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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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In this issue: EU antitrust EU mergers EU state aid Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Caselex New and updated content EU antitrust Commission consults on commitments offered by Apple in Apple Pay abuse investigation The Commission has initiated a market test and consultation on undertakings proposed by Apple, intended to remedy suspected abuse of dominance linked to restrictions on access to the technology that enables contactless payments with mobile devices in shops. By way of background, in May 2022 the Commission issued a statement of objections, setting out its preliminary view that Apple had abused its dominant position in markets for mobile wallets on i OS by restricting third‑party mobile wallet developers’ access to the Near‑ Field Communication ( NFC) input used for contactless payments with mobile devices in shops......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has issued its concluding report, offering guidance to Lancaster City Council on its planned subsidy for Eden Project Morecambe—see further, final report The Subsidy Advice Unit has taken on a request from the Welsh Government for an assessment of its proposed Development Bank of Wales Rescue and Restructuring scheme—see further, case page Note— For all referrals considered by the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker Mergers The Department ......
State aid General Court overrules Commission’s finding that German measures constituted State aid financed through State resources The General Court delivered its judgment in Case T- 409/21, Germany v Commission, challenging the Commission’s decisions in State aid Cases SA.56826 (overhaul of support for cogeneration) and SA.53308 (modification of support for existing CHP plants). For context, between 2019 and 2021, Germany informed the Commission of legislative changes: (i) introducing financial support for operators of combined heat and power ( CHP) plants and other installations linked to the cogeneration of heat and power; and (ii) placing a cap on a levy that could be imposed on hydrogen producers. The Commission regarded those measures as State aid financed through State resources but considered them compatible with Article 107(3)(c) TFEU and raised no objections. Germany appealed to the General Court, contesting that the measures were granted through State...
Mergers The CMA has opened its phase I inquiry and published an invitation to comment regarding Pharmacy2U’s completed purchase of Lloyds Direct—see case page for details The CMA has also released an invitation to comment on the proposed acquisition of Serato Audio Research Limited by Alpha Theta Corporation—see case page for more NOTE— For all active mergers before the CMA, please refer to the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For timings of forthcoming UK competition developments, consult the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers ITA Airways acquisition referred to phase II The Commission has referred the planned acquisition of joint control of ITA Airways ( ITA) by Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( Lufthansa) and the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance ( MEF) to phase II. Lufthansa and ITA run a broad network of domestic services, extensive short-haul routes within the EEA, and long-haul links between the EEA and the rest of the world......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has agreed to a request by London Borough of Barnet to produce a report on its intended subsidy for Related Argent Property Limited Partnership—see further, case page Note— For all decisions submitted to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker Upcoming dates: For schedules of forthcoming UK competition developments, see UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission approved: the takeover of sole control of Outsourcing, Inc by Bain Capital Investors, LLC ( M.11314) following a phase I review—see Midday Express for details the acquisition of joint control of UON Pty Ltd by ITOCHU, MTF Holdings Pty Ltd and the Keogh Family Trust ( M.11391) after a phase I review—see Midday Express for more Note— For a list of all ongoing merger investigations before the Commission, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Antitrust The application was published in Case T-1129/23, Intel Corporation v Commission, challenging the Commission’s decision in Intel Corporation (re-imposed fine) ( AT.37990), which re-imposed a penalty of around €376.36m on Intel for a previously established abuse of dominance in the x86 CPU market—see the application Note— For all current antitrust appeals before the General Court, see General Court appeals—ongoing cases...
Private actions The CAT has released four individual applications concerning: Mr Justin Gutmann v Vodafone Limited and Vodafone Group PLC; Mr Justine Gutmann v EE Limited and BT Group PLC; Mr Justin Gutmann v Hutchison 3G UK Limited; and Mr Justin Gutmann v Telefonica UK Limited. These opt-out collective proceedings are brought by Mr Justin Gutmann against, respectively, Vodafone Limited and Vodafone Group PLC, EE Limited and BT Group, Hutchison 3G UK Limited, and Telefonica UK Limited, alleging each mobile network operator breached the Chapter II prohibition under the Competition Act 1998—see further: application ( Vodafone) application ( EE Limited and BT Group PLC) application ( Hutchison 3G UK Limited) application ( Telefonica UK Limited) Note— For all live private actions in the UK that have been made public, see: UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates— For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see: UK...
Antitrust Commission consults on commitments offered by Apple in Apple Pay abuse investigation The Commission has begun a market test of Apple’s proposed commitments aimed at resolving alleged dominance abuses linked to restrictions on access to technology enabling in-store contactless payments on mobile devices. For context, in May 2022 the Commission issued a statement of objections, preliminarily finding that Apple abused a dominant position in the markets for mobile wallets on i OS. It considered that Apple curtailed third-party mobile wallet developers’ access to the Near- Field Communication ( NFC) interface required for contactless payments with mobile devices in retail locations for use within shops and store environments and outlets......
In this issue: UK antitrust UK digital markets EU antitrust EU state aid Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Caselex New and updated content UK antitrust Court of Appeal rules in favour of CMA in overseas information requests appeal The Court of Appeal ruled in favour of the CMA in CMA v Bayerische Motoren Werke AG ( BMW) and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft ( VW). For context, in December 2022 the CMA levied a fixed fine of £30,000 and a daily penalty of £15,000 on BMW for not complying with an information request issued in a Chapter I investigation. On 8 February 2023, the CAT and the High Court delivered a single judgment addressing BMW’s appeal before the CAT and VW’s judicial review in the High Court. Both challenged whether section 26 of the...
Antitrust AG proposes Court of Justice should dismiss the Commission’s appeal in Intel Advocate General Medina has delivered her opinion in Case C- 240/22 Commission v Intel, the appeal challenging the General Court’s ruling in Case T- 286/09 RENV (after a remittal from the Court of Justice), which set aside in part the Commission’s decision of 13 May 2009 that had found an infringement and levied a fine on Intel Corporation ( Intel) for the alleged abuse of a dominant position tied to conditional rebates and loyalty payments ( Case AT.37990). She advised that the Court of Justice should reject the Commission’s appeal. Acting on the Court of Justice’s invitation, the Advocate General concentrated principally on two of the six grounds of appeal. Those two grounds asserted that the General Court had made a series of errors and violated the...
Mergers The CMA has released the public version of its phase 1 decision, sending the expected purchase of Mick George by Hanson Quarry Products Europe Limited to a phase 2 probe. It also issued a decision indicating that undertakings in lieu could be accepted—see further, phase 1 decision and decision that undertakings might be accepted. Note— For all active mergers before the CMA, see further, UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates: For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar......
Antitrust Court of Appeal rules in favour of CMA in overseas information requests appeal The Court of Appeal delivered its decision in CMA v Bayerische Motoren Werke AG ( BMW) and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft ( VW). For context, in December 2022, the CMA levied a fixed fine of £30,000 and a recurring daily charge of £15,000 on BMW for not complying with an information notice served during a Chapter I investigation, conducted by the CMA then......
Antitrust Commission accepts commitments offered by Renfe regarding abuse of dominance in online rail ticketing in Spain The Commission agreed to the commitments put forward by Renfe to tackle competition issues arising from its refusal to share complete content and real-time data with competing ticketing platforms in Spain's online passenger rail ticket distribution market. In its initial assessment, the Commission found that withholding full content and real-time data could have hindered rival platforms' ability to contend with Renfe's own direct digital channels, harming consumers......
Mergers The CMA is inviting feedback on proposed undertakings in lieu linked to the anticipated purchase by Wolseley UK Limited of Kooltech Limited—see case page for details The CMA has issued an IEO regarding the completed acquisition by Spread Ex Limited of the B2C business of Sporting Index Limited—see the case hub for more NOTE— For all live mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission approved: the formation of a joint venture by Ford Motor Company, BMW and Honda Motor Co., Ltd ( M.11365) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express the acquisition of exclusive control over Future Electronics Inc. by WT Microelectronics Co., Ltd. ( M.11344) following a phase I investigation—see further, Midday Express The Commission also received notifications for: AVI/ Atairos/ NNS UK/ V Sports ( M.11438) (simplified merger procedure) Aurelius/ Dayco’s Propulsion Solutions ( M.11427) (simplified merger procedure) Skion/ Bitburger/ Avista Oil ( M.11414) (simplified merger procedure) Aspo/ OP/ ESL ( M.11389) (simplified merger procedure) Note— For details of all active merger probes before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For the timetable of forthcoming EU competition developments, see further, EU Competition calendar......
Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has agreed to a request from the Department of Business and Trade for Energy Security to prepare a report on its proposed restructuring subsidy relating to the Post Office Process Review compensation—see further, case page. NOTE— For every decision referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, see further, UK subsidy control—cases tracker. Private actions Following its 10 November 2023 judgment dismissing all damages claims pursued by Phones 4 U Limited ( P4U) arising from the termination of its agreements with mobile network operators, the High Court has now issued a ruling in Phones 4U Ltd ( In Administration) v EE Ltd & others. The Court has refused P4U permission to appeal that judgment—see further, ruling. NOTE— For all live private actions in the UK that have been made public, see...
Mergers After a phase I review, the Commission cleared Total Energies’ exclusive acquisition of Quadra Energy—see Midday Express. Notification received in MC/ Dthag/ MMC/ JV ( M.11424) under the simplified procedure. Public version of the Deutsche Telekom/ Orange/ Telefónica/ Vodafone/ JV decision ( M.10815) published—see decision. Note— See EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Antitrust An appeal in Case C‑14/24 P ( Commission v Bulgarian Energy Holding and Others) challenges the General Court’s ruling in T‑136/19 annulling the Commission’s gas case decision AT.39849. Note— See Court of Justice appeals—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The Commission cleared, under EU State aid rules, an Italian €120m scheme for new air routes to and from Calabria—see Midday Express. Publication in Case C‑653/22 TOODE: a Latvian reference asks whether Article 107 TFEU deems aid ‘granted’ when a wrongful refusal, later confirmed by a court, occurs after the grant...
Mergers The Commission authorised: the purchase of joint control over Fjord 1 AS by Electricité de France DIF Management B. V. ( M.11363), following a phase I investigation—see more in Midday Express the purchase of joint control of Wittur International Holding Gmb H by Franklin Square Holdings L. P.......
Mergers The CMA has begun its phase 1 review and opened an invitation to comment on the anticipated purchase by T& L Sugars Limited of the UK packing and distribution site and business‑to‑consumer operations of Tereos United Kingdom and Ireland Limited from Tereos SCA; for more detail, see the case page. NOTE— For the full roster of live mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Subsidy control The Subsidy Advice Unit has released its final report to Belfast City Council regarding a proposed subsidy for the Mourne Mountain Gateway Project; see the final report. NOTE— For all decisions referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, consult the UK subsidy control—cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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