block Exemption Order ( TTBEO) lasting 12 years. The TTBEO would cover the same categories of technology transfer agreements as the TTBER, albeit with some adjustments. Proposed changes exclude utility models from the scope of ‘technology rights’ include ‘copyright in a database’ and ‘database rights’ within ‘technology rights’ and ‘intellectual property rights’ permit market share assessment to use a three-year average where single-year data is not...
Competition policy Co-operation memorandum on enforcing competition signed by CMA and JFTC. The CMA has agreed a formal memorandum of co-operation ( Mo C) with the Japan Fair Trade Commission ( JFTC)......
Antitrust General Court dismisses Laudomotion action against Commission’s rejection of Article 101 TFEU complaint The General Court delivered its judgment in Case T‑1026/23, Laudamotion v Commission, concerning a challenge to the Commission’s decision of 2 August 2023 to refuse a complaint filed by Laudamotion Gmb H ( Laudamotion). That complaint alleged an infringement of Article 101 TFEU by Lufthansa and Air Berlin on routes serving Vienna Airport ( Case AT.40612). The General Court dismissed the action in its entirety. Background By letter dated 25 September 2018, Laudamotion submitted to the Commission a complaint under Article 7(2) of Council Regulation 1/2003, requesting the opening of an investigation into an alleged anti‑competitive arrangement between Lufthansa and Air Berlin. In its submission, Laudamotion pointed out that, following notification by Lufthansa and Air Berlin, the Commission, the German competition authority and the Austrian competition authority had each concluded that a 2016 wet...
Antitrust CMA recommends replacement of assimilated EU TTBER with new UK TTBEO The CMA issued advice to the Secretary of State on replacing the assimilated EU Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation ( Regulation 316/2014) ( TTBER), which will expire on 30 April 2026. Background The CMA recommends substituting the TTBER with a UK Technology Transfer Block Exemption Order ( TTBEO) lasting 12 years, under which the same classes of technology transfer agreements would be exempt as under the TTBER, albeit with certain variations as proposed......
Mergers Constellation Developments Limited/ ABVR Holdings Limited meets the test for reference to phase 2 The CMA has concluded that the completed purchase by Constellation Developments Limited ( Constellation) of ABVER Holdings Limited ( Austin Bradley) meets the threshold required for a phase 2 reference under its test. Constellation sits within a broader group engaged in used vehicle remarketing and retail across the UK and Europe. It owns British Car Limited, a business-to-business ( B2B) used vehicle auction operator, and We Buy Any Car Limited (trading as webuyanycar), a consumer car-buying service......
Mergers The Commission approved: the purchase of exclusive control of Spectris plc by KKR & Co Inc. ...
Mergers The Commission approved the establishment of a joint venture by Meta Platforms, Inc and Reliance Industries Limited ( M.12070) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express. The Commission received notifications in: Ergo/ ASG/ BVV/ SPN ( M.12098) (simplified merger procedure) AAR/ Air France/ Xcelle Americas JV ( M.11887) (simplified merger procedure) AAR/ Air France/ Xcelle Asia JV ( M.11886) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates: For the timetable of forthcoming EU competition developments, see EU Competition calendar......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has now taken on requests for advisory reports relating to the following: the London Borough of Barnet regarding its planned subsidy for TBG Open Door Homes Ltd—see further, case page Great British Energy on its planned Offshore Wind and Related Network Sectors Supply Chain Subsidy Scheme—see further, case page NOTE— For every decision notified to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For timings of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
In this issue: UK mergers UK antitrust Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content UK mergers CMA issues final report in remittal of Spreadex/ Sporting Index merger; completed merger unwound The CMA has released its remittal final report following its phase 2 review of Spreadex Limited’s acquisition of the B2C operations of Sporting Index Limited, a transaction that had already completed. Both Spreadex and Sporting Index serve UK customers with fixed‑odds betting and sports spread betting. Spreadex also offers financial spread betting and casino betting. The pair are the only licensed providers of online sports spread betting services, and the CMA determined that any remaining competitive pressures from outside that market after the deal — including unlicensed sports spread betting operators, financial spread betting firms, and providers of sports fixed‑odds betting — are weak. On 22 November 2024, the CMA’s...
Digital markets CMA publishes SMS Levy Rules under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 The CMA has issued its SMS Levy Rules, alongside a digest of consultation feedback, outlining how levies will be calculated and paid by Strategic Market Status ( SMS) designated undertakings, pursuant to section 110 of the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 accordingly. Background Earlier in 2025, the CMA consulted on draft provisions, exploring whether the levy should be set by turnover, number of designations, or by share of designations overall. It favoured equal apportionment across SMS firms, prioritising simplicity and predictability overall......
Antitrust the Commission opens probe into SAP’s maintenance and support services for on-premises ERP software The Commission has initiated a formal inquiry into SAP’s behaviour in the aftermarket for maintenance and support tied to its on-premises ERP software, in which the Commission initially views SAP as occupying a dominant position. Background SAP is a Germany-based multinational that creates software applications for companies enabling businesses and firms to run their operations. This encompasses ERP software tools, supporting functions like overseeing corporate finances, human resources, and project management......
Mergers The CMA has issued a consultation seeking views to accept final undertakings on the remittal linked to its phase 2 investigation into Spreadex/ Sporting Index (remittal)—see the case page for more. Note— For all active mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For the schedule of upcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission approved an acquisition granting Apollo Capital Management, L. P. joint control over DHL Parcel UK Holding Limited and also EVRi Limited together ......
Mergers The Commission has received notification of the L- GAM/ Hayfin/ Vinventions transaction ( M.12171), proceeding under the simplified merger procedure. NOTE— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, consult the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid Applying EU State aid rules, the Commission has approved France’s support (€11.7m) for the manager of Carcassonne airport for 2001–2011. It also determined that certain agreements from the same period between Carcassonne airport and airlines operating there (including Ryanair) constituted incompatible State aid (around €1.8m). France must now recover this amount—see press release. An application has been filed before the General Court in Case T‑531/25, Merkur Spielbanken NRW v Commission, seeking annulment of the Commission’s decision in SA.48580— Alleged State aid to West Spiel—see application. NOTE— For all live State aid decisions and live formal State aid investigations, see the EU State aid...
Antitrust ORR unveils updated guidance on enforcing the Competition Act 1998 in the railway sector The Office of Rail and Road ( ORR) has released refreshed guidance, outlining its approach to enforcing the Competition Act 1998 in connection with the supply of railway services (the Guidance), replacing and updating its 2016 guidance document. Background The ORR holds, alongside the CMA, concurrent powers to apply and enforce the Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions of the Competition Act 1998 to the provision of services relating to railways in Great Britain......
Mergers The Commission approved the takeover, granting exclusive control over the UVEX WINTER HOLDING Gmb H & Co...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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