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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Mergers The CMA has opened its phase 1 investigation and released an invitation to submit comments regarding the proposed acquisition of Juniper Networks, Inc. by Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company—see the case page for further details. Note— For every live merger before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission received a notification concerning LGP/ Francisco Partners/ Redsail ( M.11619), assessed under the simplified merger review procedure. Note— For all live merger probes before the Commission, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Antitrust The Commission conducted unannounced inspections at the premises of a consultancy firm in two Member States — see further, press release. Note— For all live behavioural investigations before the Commission, consult the EU behavioural investigations—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The Commission opened a consultation on draft rules for land and multimodal transport: the Guidelines on State aid for railway undertakings and its new Transport Block‑ Exemption Regulation — see further, press release. Note— For all live State aid decisions and formal State aid investigations, see the EU State aid decisions—ongoing cases tracker. Note— For all ongoing EU competition law legislative, guidance and other policy...
Subsidy Control The Subsidy Advice Unit has issued its final report, setting out guidance to Homes England on its intended subsidy for Barking Riverside Limited—see further, report. NOTE— For all decisions sent to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, the UK subsidy control—cases tracker. Competition policy The CAT released a transcript of the second Bellamy Lecture, delivered by Professor Sir John Vickars. The talk, titled ‘ Competition Policy and the Consumer Welfare Standard’, examined current questions about protecting the consumer welfare standard—see further, the speech. NOTE— For a summary of all live competition law legislation, guidance and other policy initiatives, see further, UK competition horizon scanning—2024 and beyond. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission cleared: the takeover of sole control of Velo Bank S. A. by funds and accounts overseen by Cerberus Capital Management, L. P. and its affiliates ( M.11522) following a phase I review—see further Midday Express the acquisition of joint control of eu Networks Group Limited by APG Asset Management N. V.......
Subsidy Control The Subsidy Advice issued its final report giving guidance to the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero on the proposed Sizewell C FID Scheme—see report for more The Subsidy Advice published its final report advising the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero on the proposed Sizewell C Development Expenditure Scheme—see the report for details The Subsidy Advice Unit delivered its final report offering advice to the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and the Department for Business Trade on the proposed Energy Intensive Industry Exemption from Nuclear Regulated Asset Base Policy Costs subsidy scheme—see the report for further information NOTE— For every decision referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission has cleared: the establishment of a joint venture by Zhongguancun Summit Enviro- Protection Co, Ltd and DEUTZ China Verwaltungs Gmb H ( M.11428) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express DKV Mobility Group’s acquisition of sole control over Smart Diesel and Tax Refund ( M.11521) after a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express The Commission has also received notifications in: Five Arrows/ Cheetah/ Solvares ( M.11566) (simplified merger procedure) Ingka Investments/ Ikano Bank ( M.11557) (simplified merger procedure) Trafigura/ Geenergy ( M.11514) (simplified merger procedure) L Catterton/ Kiko ( M.11574) (simplified merger procedure) Bunge/ Viterra ( M.11204) (normal merger procedure) Note— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker State aid The Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a Maltese scheme worth €500m to support the...
Mergers The CMA has accepted final undertakings offered by Pennon Group plc ( Pennon), in place of a phase 2 referral, regarding Pennon’s completed purchase of Sumisho Osaka Gas Water UK Limited—together with its subsidiary, Sutton and East Surrey Water Plc—under the Water Industry Act 1991; see the case page for more. The CMA has issued a second call for views on the anticipated acquisition by Barratt Development plc of Redrown plc; consult the case page for details. Note— For all live mergers currently before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates— For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, refer to the UK Competition calendar......
In this issue: UK private actions UK market studies EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation EU antitrust EU State aid Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK private actions UK private actions CAT issues judgment regarding revised applications for CPOs by Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims against Mastercard and Visa The CAT has handed down its ruling in Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims I Limited v Mastercard Inc and Others, Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims II Limited v Mastercard Inc and Others, Commercial and Interregional Cards Claim I Limited v Visa Inc, and Commercial Interregional Cards Claims II Limited v Visa Inc. The judgment concerns a second effort to secure Collective Proceedings Orders ( CPOs) advanced by Commercial and Interregional Card Claims I Limited ( CICC I) and...
Mergers The CMA has opened a phase I review and published an invitation to comment regarding the proposed purchase of Mobility 1 SAS by Easy Park Group AS—see further, case page The CMA has begun its phase I inquiry into the expected takeover of Redrown plc by Barratt Development plc—see further, case page Note— For a list of current mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For timings of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Antitrust Alchem receives SO concerning pharma cartel The European Commission ( Commission) has sent a statement of objections to Alchem over suspected involvement in a cartel centred on a significant pharmaceutical input, N- Butylbromide Scopolamine/ Hyoscine ( SNBB). SNBB is a key input material used to manufacture the abdominal antispasmodic medicine Buscopan and its generic counterparts. The Commission’s concern is that Alchem may have engaged in price fixing, allocated quotes, and exchanged confidential commercial information with other operators in this market, in breach of Article 101 TFEU. It is worth noting that, in October 2023, the Commission imposed fines totalling €13.4m on five companies after they acknowledged participation in the same cartel and agreed to settle. Alchem was not included in the Commission’s 2023 settlement decision, and therefore the inquiry concerning Alchem has proceeded under the standard...
Market studies ORR publishes final report of its market study on railway station catering market; decides not to refer the market to the CMA The Office for Rail and Road ( ORR) has issued the final report from its market study into the provision of railway station catering in Great Britain. Railway station catering means the supply of food and beverages to customers, mostly passengers, by retailers trading at stations. It is a material market for passengers, retail catering firms and station facility owners. The ORR began the market investigation in June 2023......
Mergers The Commission cleared the deal for Uni Credit S.p. A. to obtain sole control of Alpha Bank Romania S. A...
Antitrust Judgment dismisses appeal against General Court’s judgment awarding DT €1.8m for Commission’s refusal to pay default interest on annulled abuse of dominance The Court of Justice has delivered its ruling in Case C‑221/22 P, Commission v Deutsche Telekom, concerning an appeal brought against the General Court’s judgment in Case T‑610/19. In that earlier judgment, the General Court partly upheld an action seeking compensation from the Commission for the overpayment of a fine linked to the Slovak Telekom (and Deutsche Telekom) — broadband in Slovakia matter ( COMP/39.523). The proceedings centred on the extent of the Commission’s liability following the adjustment of the penalty imposed... By way of context, in 2014 the Commission announced fines amounting to €38.8m against Slovak Telekom and its parent, Deutsche Telekom ( DT), for abuse of a dominant position on the Slovak market for broadband...
Mergers The Commission has been notified of: Macquarie/ Aberdeen/ AIP/ Certain Digi Assets in Spain ( M.11518) (simplified merger procedure) Marubeni/ Certain Parts of Trust Enery ( M.11598) (simplified merger procedure) The Commission has extended its phase II review in IAG/ Air Europa ( M.11109) by 10 working days—see case page Note— For details of all ongoing Commission merger probes, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Antitrust Judgment dismisses the appeal against the General Court’s ruling awarding DT €1.8m following the Commission’s refusal to pay default interest on an annulled abuse of dominance By way of context, in 2014 the Commission announced fines totalling €38.8m on Slovak Telekom and its parent Deutsche Telekom ( DT) for abuse of dominance in the Slovak market for...
Mergers The CMA has commenced its phase I review and issued an invitation to comment regarding the proposed acquisition of PGS ASA by TGS ASA—see the case page for further details. NOTE— For all active mergers before the CMA, please refer to the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Antitrust The CMA has revised the timetable for its ongoing investigation into the Atlantic Joint Business Agreement involving American Airlines, members of International Consolidated Airlines Group ( British Airways, Iberia and Aer Lingus), and Finnair, under the Chapter I prohibition in the Competition Act 1998—see the case page for more. NOTE— For all live behavioural investigations before the CMA, see the UK behavioural investigations—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission approved: joint control over Mayakan Pipeline BV by Engie SA and Macquarie Group Limited ( M.11527) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express joint control over South Fork Wind, LLC and Revolution Wind, LLC by GIP IV Whale Fund Holdings, L. P and Orsted A/ S ( M.11560) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission has been notified of: Blackstone/ MDP/ Air Control Holdings ( M.11606) (simplified merger procedure) ICG/ Holding Uriach/ Uriahc/ Inedea ( M.11532) (normal merger procedure) The phase II timetable was extended by ten working days under Article 10(3)2 in IAG/ Air...
Mergers The CMA indicated it may accept undertakings in lieu of a reference regarding the anticipated purchase by Theramex HQ UK Limited of the European rights to Viatris’ Femoston and Duphaston products—see further, case page. Note— For all ongoing mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Market studies The CMA released the administrative timetable for its market investigation into veterinary services for household pets—see further, case page. Note— For every live market study and market investigation in the UK, see the UK market studies and market investigation references—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Foreign Subsidies Regulation Commission opens first in-depth merger inquiry under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation The Commission said it has opened a new in-depth probe under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation ( FSR) into Emirates Telecommunications Group Company PJSC’s (e&) proposed deal to ultimately acquire sole control of PPF Telecom Group BV ( PPF), excluding its Czech business ( FS.100011). Based in the UAE, e& is a State-controlled telecoms operator. PPF, based in Czechia, runs telecommunications services across Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia ( Yettel) and Slovakia ( O2). The FSR clearly sets out rules, including notification duties (applicable since 12 October 2023), aimed at tackling distortions stemming from foreign subsidies, for certain concentrations and for participation in public procurement procedures involving foreign financial contributions......
Private actions CAT issues judgment regarding revised applications for collective proceedings orders by Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims against Mastercard and Visa The CAT has delivered its judgment in Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims I Limited v Mastercard Inc and Others; Commercial and Interregional Cards Claims II Limited v Mastercard Inc and Others; Commercial and Interregional Cards Claim I Limited v Visa Inc; and Commercial Interregional Cards Claims II Limited v Visa Inc. The ruling addresses a renewed effort to secure Collective Proceedings Orders ( CPO), representing a second attempt by Commercial and Interregional Card Claims I Limited ( CICC I) and Commercial and Interregional Card Claims II Limited ( CICC II). The applications were pursued under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998, and were directed at both Mastercard and Visa......
In this issue: UK private actions EU state aid Daily and weekly news alerts Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community New and updated content Caselex UK private actions The CAT has handed down its ruling in Ad Tech Collective Action LLP v Alphabet Inc. & Others, concerning an application for a collective proceedings order ( CPO). AD Tech Collective Action brought the claim against Alphabet Inc, Google LLC, Google Ireland Limited and Google UK Limited (together, Google), pursuing damages for alleged abuse of a dominant position linked to Google’s practices around the sale of digital display advertising. Certification has been granted by the CAT—see the judgment (certification) for details. NOTE— For public UK private actions on foot, see UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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