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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Foreign Subsidies Regulation Commission conditionally clears first in-depth merger investigation under the FSR The Commission announced it has granted conditional clearance, under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation ( FSR), for the acquisition by Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC ('e&') of sole control of PPF Telecom Group BV ( PPF), excluding its Czech business. This represents the first phase II decision adopted under the FSR... Background As background, e& is a telecommunications operator based in the UAE. e& is controlled by a sovereign wealth fund owned by the UAE, the Emirates Investment Authority ( EIA). PPF, headquartered in the Netherlands, is a telecommunication operator active in Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia ( Yettel) and Slovakia ( O2)......
Mergers The CMA published a call for comments regarding the proposed purchase by XSYS Germany Holding Gmb H of specific entities and assets forming the Mac Dermid Graphics Solutions business—see further, the case page NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission received notification of CVC/ CD& R/ Epicor ( M.11728) under the simplified procedure. It also issued the public version of its phase I decision in EQT/ Dechra ( M.11186)—see further, decision. NOTE— For live merger probes before the Commission, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Antitrust The Commission announced it is carrying out announced antitrust inspections at the premises of financial services firms in two Member States—see further, press release. NOTE— For a summary of EU/ EEA dawn raid announcements since 2018, including foreign subsidies, see EU and EEA dawn raids tracker. State aid The application in Case C‑460/24 Shoger was published; Austria asks whether a tax exemption for services between banking, insurance or pension companies is unlawful State aid—see further, application. NOTE— For live national references on EU State aid to the Court of...
Mergers The Commission approved the purchase granting joint control over X2O group to Vendis Capital Management NV and Waterland Private Equity Investments B. V.......
Antitrust Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption: CMA launches consultation on proposed recommendations The CMA has opened a consultation on its provisional advice to the Secretary of State for Business and Trade that the Competition Act 1998 ( Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption) Order (the Order) should be maintained. This step comes after an April 2024 request for views on the Order. First introduced in 2001, the Order carves out specific integrated ticketing arrangements, entered into by transport operators, from the Chapter I prohibition under the Competition Act, and it received its most recent renewal in 2016 and remains subject to the current consultation......
Antitrust Court of Justice issues judgment in national reference from the Netherlands proposing that parity clauses are not ancillary restrictions for the purposes of EU competition law The Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in Case C- 264/23 Booking,com BV and Booking.com ( Deutschland) Gmb H v 25hours Hotel Company Berlin Gmb H and Others, concerning a Dutch reference seeking clarification on whether wide and narrow parity clauses are ancillary restraints under Article 101(1) TFEU. The reference seeks guidance on their classification within EU competition rules under Article 101(1) of TFEU. Background Booking.com BV runs an online hotel reservation platform. Up to 2015, its agreements contained wide price parity obligations that stopped hotels from advertising cheaper room rates via their own direct channels and any other outlets, including rival online travel agencies ( OTAs). Thereafter, Booking.com moved to narrow price parity...
Market investigation The CMA confirms a four-month extension to the statutory deadline for its market investigation into the provision of public cloud infrastructure services in the UK; for further details, see the case page. NOTE— For all live market studies and market investigations in the UK, consult the UK market studies and market investigation references—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, please refer to the UK Competition calendar......
Antitrust General Court annuls Google Ad Sense decision The General Court delivered its judgment in Case T-334/19, Google and Alphabet v Commission, on an appeal against the Commission’s 2019 decision imposing a €1.49bn fine on Google for abusing its dominant position in the market for online search advertising intermediation via its “ Ad Sense for Search” product ( AT.40411). The General Court annulled the Commission’s decision in full, setting it aside in its entirety. Background Since 2003, Google has operated the Ad Sense advertising platform and, within that framework, developed several services, including the online advertising intermediation service Ad Sense for Search ( AFS). AFS enabled publishers with integrated search engines on their websites to display adverts linked to the queries that users could submit on those sites, allowing publishers to receive a share of the revenues generated by displaying those adverts. To access AFS,...
Mergers The CMA has opened a phase 1 review and issued an invitation to comment on the proposed acquisition of Volac Whey Nutrition Holdings Limited by Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/ S—see further, case page. NOTE— For all current CMA merger cases, see, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Private actions The CAT has published a consent order (dated 18 September 2024) in (1) The Scottish Ministers and (2) (15) The Scottish Health Boards v Accord- UK Limited ( Formerly known as Actavis UK Limited) & Others, staying the damages action brought by the Scottish Ministers and the Scottish Health Boards ( NHS Scotland) against Intas P, grounded on the CMA’s July 2021 infringement decision under Chapter I and Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998 concerning the supply of 10mg and 20mg immediate release hydrocortisone tablets—see further, order. NOTE— For all publicly available live UK private actions, see, UK...
Mergers The CMA issued the publicly available version of its ruling to clear the anticipated purchase by Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company of Juniper Networks—see further, decision. Note— For all ongoing mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Competition policy Teresa Ribera assumes the post of Executive Vice- President for a Clean, Just, and Competitive Transition...
Mergers The CMA granted clearance for the proposed acquisition by Macquarie Asset Management of a joint control stake in Last Mile Infrastructure ( Holdings) Limited following a Phase 1 investigation—see further, case page. NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Market studies The CMA issued an invitation to comment on a draft questionnaire for a consumer survey it plans to undertake as part of its market investigation into the provision of veterinary services for household pets in the UK. The deadline for feedback on the draft questionnaire is 23 September 2024—see further, case page. NOTE— For all live market studies and market investigations in the UK, see further, UK market studies and market investigation references—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission cleared joint control of PN VII Topco S.à rl by Wendel SE and Porvidence Equity Partners LLC ( M.11655) after a phase I probe—see further, Midday Express. Notifications received: Alfi Re/ Plavi Re/ Planet Koper ( M.11687) (simplified merger procedure) KBC Bank/ BNP Paribas Fortis/ Joyn International ( M.11678) (simplified merger procedure) Sagitta/ RDE Group ( M.11708) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE— For all live merger inquiries before the Commission, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Antitrust A fresh national reference from Italy in Case C‑424/24 FIGC and CONI asks whether EU law ( Arts 45, 49, 56, 101, 102 TFEU; Art 47 Charter) bars a rule letting sports bodies impose a 24‑month ban on a club manager’s activities at national and international level—see further, application. NOTE— For all national references before the Court of Justice, see Court of Justice national...
Mergers Vodafone/ CK Hutchison JV raises competition concerns; CMA considers prohibition of the merger would be the most effective remedy The CMA has set out its provisional findings and a notice outlining potential remedies in its phase 2 review of the anticipated joint venture between Vodafone Group Plc ( Vodafone) and CK Hutchison Holdings Limited ( CK Hutchison), concerning Vodafone Limited ( VUK) and Hutchison 3G UK Limited (3UK). At this stage, the CMA indicates that blocking the deal would be the most effective way to resolve the competition concerns identified. VUK is owned by Vodafone and 3UK is owned by CK Hutchison, and both businesses are among the leading providers of mobile telecommunication services in the UK......
Mergers The Commission approved both: the takeover of joint control of France LNG Shipping SAS by Geogas Maritime SAS, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha, DIF Management BV and Marigold ACP SARL ( M.11629) following a phase I investigation—see further, the Midday Express accordingly the acquisition of sole control of Superstruct Holding S.à r.l.......
Following the judgment, the Commission’s ability to examine mergers and acquisitions beneath the EU Merger Regulation ( EUMR) turnover-based jurisdictional thresholds was curtailed in such matters. Where the parties do hit the thresholds, the transaction must be notified to the Commission for approval, and clearance secured before completion of the transaction. The EUMR also includes a route by which Member States can ask the Commission to assess a deal even if the parties do not meet the thresholds. This is the referral mechanism in Article 22. Once a request is accepted, the Commission, rather than the relevant Member State or States concerned, carries out the review. In 2021, the Commission issued guidance on how it would deploy the referral mechanism. That guidance explained that, in suitable cases, the Commission would ‘encourage and accept referrals…where the referring Member State does not have initial...
Mergers The CMA opened its phase 1 probe and invited comments on the expected purchase by Boparan Private Office Limited (through 2 Agriculture Limited) of For Farmers UK Limited’s Burston and Radstock feed mills—see further, case page. NOTE— For all current mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit issued its final report advising the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero on its planned Net Zero Hydrogen Fund Carbon Capture Use and Storage Scheme—see further, report. NOTE— For all referrals to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker. Competition policy The CMA released a policy paper with guidance for Local Transport Authorities developing, assessing, or overseeing bus franchising proposals—see further, policy paper. Private actions The CAT posted a set of orders from the High Court of Justice of Northern Ireland (dated 20 August 2024)...
Antitrust The CMA has confirmed that, following the CAT’s May 2024 judgment overturning its Prochlorpezarine tablets (50511-2) decision, it will not continue competition director disqualification action against directors of Alliance Pharmaceuticals, Focus, Lexon and Medreich, and has asked the High Court to dismiss its application—see further, case page. NOTE— For all ongoing and completed director disqualification undertakings and orders issued by the CMA since 2016, see further, UK competition director disqualifications—cases tracker. Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has accepted a request from Plymouth City Council for a report on its planned subsidy to Plymouth Citybus Limited—see further, case page. NOTE— For all decisions referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker. Mergers The CMA has opened a consultation on undertakings offered by the parties in lieu of a phase 2 referral regarding the...
Mergers The Commission has cleared: the establishment of a joint venture by HMLYS II Holdings Limited and Xiamen C& D Commodities ( M.11658) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express the acquisition of joint control of Ameropa Biotech by Fertinagro Biotech International ( M.11516) after a phase I assessment—see further, Midday Express the purchase of joint control over parts of Aviva plc’s onshore windfarm business by CK Infrastructure Holdings Limited and CK Asset Holdings Limited ( M.11709) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission has received notifications in: CTS Eventim/ FNAC- DARTY/ France Billet ( M.11279) (normal merger procedure) Marubeni/ NAP/ FMG/ Aqua Green ( M.11691) (simplified merger procedure) Note— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see further, EU...
Mergers The Commission has received notifications regarding: Turner/ Dornan ( M.11683) (simplified merger procedure) EDF/ Vauban Infrastructure Partners/ Ontower Austria ( M.11740) (simplified merger procedure) Amundi/ Marguerite/ Ze Way Invest/ Ze Energy JV ( M.11681) Note— For details of all active merger probes before the Commission, please see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The Commission has launched an in‑depth investigation to evaluate whether selling the Nürburgring racetrack complex in Germany to Capricorn Nürburgring Besitzgesellschaft Gmb H complies with EU State aid rules; see also the press release. Note— For every live State aid decision and each formal State aid inquiry, consult EU State aid decisions—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, please see the EU Competition calendar......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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