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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Mergers CAT dismisses Spreadex’s challenge to CMA’s remittal decision on counterfactual in sports spread betting merger The CAT has delivered its judgment in Spreadex Limited v CMA, a claim by Spreadex Limited ( Spreadex) seeking review of the CMA’s remittal final report connected to the CMA’s phase 2 inquiry into Spreadex’s completed purchase of the B2B arm of Sporting Index Limited ( Sporting Index). The Tribunal endorsed the CMA’s assessment that, without the merger, Sporting Index would most probably have been bought by another acquirer and remained an active competitor, and so the deal gave rise to an SLC. Background Spreadex and Sporting Index both supply fixed odds betting and sports spread betting to UK-based customers. Spreadex also operates in financial spread betting and casino betting. They are the only two providers of licensed online sports spread betting services. In November 2023, Spreadex acquired Sporting Index’s B2C...
Mergers CMA extends deadline for remedies in Aramark/ Entier phase 2 merger investigation The CMA has postponed the statutory deadline for putting remedies into effect following its phase 2 review of Aramark Limited’s ( Aramark) purchase of Entier Limited ( Entier), having determined that the deal gives rise to an SLC within offshore catering and facilities management services on the UK Continental Shelf. Background On 15 January 2026, the CMA found that the merger had resulted, or could be expected to result, in an SLC and ordered the complete divestment of Entier as the sole effective remedy. Aramark then moved to contest the CMA’s decision before the CAT. On 10 March 2026, the CAT delivered its judgment refusing Aramark’s application......
Mergers The Commission approved the acquisition, thereby granting EQT Fund Management S.à.r.l. sole control of David Topco S.à r.l....
State aid Commission reviews State aid rules for banks in difficulty The Commission has issued a call for input to review the State aid framework for banks in distress, presently made up of six distinct communications, most recently revised in 2013......
State aid Commission adopts new State aid rules to boost the use of more sustainable ways of transport The Commission has endorsed new State aid Land and Multimodal Transport Guidelines ( LMT Guidelines), together with a Transport Block Exemption Regulation ( TBER), refreshing the EU State aid framework to encourage greener passenger and freight transport, whilst keeping safeguards that avert undue distortions of competition. The LMT Guidelines define when State aid for sustainable land transport must be notified and can be found compatible with the internal market, while the TBER spares specified types of aid from the obligation of prior notification under the EU rules......
Competition policy CMA issues a public letter replying to the Chancellor on current pricing pressures and competition in the heating oil and road fuel markets. On 14 March 2026, the CMA released correspondence from Sarah Cardell, the CMA’s Chief Executive, replying to a letter from the Chancellor of the Exchequer that urged the CMA to keep working to ensure consumers are not exposed to unwarranted price rises linked to the present situation in the Middle East, as requested by the Chancellor. Heating oil The CMA said it is urgently collecting information from a number of heating-oil suppliers and intermediaries after receiving consumer complaints. Its early review centres on two specific concerns: the cancelling of current orders followed by fresh offers at much higher prices, price rises applied to automated delivery arrangements triggered by tank‑level monitoring systems......
State aid Commission publishes evaluation study to inform revision of Aviation State Aid Guidelines The Commission has released an evaluation support study to back the upcoming overhaul of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines on State aid for airports and airlines. This review seeks to ensure the framework remains suitable and effective amid shifting market dynamics and the evolving demands of the green transition agenda. It draws on a literature review, data analysis, stakeholder input, and six case studies. The key findings include: Enduring structural profitability issues: Since 2014, European airports have seen no underlying improvement in profitability. Regional airports—especially the smaller sites—remain exposed financially because of heavy fixed costs, seasonal traffic, and constrained non-aviation income. Moreover, the passenger volumes needed to reach break-even are said to be steadily climbing as operating and capital costs continue to grow further......
Private actions CAT makes collective proceedings order granting Vicki Shotbolt permission to commence collective damages action against Valve The CAT has issued a collective proceedings order ( CPO), dated 11 March 2026, in Vicki Shotbolt Class Representative v Valve Corporation, following an application advanced by Vicki Shotbolt Class Representative Limited (the CR). The claim proceeds under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 against Valve Corporation ( Valve), formally authorising the collective damages action to commence before the CAT......
In this issue: UK mergers UK antitrust UK private actions UK competition policy UK market studies Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK mergers CAT issues judgment refusing extension of time in Aramark challenge to CMA prohibition of merger The CAT handed down its judgment in Aramark Limited v CMA, concerning Aramark Limited’s ( Aramark) bid for extra time under Rule 25(3) of the CAT Rules 2015 (the CAT’s 2015 Rules) to lodge a notice of application under section 120 of the Enterprise Act 2002, seeking review of the CMA’s decision to block the Aramark/ Entier merger. The CAT declined to grant the extension. Background On 15 January 2026, the CMA published its final report following its phase 2 investigation into the completed Aramark/ Entier deal, ordering Aramark to unwind the merger (the CMA’s 2026...
Antitrust AG considers Latvian municipality not an ‘undertaking’ under Article 102 TFEU when organising in-house waste management Advocate General ( AG) Campos Sánchez- Bordona issued his opinion in Case C- 11/25 Jelgavas valstspilsētas pašvaldība v Konkurences padome, a reference from Latvia seeking clarification on whether Article 102 TFEU extends to a municipality’s decision to organise municipal waste services by directly awarding, via an in-house procedure, a long-term contract to a company in which it holds a majority interest. The AG suggested that the Court of Justice should declare that, where a municipality acts through its public authority prerogatives when organising municipal waste management, it cannot be treated as an ‘undertaking’ for the purposes of Article 102 TFEU. Background In 2004, Jelgava City Council ( City Council) set up SIA Jelgavas komunālie pakalpojumi ( SIA JKP), retaining 51% of the share capital and thus majority...
National Investment and Security Act 2021 Government responds to consultation on proposed reforms to the NSI Act 2021 mandatory notification regime The UK Government has released its consultation response ( CP 1529) on planned revisions to the National Security and Investment Act 2021 ( Notifiable Acquisition) ( Specification of Qualifying Entities) Regulations 2021 (the NARs), which set the boundaries of the mandatory notification requirements under the National Security and Investment Act 2021. Launched in July 2025, the consultation came after the Government’s 2024 statutory review of the NARs and earlier engagement with stakeholders via the 2023 Call for Evidence. The Government has confirmed it will advance a suite of targeted amendments to the NARs, ensuring the regime continues to capture national security risks within sensitive areas of the UK economy, whilst minimising the burden on low-risk transactions. Secondary legislation will be...
Mergers The Commission approved: the acquisition of joint control over Ryan, LLC by NB Alternatives Advisers LLC, Ares Management Corporation, G. Brint Ryan, and Onex Corporation ( M.12322) following a phase I investigation—see further Midday Express the acquisition of sole control of Lecta Paper Industries Intermediate Financing S.à r.l. by Apollo Capital Management, L. P.......
Private actions CAT issues judgment granting partial strike out in Gutmann collection action against Apple over ‘battery throttling’ The CAT has handed down its ruling in Mr Justin Gutmann v Apple Inc., Apple Distribution International Limited, and Apple Retail UK Limited, regarding an application by Apple Inc., Apple Distribution International Limited, and Apple Retail UK Limited (together, Apple) seeking summary judgment and/or to strike out collective proceedings brought by Mr Justin Gutmann (the Class Representative) under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998. Background In 2022, the Class Representative sought to commence opt-out collective proceedings under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 against Apple, alleging abuse of dominance arising from its management of battery problems and the deployment of performance management features ( PMF) in certain i Phone models......
Mergers The Commission approved the takeover granting shared control of Cambridge Mobile Telematics to TPG Inc., Vitality Group International, Inc., and Soft Bank Vision Fund, L. P.......
Competition policy CMA publishes response to Government consultation on refining UK competition regime The CMA has issued its reply to the Department for Business and Trade’s ( DBT) consultation on suggested statutory tweaks to the UK competition framework. It backs most of the measures, judging them consistent with its 4Ps approach (pace, predictability, proportionality and process), though it flags a number of reservations on particular points. Background The DBT consultation, opened in January 2026, sat within the government’s growth-oriented Industrial Strategy and the 2025 Strategic Steer to the CMA. It set out specific legislative adjustments to the mergers, markets and enforcement regimes, aimed at enabling the CMA’s operational transformation in keeping with its 4Ps framework, preserving its statutory independence, and bolstering the overall appeal of the UK competition regime......
Mergers The Commission has been notified of CPP Investments/ I Squared/ Inkia Energy ( M.12373) under the simplified procedure. It published the public version of its conditional phase 1 decision in Boeing/ Spirit ( M.11578)—see further, decision. NOTE— For all live merger probes before the Commission, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The application in Case T-44/26, Ryanair and Ryanair Sun v Commission, has been published. It seeks annulment of the 28 April 2025 decision re-approving German restructuring aid for Condor, in light of the General Court’s 8 May 2024 judgment—see further, application. NOTE— For all live State aid appeals before the General Court, see General Court State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Digital Markets Act The Commission said the gatekeepers designated on 6 September 2022— Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Byte Dance, Meta and Microsoft—have filed reports on updated DMA...
Mergers The CMA has opened and published a second formal call for views concerning four consummated purchases by Welltower Inc...
Mergers The Commission approved the acquisition of joint control of Sapporo Real Estate Co., Ltd. by KKR & Co. Inc...
Mergers The Commission approved Brookfield Corporation’s takeover of sole control of Oaktree Capital Group Holdings, LLC ( M.12284) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission received filings for: Clarios/ Ecobat Germany/ Ecobat Austria ( M.12145) (ordinary merger procedure) JLL/ PIF/ FMTECH ( M.12358) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all active merger probes before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Competition policy The Commission stated that Executive Vice- President, Teresa Ribera, convened an implementation dialogue on the effects of mergers, productivity, sustainability, and the cost of living—see further, implementation dialogue and Midday Express NOTE— For all current EU competition law legislative, guidance and wider policy work, see further, EU competition horizon scanning—2026 and...
In this issue: UK private actions UK subsidy control UK competition policy EU antitrust EU State aid EU merger control Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Caselex UK private actions Court of Appeal issues judgment refusing permission to appeal against CAT certification of Hammond and Stephan collection actions against Amazon The Court of Appeal delivered its judgment in Professor Andreas Stephan v Amazon. Com, Inc & Ors, addressing Amazon group’s appeal against the CAT’s order refusing it permission to appeal the CAT’s July 2025 joint certification decision. That certification allowed separate applications by Robert Hammond (the Hammond Action) and Professor Andreas Stephan (the Stephan Action) to be brought as collective proceedings against Amazon. Both claims pursue damages under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 for alleged abuse of dominance in the running of Amazon Marketplace in the UK, including assertions of...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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