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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Mergers The Commission authorised the formation of a joint venture between AB Sagax and Swiss Life Investment Management Holding AG ( M.11794) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express. The Commission received notifications for: Towerbrook/ JC Flowers/ Railsr/ Equals ( M.11816) (simplified merger procedure) EFMS/ Leigh/ Calisen Midco I ( M.11844) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all active merger investigations before the Commission, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see the EU Competition calendar......
Mergers Following a phase I review, the Commission approved EEW Holding and Sumitomo acquiring joint control of EEW Offshore Wind EU ( M.11717)—see the Midday Express for further details In Case M.11564 International Paper/ DS Smith, commitments have been filed NOTE— For all current merger investigations before the Commission, please see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see the EU Competition calendar......
Private actions The CAT has published the summary of an application to launch collective proceedings under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 in Dr Maria Luisa Stasi v Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Limited & Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited, a claim brought by Dr Maria Luisa Stasi (the proposed class representative) against Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Limited and Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited (together, Microsoft), seeking damages for alleged infringements of the Chapter II prohibition under the Competition Act 1998 and/or Article 102 TFEU concerning licensing abuses by Microsoft relating to the software known as ‘ Windows Server’ and cloud computing services—see further, the Summary of collective proceedings claim form NOTE— For all private actions in the UK that have been made public, see further, UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of upcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition...
Mergers The CMA has opened its phase 1 review and issued an invitation to comment on IBM’s anticipated purchase of Hashi Corp—see the case page for details. Note— For all live mergers before the CMA, see UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Private actions The CAT has published a summary of an application to commence collective proceedings under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 in Clare Mary Joan Spottiswoode CBE v Airwave Solutions Limited, Motorola Solutions UK Limited & Motorola Solutions, Inc. Brought by Clare Mary Joan Spottiswoode CBE (the proposed class representative) against Airwave Solutions Limited, Motorola Solutions UK Limited and Motorola Solutions (together, Motorola), the claim seeks damages for an alleged breach of the Chapter II prohibition under the Competition Act 1998 concerning Motorola’s provision of Airwave Services—see the Summary of collective proceedings claim form. Note— For all UK private actions that have been...
Mergers The CMA has released the public version of its phase 1 ruling, concluding that Alphabet Inc.’s ( Google LLC) collaboration with Anthropic PBC does not meet the criteria for inquiry under the merger provisions of the Enterprise Act 2002—see further, decision. Note—for details of all live mergers before the CMA, see UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission received notifications for: Macquarie/ Dow/ Dow Infraco JV ( M.11855) (simplified merger procedure) OTPP/ Nordic Capital XI/ Max Matthiessen ( M.11816) (simplified merger procedure) The Commission released in the Official Journal its Summary Decision, the Advisory Committee’s Opinion, and the Hearing Officer’s Final Report in Norsk Hydro/ Alumetal ( M.10658)—for more, see: Summary Decision, Opinion of the Advisory Committee, and Final Report of the Hearing Officer Note— For all ongoing merger investigations before the Commission, see further the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates: For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see further the EU Competition calendar......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has released its final report, setting out advice to Tees Valley Combined Authority ( TVCA) on its proposed subsidy to Jomast Developments Limited—see the report. Note— For all decisions referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see the UK subsidy control—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates: For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers CMA publishes finalised versions of six updated mergers guidance documents to reflect jurisdictional and procedural changes introduced by the DMCCA The CMA has issued the definitive editions of six revised merger guidance documents, to mirror jurisdictional and procedural updates ushered in by the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 ( DMCCA 2024). The six updated documents are as follows: Mergers: Guidance on the CMA’s jurisdiction and procedure ( CMA2) Quick guide to UK merger assessment ( CMA18) Mergers exceptions to the duty to refer and undertakings in lieu ( CMA64) Interim measures in merger investigations ( CMA108) Rules of procedure for merger, market and special reference groups ( CMA17) Energy network mergers guidance ( CMA190)......
Antitrust CMA publishes updated version of its Guidance on investigation procedures under the CA 1998 cases following changes brought by the DMCCA The CMA has issued a refreshed edition of its Guidance on investigation procedures in Competition Act 1998 cases ( CMA8). In publishing this updated version, the CMA has revised the Guidance to mirror changes introduced by the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 ( DMCCA), as well as to capture other developments in CMA policy and practice arising since the last iteration. They also reflect wider practice developments at the authority. The principal DMCCA-related amendments concern the following: The CMA’s new duty to conduct cases with expedition. A new power for the CMA to impose administrative penalties for failures to comply with investigatory requirements, and for breaches of commitments and directions. Clarification within the Guidance that a draft penalty...
L1T FM Holdings UK Ltd and another v Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster [2024] EWHC 2963 ( Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? Although a challenge by way of judicial review to a government order under the NSIA 2021 can still succeed—for instance where there are especially serious or glaring procedural defects—the court has unequivocally and repeatedly signalled that it will not readily trespass upon ministerial judgement, including the selection of remedy. It is therefore, in practice, no surprise that the court endorsed the course taken by the government here and accepted the Secretary of State’s determination that the claimants should divest entirely their interest in Upp. The NSIA 2021 was framed to confer wide latitude on the government when identifying national security risks and deciding on appropriate measures to address them, and this ruling confirms that such an approach is...
In this issue: UK NSI Act UK mergers UK private actions EU State aid Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex Competition Highlights 2024/2025 UK NSI Act The Cabinet Office has varied the Final Order under the National Security and Investment Act 2021 concerning FTDI Holding Limited’s proposed acquisition of an 80.2% stake in Future Technology Devices International Limited. Although the transaction was prohibited on 5 November 2024, the change simply resets the deadline for FTDIHL to submit a draft proposal plan to support compliance with the Final Order. There are no other alterations to the divestment process or its timetable—see the notice of final order variation The Cabinet Office has revoked the Final Order under the National Security and Investment Act 2021 relating to Trina Solar UK...
Mergers Liberty Media/ Dorna Sports referred to phase II The Commission has referred the proposed acquisition of Dorna Sports by Liberty Media ( M.11539) to phase II. Liberty Media and Dorna Sports are international media companies. Liberty owns the Formula One Group and holds the exclusive commercial rights for the FIA Formula One World Championship. Dorna Sports holds the exclusive commercial rights for the FIM World Championship Grand Prix ( Moto GP), as well as other motorcycling racing championships. At phase I, the Commission raised concerns that the deal could lessen competition between the parties regarding the licensing of broadcasting rights for motorsports content. In particular, the transaction could remove important competitive constraints on Liberty Media and Dorna Sports, strengthening their position in relation to broadcasters of motorsports content and, ultimately, potentially leading to higher prices......
Mergers The CMA has now opened an initial phase 1 review into the proposed purchase by Topps Tiles Plc of specified assets from Tildist Realisations Limited (formerly CTD Tiles Limited)—see further, case page NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Private actions The CMA has formally issued a collective proceedings order in Nikki Stopford v (1) Alphabet Inc.; (2) Google LLC; (3) Google Ireland Limited; and (4) Google UK Limited, granting Ms Nikki Stopford leave to commence collective proceedings, under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998, against Alphabet Inc, Google LLC, Google Ireland Limited and Google UK Limited (together, Google), alleging abuse of a dominant position in the online search market and in certain adjacent markets relating to mobile device functionality—see further, order ( CPO) NOTE— For all live private actions in the UK that have been...
State aid General Court dismisses further actions against Commission’s decision finding that a scheme designed to promote regional development in Maderia was unlawful State aid The General Court delivered two judgments dismissing further challenges to the Commission’s decision of 4 December 2020 concerning the Madeira ( ZFM) regional development scheme ( Case SA.21259). The Court found that Portugal’s implementation contravened the Commission’s 2007 and 2013 decisions and thus constituted new aid. One judgment addressed a consolidated appeal by aid beneficiaries TA, Poppsyle, Durie, Starboard, Caledonian – Serviços Internacionais and Fuchinvest Real Estate Participações (collectively, the applicants). The other related to the action brought by Administradora Fortaleza Ltda. Joined Cases T-702/22 TA v Commission; T-704/22 Poppysle v Commission ( Zone franche de Madère); T-705/22 Durie v Commission ( Zone franche de Madère); T-710/22 Starboard v Commission ( Zone franche de Madère); T-711/22 Caledonian v...
Mergers The Commission cleared: Carlsberg’s acquisition of sole control of Britvic ( M.11675) after phase I—see Midday Express a joint venture between Schwenk Group and Goldbeck Group ( M.11724) after phase I—see Midday Express It also received the notification in Apollo/ Barnes Group ( M.11789) under the simplified procedure. Note— For all live merger cases, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid Under EU State aid rules, the Commission approved: a Danish scheme (€1.7bn) supporting renewable gas injected into the grid—see press release a French scheme (€127m) for a new container terminal at the Port of Dunkirk—see Midday Express Note— For all live State aid...
Mergers The CMA has approved the expected purchase of Britvic plc by Carlsberg UK Holdings Limited—see the case page for more. NOTE— For every live merger before the CMA, see UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. NSI Act The Cabinet Office stated it has issued a Final Order under the National Security and Investment Act 2021, conditionally approving Bharti Televentures UK Limited’s acquisition of 24.5% of the issued share capital in BT Group plc—see the Final Order. NOTE— For a summary of transactions where the UK government has intervened on national security grounds under the National Security and Investment Act 2021, see Government interventions on national security grounds—cases tracker. Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has released its final report advising Transport Scotland on its proposed subsidy to Cal Mac Ferries Limited—see the final report. NOTE— For all referrals handled by the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see UK...
Competition policy The CAT has announced that the Lord Chancellor has appointed five new members to the panel of the chairmen of the CAT. The new appointees are: Andrew Lykiardopoulos KC Charles Morrison Margaret Obi Dinah Rose KC James Wolffe KC For further details, see the press release. Note— For a summary of current competition law legislation, guidance and other policy developments, see UK competition horizon scanning—2024 and beyond. Upcoming dates: for the schedule of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission authorised the purchase granting exclusive managerial control over I. D. C....
Mergers The Department for Culture, Media and Sport has pushed back the deadline for submissions to its consultation on proposed changes to update the media mergers regime. The cut-off is now 15 January 2025 (previously 18 December 2024)—see further, consultation page The CMA has opened its phase 1 investigation into the anticipated acquisition by Black Rock, Inc of Preqin Limited—see further, case page NOTE— For a summary of all current competition law legislation, guidance and other policy developments, see further, UK competition horizon scanning—2024 and beyond NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker......
Antitrust New appeals to the Court of Justice in C‑845/24 P ( Silgan Holdings and Others v Commission) and C‑855/24 P ( Crown Holdings and Crown Cork & Seal Deutschland v Commission) contest General Court rulings T‑589/22 and T‑587/22 upholding the Commission’s decision in the Crown and Silgan—metal cans and closures cartel ( AT.40522). For all live antitrust appeals, see the Court of Justice appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Mergers Cleared after phase I: joint control of HU Holding S.r.l. by Apollo Global Management, Clessidra Private Equity SGR, and Human Company ( M.11697). Cleared after phase I: joint control of SRK Kliniken Beteiligungs Gmb H by STRABAG SE and Haselsteiner Familien‑ Privatstiftung ( M.11643). Notification received in GTCR/ Insight Partners/ Tricentis ( M.11834, simplified). State aid €52m Slovenian scheme for a new high‑tech plant in Lendava to produce biological drug...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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