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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Private actions The CAT has handed down a decision in Alex Neill Class Representative Limited v Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Limited; Sony Interactive Entertainment Network Europe Limited; and Sony Interactive Entertainment UK Limited, allowing the application to revise the class definition in the certified collective proceedings pursuing damages for alleged abuse of a dominant position by Sony across various markets—see the ruling for more. NOTE— For all public UK private actions, see the UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker. Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has accepted a request to produce a report advising the Department for Business and Trade on its proposed Post Office Limited Network subsidy for 2026 to 2029—see the case page. NOTE— For every decision referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see the UK subsidy control—ongoing cases...
Antitrust Commission closes antitrust investigation following the withdrawal by Edwards Lifesciences of its disputed company policy The Commission has now ended its competition probe into Edwards Lifesciences ( Edwards) once the medical device maker rescinded its Global Unilateral Pro- Innovation ( Anti- Copycatting) Policy ( UPIP). The UPIP has been taken down from the company's website and is therefore no longer applicable. Edwards is a medical technology company based in the US, specialising in cardiovascular medical devices. Its Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ( TAVI) products are employed to treat aortic stenosis, among the most prevalent and severe cardiovascular conditions. The case stemmed from surprise inspections carried out in September 2023 and examined a possible abuse of dominance under Article 102 TFEU......
Mergers The Commission approved: the purchase of exclusive control over Project Informatica S.r.l....
Mergers The CMA has opened an invitation to comment regarding the proposed acquisition of Telegraph Media Group Holdings Limited by Daily Mail and General Trust plc—see the dedicated case page for details. Note— For all active mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, please see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers UMG/ Downtown conditionally cleared after phase II The Commission has given conditional approval to the proposed acquisition by Universal Music Group N. V. ( UMG) of Downtown Music Holdings LLC ( Downtown). UMG, based in the Netherlands, runs operations spanning wholesale recorded music, music publishing, merchandising, and audio-visual content. It owns and operates divisions active in these fields. Downtown, based in the US, is a rights management and music services business. It supplies artist and label ( A& L) services to third-party record artists and labels, provides music publishing support to third-party authors and songwriters, and undertakes royalty administration alongside other ancillary services for third-party artists and labels. During phase II, the Commission concluded that the deal would not significantly hinder effective competition in the recorded music, A& L and music publishing markets in which UMG and Downtown intersect and overlap...
Mergers Secretary of State issues public interest intervention notice in Daily Mail and General Trust’s proposed acquisition of the Telegraph Media Group The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport has issued a Public Interest Intervention Notice ( PIIN) concerning Daily Mail and General Trust plc’s proposed purchase of Telegraph Media Group Holdings Limited ( TMGH), the owner of the Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph newspapers. The move follows an earlier indication that the Secretary of State was minded to act and confirms her view that a relevant merger situation may ultimately arise under the Enterprise Act 2002......
Mergers The Commission approved: the takeover of sole control of Unigestion Private Equity Holding SA by Sagard UK Management Limited ( M.12215) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express the acquisition of sole control of Sealed Air Corporation by funds managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC ( M.12261) after a phase I assessment—see further, Midday Express The Commission received notifications in: Deutsche Post/ CTT/ JVs ( M.11942) (normal merger procedure) TPG/ Vitality/ Soft Bank/ Cambridge Mobile Telematics ( M.12287) (simplified merger procedure) The Commission released the public versions of its: phase I...
In this issue: UK Digital Markets Act UK market studies EU antitrust EU Competition policy EU Digital Markets Act Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex CMA consults on Apple and Google commitments to improve App Store fairness and mobile platform interoperability The CMA has opened a consultation on undertakings proposed by Apple and Google after their designation with strategic market status ( SMS) under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024, in respect of their mobile platforms. Granted in October 2025, the designation reflects the CMA’s conclusion that both companies wield significant and entrenched market power across mobile operating systems, app distribution, and mobile browsers. The suggested commitments are designed to tackle early concerns about app store procedures, fairness, and interoperability, consistent with the CMA’s July 2025 roadmap......
Mobile market review: Government call for evidence The Department for Science, Innovation & Technology ( DSIT) has opened a call for evidence as part of its mobile market review, centred on bolstering investment in the UK’s mobile networks and achieving the Government’s ambition that every populated area can access 5G by 2030. The review will examine how technological change and market evolution are reshaping the sector, and test whether the present policy and regulatory framework still fosters investment, innovation, competition and benefits for consumers......
Mergers The Commission approved the following: Google’s acquisition of Wiz ( M.11964) following a phase I review—see the Midday Express the acquisition of joint control over Groupe Bertin Technologies S. A. S......
Digital Markets Act CMA consults on Apple and Google commitments to improve App Store fairness and mobile platform interoperability Following their designation with strategic market status ( SMS) under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 for their mobile platforms, the CMA has now opened a consultation on undertakings proposed by Apple and Google. That designation, made in October 2025, signals the CMA’s view that both companies possess significant and entrenched market power spanning mobile operating systems, app distribution, and mobile browsers......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has accepted a request to advise the Department of Business and Trade on a proposed subsidy to British Business Bank—see case page. NOTE— For referrals under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see UK subsidy control—ongoing cases tracker. Private actions The CAT issued an order (6 February 2026) in JJH Enterprises Limited (t/a Value Licensing) v Microsoft Corporation and Others, a damages claim by JJH Enterprise against Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Limited and Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited (together, Microsoft), alleging a campaign to stifle resale of pre‑owned Microsoft licences in the UK/ EEA, breaching Articles 101/102 TFEU and Chapter I/ II. Proceedings are stayed pending Court of Appeal judgments on preliminary issues—order. The CAT made an order (6 February 2026) in Skimbit Limited v Google UK Limited & Others, a damages action by Connecity UK Limited against Google UK Limited, Google Ireland Limited, Google LLC and...
Antitrust Commission issues SO to Meta over Whats App AI access limits; flags possible interim measures The Commission has delivered a statement of objections to Meta, outlining its preliminary assessment that Meta blocked third-party artificial intelligence ( AI) assistants from accessing and engaging with users on Whats App, infringing Article 102 TFEU ( AT.41034). The Commission considers that Meta’s behaviour risks preventing competitors from entering or growing in the rapidly expanding market for general-purpose AI assistants and has therefore indicated its intention to impose interim measures (subject to Meta’s rights of defence) to avoid serious and irreparable harm to competition. Background On 15 October 2025, Meta announced changes to its Whats App Business Solution Terms, effectively prohibiting third-party general-purpose AI assistants from the platform. Consequently, from 15 January 2026, Meta’s own assistant, Meta AI, has been the only AI assistant available on Whats App. On 4...
Mergers The Commission authorised the acquisition by SOCAR Turkey Enerji A.Ş. of shared control over SOCAR Aliağa Liman İşletmeciliği A.Ş...
In this issue: UK antitrust UK competition policy EU antitrust EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK antitrust CAT publishes judgment approving collective settlement regarding damages action in maritime car carriers cartel The CAT has handed down its judgment in Mark Mc Laren Class Representative Limited v MOL ( Europe Africa) Ltd and Others, relating to a damages claim brought by Mark Mc Laren Class ( Class Representative) under section 47B of the Competition Act 1998 against companies involved in international ocean shipping services, relying on the European Commission’s infringement decision in Maritime Car Carriers ( AT.40009). The judgment approves a collective settlement between the Class Representative and the remaining defendants— MOL ( Europe Africa) Limited, Mitsui O. S. K. Lines Ltd, Nissan Motor Car Carrier Co, and Nippon Yusen...
Mergers The CMA has opened a phase 1 review concerning the expected purchase by CRH ( UK) Limited of Gibson Bros Limited, Gibson Quarries ( Banbridge) Limited, Gibson ( Banbridge) Limited, T. H. Moore ( Contracts) Limited, Gibson Bros ( Ireland) Limited, and M P Coleman Limited—see further, case page. NOTE— For a list of all active mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates— For the timetable of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Digital Markets Act Commission finds that Apple Ads and Apple Maps should not be designated under the Digital Markets Act The Commission concluded that Apple’s online advertising product, Apple Ads, and its online intermediation service, Apple Maps, do not warrant designation under the Digital Markets Act. This outcome stems from Apple’s November 2025 notification of both services and the Commission’s review of Apple’s submissions. The Commission determined that neither product acts as a significant gateway for business users to access end users, highlighting in particular Apple Maps’ comparatively modest take-up across the EU and the limited presence of Apple Ads within the EU’s online advertising market at this time......
Private actions The CAT has issued an order in Infederation Ltd v Google LLC and Others, concerning an admissibility application in a private damages claim brought by the price-comparison website Foundem against Google, arising from the European Commission’s 2017 Google Search ( Shopping) infringement decision ( Case AT.39740). The CAT’s order dismisses Google’s bid to exclude the witness statements in their entirety, confirming that, where appropriate, witnesses of fact may provide opinion evidence informed by their own expertise and experience, and that such material is not automatically inadmissible solely because the witness is not independent—see further, order. NOTE— For live UK private actions that have been made public, see the UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates— For details of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Market studies CMA adopts updated guidance for markets regime The CMA has implemented refreshed guidance describing its approach to the markets regime under the Enterprise Act 2002 (updated Markets Regime Guidance). This consolidated document unifies the CMA’s guidance on market reviews, market studies, market investigations, and on overseeing and reassessing remedies. Updated Markets Regime Guidance Following its 2024 consultation, the updated Markets Regime Guidance captures changes brought in by the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 ( DMCCA), evolutions in the CMA’s practice over time, and the CMA’s drive to simplify and harmonise its markets regime guidance, including via the ‘4Ps’ framework (pace, predictability, proportionality, and process)......
Mergers The Commission approved BRF Gmb H and Halal Products Development Company taking joint control of One Foods Holdings Limited ( M.12233) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express Notifications were lodged for: Blackstone/ Tinicum/ Pennaero/ Trimas Aerospeace ( M.12252) (simplified merger procedure) Sennder/ LKWE/ Truckerpoints ( M.12245) (simplified merger procedure) Apollo Funds/ Prosol Group ( M.12291) (simplified merger procedure) The public version of the phase I decision in Global Payments/ Worldpay ( M.12006) is now available—see further, decision NOTE— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker State aid The General Court delivered an order in Case T‑201/25 Poland v Commission, challenging the...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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