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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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What does the Market Standards Trend Report cover? Click here to download the full report in PDF format. This Market Standards Trend report delivers a concise snapshot of key data points concerning parallel merger investigations undertaken by the Competition and Markets Authority ( CMA) and the European Commission ( Commission) since the end of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020 ( Brexit). It focuses on: the frequency of divergent outcomes across parallel investigations assessment of parallel review cases featuring remedies or prohibitions headline timing statistics for parallel investigations how the parallel merger control landscape aligns with the CMA’s predicated case load four years post Brexit The report also includes market commentary from leading experts on how the CMA and the Commission have handled parallel cases over the four years since Brexit, alongside broad perspectives on what to...
Mergers The Commission has been notified of the following: APG REP/ Pimco PRE/ OMGH JV ( M.11648) — ordinary merger procedure Actis/ EDF/ Bharat Grid ( M.11962) — simplified merger procedure BWGI/ Verallia ( M.11960) — simplified merger procedure Apax Partners/ Norva24 Group ( M.11955) — simplified merger procedure Metinvest/ IB/ JV ( M.11817) — simplified merger procedure BNPP/ AXA IM ( M.11828) — simplified merger procedure Note— For ongoing merger investigations before the Commission, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For forthcoming EU competition developments, see the EU Competition calendar......
Mergers Safran/ Collins merger meets the test for reference to phase 2 Following review, the CMA has decided that the expected acquisition by Safran S. A. ( Safran) of part of Collins Aerospace’s ( Collins) actuation and flight control business, a unit within RTX Corporation ( RTX), meets the threshold for a phase 2 reference. Safran, headquartered in Paris, France, is principally active in the design, manufacture and sale of aerospace equipment worldwide. RTX, whose head office is in Arlington, US, operates in the design, manufacture and sale of aerospace and defence products, and delivers aftermarket service solutions supporting those products. Collins is an RTX business unit engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of, amongst other things, actuation systems for the aerospace industry. This portfolio includes trimmable horizontal stabiliser actuation systems ( THSA), together with other actuation systems that control the movement of...
AG opinion on Dutch courts’ jurisdiction in Apple competition class actions Advocate General Campos Sánchez- Bordona has issued her opinion in Case C‑34/24, Stichting Right to Consumer Justice and Stichting App Stores Claims, a Dutch reference seeking guidance on Article 7(2) of Regulation ( EU) No 1215/2012 ( Recast Brussels Regulation). The question concerns the jurisdiction of the Dutch courts over class actions brought by two Netherlands‑based foundations against Apple for alleged abuse of dominance. Background In 2021 and 2022, two Dutch foundations launched class actions under national law, alleging that Apple Inc. and Apple Ireland abused their dominant position in i OS app distribution via the App Store and its in‑app payment ( IAP) system. They argue Apple’s commissions, typically 30%, charged to developers and passed on to Dutch consumers as higher prices, breach Article 102 TFEU. The claims seek a finding of...
Mergers Schlumberger/ Champion X meets the test for reference to phase 2 The CMA has determined that the anticipated acquisition of Champion X Corporation ( Champion X) by Schlumberger Limited ( Schlumberger) satisfies the threshold for a phase 2 reference. Schlumberger and Champion X are US‑listed, global suppliers of oilfield services, equipment and related technologies to oil and gas exploration & production ( E& P) companies and to oilfield service providers worldwide. Both businesses have substantial operations and assets serving E& P customers in the UK North Sea. In its phase 1 review, the CMA found a realistic prospect of a substantial lessening of competition due to horizontal unilateral effects in the supply of production chemical technologies ( PCTs) to E& P companies. The combined firm would: be, by a significant margin, the largest supplier of PCTs in the UK; operate in a highly...
In this issue: UK antitrust EU antitrust EU State aid Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK antitrust CMA issues fines sports broadcast production companies £4m concerning collusion on rates of pay for freelancers The CMA has delivered an infringement decision and levied a £4m penalty on five companies active in producing and broadcasting sports content, after they shared confidential information about fees paid to freelance staff, including camera operators and sound technicians. The CMA determined that, from March 2014 to October 2021, Sky UK Limited ( Sky), BT Group Plc ( BT), IMG Media (including Premier League Productions ( IMG)), ITV plc ( ITV) and the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC) engaged in 15 distinct bilateral breaches of competition law. In every instance, there was...
Antitrust General Court largely dismisses actions against the Commission’s decision concerning cartel in the European Government’s Bond sector; moderately reduces fines imposed on Nomura and Uni Credit The General Court delivered its judgment in the following actions brought against the Commission: T-441/21 UBS Group and UBS v Commission T-449/21 Natixis v Commission T-453/21 Uni Credit and Uni Credit Bank v Commission T-455/21 Nomura International and Nomura Holdings v Commission T-456/21 Bank of America and Bank of America Corporation v Commission T-462/21 Portigon v Commission These cases contested the infringement decision of 21 May 2021 concerning a cartel based on exchanges of commercially sensitive information among seven banks ( AT.40324). The General Court largely upheld the Commission’s findings and moderately reduced the fines for Nomura and Uni...
Mergers The CMA imposed an IEO regarding the completed purchase by Aramark Limited of Entier Limited—see further, case page NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has issued its final report with advice to the Department of Business and Trade on its proposed subsidy to Post Office Limited—see further, final report The Subsidy Advice Unit has agreed to a request for a report giving advice to Highlands and Islands Enterprise on its proposed subsidy to Kishorn Port Limited—see further, case page NOTE— For all decisions referred under the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission authorised: Grohe Holding Gmb H and Versicherungskammer Bayern Versicherungsanstalt des öffentlichen Rechts to obtain joint control of Sense Guard Gmb H ( M.11897) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express Govera Inversiones SL and Sonaca SA to take joint control of Aciturri Aeronautica SLU ( M.11898) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission received notification of PAI Partners/ Motel One ( M.11933) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all ongoing merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker State aid The General Court convened a hearing in Joined Cases T- 639/14 REVN II DEI v Commission, T- 352/15 RENV DEI v Commission and T- 740/17 DEI v Commission, an application to annul the...
Digital Markets The CMA revised its provisional timelines for the strategic market status ( SMS) probes it is currently undertaking, pursuant to Part I of the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2023, concerning Google’s general search and search advertising services, as well as the mobile ecosystem services also supplied by both Apple and Google......
Mergers The CMA has launched a consultation on undertakings proposed by Topps Tiles Plc, offered in place of a referral to a phase 2 investigation, relating to its completed purchase of certain assets from Tildist Realisations Limited (formerly CTD Tiles Limited)—see case page. Note— For all live mergers before the CMA, see UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of upcoming UK competition developments, see UK Competition calendar......
State aid Commission: arbitration award ordering Spain to pay compensation to Antin constitutes unlawful State aid The Commission has determined that an arbitral ruling obliging Spain to compensate Antin Infrastructure Services S.à.r.l. and Antin Energia Termosolar B. V. ( Antin) for alterations to a renewable electricity support scheme introduced by Spain amounts to unlawful State aid under EU State aid rules. It has directed Spain not to execute payment arising from the award and firmly underlined that national courts must help secure observance and fully ensure compliance with this decision at national level. Background In 2007, Spain introduced a support framework for electricity generated from renewable sources (the 2007 scheme) without notifying the Commission under EU State aid rules. In 2013, Spain revised the framework, applying the changes also to installations already receiving support under the 2007 scheme (the 2013 scheme). In 2017, the...
Mergers The Commission received notifications for: United Group/ Motor Oil ( Hellas)/ Alpha Satellite TV ( M.11807) (standard merger process) M& G FA/ P Capital Partners ( M.11912) (simplified merger procedure) The Commission accepted a request for an Article 4(4) complete referral in Flutter Entertainment/ Snaitech ( M.11785). NOTE— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see the EU Competition calendar......
Antitrust CMA issues fines sports broadcast production companies £4m concerning collusion on rates of pay for freelancers The CMA has issued its infringement decision and imposed a £4m fine on five companies active in the production and broadcasting of sports content, after they shared sensitive information about fees paid to freelance staff, including camera operators and sound technicians... Between March 2014 and October 2021, the following organisations were found to have participated in 15 separate bilateral infringements of competition law: Sky UK Limited ( Sky) BT Group Plc ( BT) IMG Media (including Premier League Productions ( IMG)) ITV plc ( ITV) British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC) In every case, the conduct concerned the disclosure, receipt, or exchange of competitively sensitive information relating to pay for freelance workers who support the production and broadcasting of sports content in the UK......
Mergers The Commission approved H. I. G.'s acquisition, granting sole control over Heller Holding SE & Co. KG as such...
In this issue: UK mergers UK antitrust UK Competition policy EU antitrust EU State aid EU Digital Markets Act Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK mergers CMA unconditionally clears Boparan/ For Farmers ( Burston and Radstock mills) merger after phase 2 The CMA has published the final report from its phase 2 review of the proposed purchase by Boparan Private Office Limited, via 2 Agriculture Limited (2Agriculture), of For Farmers UK Limited’s Burston and Radstock feed mills. For Farmers is a European producer and distributor of animal feed, with its base in the Netherlands. 2Agriculture, part of the Boparan group, is among the UK’s largest poultry feed suppliers by production volume, directing output to Hook 2 Sisters, a Boparan-affiliated business, and to farmers on the open market. Confirming its provisional findings of 18 February 2025, the CMA concluded the deal is not expected to result in an SLC in local meat...
Mergers The CMA has approved Iberdrola, S. A.’s completed purchase of North West Electricity Networks ( Jersey) Limited, via its subsidiary Scottish Power Energy Networks Holdings Limited, following a phase 1 review—see the case page for details The CMA has released the full text of its phase 1 decision concerning the proposed acquisition by Black Rock, Inc......
Antitrust General Court dismisses action against Commission’s decision rejecting a complaint concerning alleged collusion amongst sand suppliers The General Court has handed down its judgment in Case T‑142/23, Swenters v Commission, challenging the Commission’s decision of 13 January 2023 to reject a complaint alleging breaches of Article 101 TFEU by multiple operators involved in the extraction and supply of quartz sand, and an abuse of dominance by Sibeloc ( Case AT.40683). Background On 13 January 2023, the Commission dismissed a complaint asserting that several undertakings had concluded various anti‑competitive arrangements and contracts relating to quartz sand extraction and supply in Maasmechelen, Belgium, and that one of those firms, Sibelco, had abused an alleged dominant position. The Commission determined that the matter lacked a sufficient degree of EU interest, as the alleged conduct occurred in Belgium and concerned Belgian companies. It concluded that Belgian courts and...
Mergers The Commission approved: the acquisition of the joint control of OMH Health Edge Holdings, Inc. by Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ...
Mergers CMA unconditionally clears Boparan/ For Farmers ( Burston and Radstock mills) merger after phase 2 The CMA has published the final report of its phase 2 investigation into the anticipated acquisition by Boparan Private Office Limited, through 2 Agriculture Limited (2Agriculture), of For Farmers UK Limited’s ( For Farmers UK) Burston and Radstock feed mills. For Farmers is a European manufacturer and supplier of animal feed, headquartered in the Netherlands. 2Agriculture, a Boparan subsidiary, is among the UK’s largest suppliers of poultry feed by volume produced, and also uses its production to supply Hook 2 Sisters, a company affiliated with Boparan, as well as farmers on the open market......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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