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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Mergers The CMA has approved the completed purchase of Capita One Limited by MRI Software LLC following its Phase 1 investigation—see further, case page The CMA has opened a Phase 1 investigation and invited comments on the anticipated acquisition by Compagnie Des Levures Lesaffre of shares representing 70% of the total capital stock of Biorigin S. A.—see further, case page NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of upcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Competition policy HM Treasury has released a policy paper outlining the government's strategy on regulation and regulators to promote sustained economic growth. It also issued an action plan detailing the next steps to ensure regulation and regulatory bodies actively better support economic growth and innovation going forward......
Mergers The Commission has been notified of CDPE/ Trilantic/ Agri Holding ( M.11880) under the simplified merger procedure. Commitments were submitted in M.11253 involving Safran and part of Collins Aerospace’s actuation and flight control business. For live merger reviews, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Antitrust Meta Platforms and Meta Platforms Ireland have filed Case T–66/25 before the General Court, contesting the Commission’s decision in Meta ( Facebook Marketplace) ( AT.40684). For live antitrust appeals, see General Court appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Foreign Subsidy Regulation The Commission has received a concentration notification in Omnicom/ IPG ( FS.100190). For live Foreign Subsidies Regulation probes, see Foreign Subsidies Regulation—ongoing cases tracker. State aid Under EU State aid rules, the Commission approved a Czech scheme (€90m) to support building, refurbishing, and acquiring affordable rental homes—see Midday Express. For live State aid decisions and...
Antitrust CMA launches consultation on replacement of TTBER; proposes new UK block exemption order The CMA has opened consultation on a draft recommendation to the Secretary of State for Business and Trade ( So S) concerning the replacement of the assimilated Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation ( Assimilated TTBER), which will lapse on 30 April 2026......
Mergers The Commission has approved: the set-up of a joint venture by subsidiaries of China Minmetals Corporation and a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation ( M.11884) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express the establishment of a joint venture by Daikin Industries Ltd and Copeland LP ( M.11867) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express The Commission received notifications in: TPG/ Techem ( M. M.11751) (normal merger procedure) Air Liquide/ Fluxys/ JV ( M.11782) (simplified merger procedure) The Commission issued the full texts of its phase I decisions in: Exyte/...
State aid Court of Justice issues judgment concerning Italian national reference regarding payment of financial contributions to undertakings in iron and steel foundries The Court of Justice delivered its ruling in Joined Cases C- 746/23 Cividale and Flag and C- 747/23 Duferco Italia Holding and Duferco Sertubi, following a national reference from Italy. The referring court sought guidance on whether, amongst other matters, a measure laid down by domestic legislation may amount to ‘aid’ for the purposes and objectives of Articles 107 and 108 TFEU. Background Flag Sel ( Flag), wholly owned by Cividale Sp A ( Civdale), owns a foundry in Marcon comprising two separate production units. Flag and Cividale concluded an arrangement addressing employment matters. On 18 June 2004, pursuant to Italian law, Flag applied to the Ministry for Economic Development ( MISE) for a financial contribution to support the...
Mergers The CMA authorised, under the de minimis exception, planned acquisition by Keysight Technologies, Inc...
In this issue UK mergers UK antitrust UK private actions UK sector regulation UK market investigations EU antitrust EU State aid Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex Caselex UK mergers CMA launches review of merger remedies approach and publishes new mergers charter The CMA has begun its review of merger remedies and unveiled a new mergers charter as part of planned steps to enhance the 4Ps—pace, predictability, proportionality and process—within the merger control regime, aiming to spur growth, investment and business confidence. A call for evidence to launch a review of merger remedies This review seeks to ensure the CMA’s remedies framework reflects the 4Ps. The authority is inviting evidence across three remedy themes. First, the CMA’s approach to remedies, covering phase 1 remedies, how effectiveness and...
Mergers CMA launches review of merger remedies approach and publishes new mergers charter The CMA has begun a review of merger remedies together with a new mergers charter, as part of measures intended to sharpen the merger control regime’s pace, predictability, proportionality and process (4Ps), with the aim of boosting growth, stimulating investment and shoring up business confidence. It forms part of the CMA’s planned measures to improve the 4Ps within merger control so as to drive growth, investment and business confidence. A call for evidence to launch a review of merger remedies The review seeks to ensure the CMA’s approach to merger remedies fully reflects the 4Ps. The CMA is inviting evidence across three remedy themes: Approach to remedies: phase 1 remedies; the evaluation of effectiveness and proportionality; the distinction between structural and behavioural remedies; the assessment of behavioural and complex packages; and oversight through...
State aid General Court dismisses action against Commission’s decision approving measure allowing Spain and Portugal to support input costs of fossil-fuel technologies in the Iberian market The General Court has handed down its judgment in Case T-596/22, PGI Spain and Others v Commission, a challenge to the Commission’s decision of 8 June 2022 authorising a Spanish and Portuguese measure designed to bring down wholesale electricity prices in the Iberian market by reducing the input costs of fossil fuel‑fired power stations ( SA.102454) (the Commission’s 2022 decision). The General Court rejected the action. Background Against the backdrop of a sustained rise in gas prices, on 20 and 23 May 2022 Spain and Portugal, respectively, informed the Commission of their intention to adopt a measure—estimated at €6.3bn for Spain and €2.1bn for Portugal—to cut the input costs of fossil fuel‑fired power stations, with the aim of lowering their...
Antitrust CAT issues ruling in connection with objections raised by Mr Mc Auley regarding the competition of the Tribunal constituted to hear claim alleging breach of the Chapter I and II prohibitions The CAT has delivered a decision addressing objections raised by Mr Mc Auley about the constitution of the Tribunal convened to hear his claim alleging breaches of the Chapter I and II prohibitions in question. In Mr Patrick Mc Auley v Faculty of Advocates Services Ltd, the CAT determined issues concerning the tribunal’s composition in the proceedings brought, under section 47A of the Competition Act 1998, by Mr Mc Auley against the Faculty of Advocates Services Ltd (the Faculty) in relation to that claim. The action concerns alleged infringements of the Chapter I and II prohibitions of the Competition Act. Mr Mc Auley is a solicitor and has been granted a Law...
State aid Commission consults on draft State aid Framework supporting the Clean Industrial Deal The Commission has opened a consultation on its draft State aid Framework accompanying the Clean Industrial Deal (draft CISAF), released on 26 February 2025. The draft CISAF sets the circumstances in which State aid for targeted investments and goals is regarded as consistent with the internal market. It urges Member States to design aid schemes enabling swift delivery of individual aid awards, helping to further streamline State aid rules for key projects that speed up Clean Industrial Deal aims, including competitiveness and decarbonisation. The draft CISAF will apply in place of the Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework and will apply until 31 December 2030......
Antitrust Commission carries out dawn raids in non-alcoholic drinks sector; sends RFI in personal care sector The Commission stated it has conducted surprise inspections at the premises of companies active within the non‑alcoholic beverages sector across several Member States. At the same time, the Commission has issued a formal request for information to a business active in the personal care field. The Commission fears the undertakings involved may have infringed Articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU. In particular, it is closely examining potential limits on the movement of goods within the Single Market and unlawful market partitioning. See further, press release here Mergers The Commission cleared the acquisition of joint control of Skyline GP, LLC by the Public Sector Pension Investment Board and Digital Bridge Group, Inc......
Mergers The CMA released the complete text of its decision to accept undertakings in lieu of referring the anticipated acquisition of ANSYS, Inc. by Synopsys, Inc.......
Private actions CAT refuses certification of collective proceedings against water companies The CAT handed down its judgment on a number of applications for collective proceedings orders ( CPOs) issued by Professor Carolyn Roberts against six water and sewerage undertakers ( Wises). She alleged the companies abused a dominant position by supplying misleading information to various regulatory bodies about the volume of pollution incidents on their networks. The CAT declined to certify the claims, finding that the abuse of dominance allegations were statute barred. Background In 2024, Professor Carolyn Roberts (the PCR) sought authorisation to bring collective proceedings on behalf of household customers of six Wises, claiming the undertakers under-reported pollution incidents ( PIs) to the Water Services Regulation Authority ( Ofwat). The PCR contended that this alleged understatement meant the Wises were able to charge higher prices than would have been allowed had accurate figures been...
Mergers The Commission authorised the acquisition, by which AURELIUS Investment Lux One S.à rl. obtains exclusive control of Lernia AB...
Mergers The CMA has given unconditional approval to the Global Business Travel Group and CWT Holdings merger following a detailed phase 2 probe. It has published its final report from the second-phase review of the expected purchase by Global Business Travel, Inc ( GBT) of CWT Holdings, LLC ( CWT). GBT is a travel management company ( TMC) providing business travel agency ( BTA) offerings, delivering on- and offline travel management across search, reservations and expense control, within the UK and worldwide......
Mergers The Commission approved the purchase of shared control over Novolex Holdings, LLC and Pactiv Evergreen Inc...
Mergers CAT quashes CMA’s phase 2 decision and orders remittal to the CMA of Spreadex/ Sporting Index merger The CAT issued an order in Spreadex Limited v Competition and Markets Authority, being an application for review under section 120 of the Enterprise Act 2002 of the CMA’s phase 2 decision in Spreadex/ Sporting Index, concerning the determination of a substantial lessening of competition ( SLC), as well as the concluding decision on remedy matters......
Foreign Subsidies Regulation Commission launches consultations on guidelines under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation The Commission has issued a Call for Evidence inviting feedback from interested parties on the principal objectives, scope, and context of forthcoming guidelines for applying the Foreign Subsidies Regulation ( FSR). In parallel, it is conducting targeted consultations directly with Member States and stakeholders. The FSR lays down rules to address distortions caused by foreign subsidies. These new provisions empower the Commission to investigate financial contributions granted by non- EU countries to companies undertaking economic activity in the EU and, where necessary, to remedy their distortive effects on the internal market. These efforts inform the upcoming guidance in detail......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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