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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Competition policy The Department for Business and Trade ( DEBT) is consulting on legislative adjustments to the UK competition regime, intended to enhance pace, predictability, proportionality and process (4Ps) whilst maintaining the CMA’s independence. Drawing on the government’s growth-focused Industrial Strategy, the 2025 Strategic Steer to the CMA, and the CMA’s 4Ps framework, these proposals are crafted to advance the CMA’s operational transformation and to ensure the UK continues to be a ‘best-in-class’ jurisdiction for competition enforcement and merger control......
CMA launches consultation on market remedies across a range of sectors The CMA has launched a strategic review of 33 market remedies, covering undertakings and orders under the Fair Trading Act 1973 and the Enterprise Act 2002. It will judge whether these measures remain suitable or should be removed or revised, in whole or part, reflecting shifts in market conditions and the regulatory landscape. The CMA has a statutory duty to carry out periodic reviews of remedies arising from its market and merger investigations......
Mergers The Commission has received notifications for: Five Arrows/ Vista/ Starrez ( M.12271) (simplified merger procedure) Chequers/ Fremman/ Groupe Bertin ( M.12274) (simplified merger procedure) Note— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The application has been published in Case C‑612/25 P Cellnex Telecom and Retevisión I v Commission, an appeal against the General Court’s judgment in T‑715/21 dismissing an action for annulment of the Commission’s decision in State aid Case SA.28599— Aid for the deployment of digital terrestrial television ( DTT) - Spain (with the exception of Castilla- La Mancha)- ES—see further, application. Note— For all live State aid appeals before the Court of Justice, see further, Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of upcoming EU competition developments, see further, EU Competition calendar......
Mergers The CMA has released the full text of its phase 1 clearance decisions concerning: the expected acquisition by Beacon Rail Lux Holdings S.à.r.l. of Eversholt UK Rails Limited — see the decision the proposed acquisition by Rhône Capital L. L. C. and Archimed SAS of DHG Holdco S.à r.l and Invacare Holdings S.à r.l. — see the decision Note— For a list of all live mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission approved: the formation of a joint venture by Stonepeak Partners LP and Repsol Renewables Op Co LLC ( M.12192) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express the acquisition of joint control of VLS Chennai by Tata Auto Comp Systems Limited and Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. ( M.12239) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express Note— For all live merger investigations before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Foreign Subsidies Regulation The Commission received the notification in Mr Price/ Pegasus ( FS.100298) (concentration) Note— For all live Foreign Subsidies Regulation investigations before the Commission, see further, FSR investigations—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see further, EU Competition calendar......
Antitrust Court of Justice issues judgment in national reference from Italy on whether EU law precludes non-mandatory investigation deadlines in antitrust proceedings under Article 101 TFEU The Court of Justice delivered its ruling in Case C‑588/24, Imballaggi Piemontesi, on a reference from Italy. The question was whether Articles 41 and 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms prevent national provisions which, in competition proceedings, allow the Italian Competition Authority to extend the period for concluding a case without any automatic obligation to do so, where the prolongation is warranted by specific circumstances. The Court confirmed that EU law does not bar such a framework, provided that any departure from the initial investigative time limit meets certain guarantees, namely that it is: ...
In this issue: UK antitrust UK private actions UK subsidy control UK mergers EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation EU Digital Markets Act Daily and weekly news alerts Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Caselex UK antitrust CMA releases revised guidance on the Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption The CMA has issued updated guidance on the Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption ( PTTSBE), capturing changes made by the Competition Act 1998 ( Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption) ( Amendment) Order 2025, following the CMA’s review and the Secretary of State’s acceptance of its recommendations. Background The PTTSBE removes certain integrated ticketing schemes from the scope of the Chapter I prohibition under the Competition Act 1998. Extended in 2016 for a further ten years, it was scheduled to end on 28 February 2026. In January 2025, the CMA proposed...
Mergers CMA prohibits Aramark/ Entier; Aramark ordered to unwind merger The CMA has published its final report from its phase 2 investigation into Aramark Limited’s completed acquisition of Entier Limited. Both businesses supply catering and ancillary facilities management to the offshore energy industry in the UK North Sea, providing food and housekeeping for crews working on oil rigs and for those constructing wind farms. The CMA determined the deal has resulted in, or could foreseeably result in, an SLC in the market for the supply of offshore catering and ancillary facilities management services to customers for assets in the oil and gas sector on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf ( UKCS). Specifically, the CMA found that: the merger brings together two of the three leading UK suppliers; Aramark and Entier are regarded as particularly strong providers, with customers typically expecting to invite both to UKCS...
Mergers The Commission approved: the formation of a joint venture by Škoda Transportation a.s., via Rolling Stock Components s.r.o., and TATA Auto Comp System Limited ( M.12181) after a phase I review—see further, Midday Express Japan Industrial Partners Inc acquiring sole control of Mitsubishi Logisnext Co., Ltd ( M.12229) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express Notifications filed: Nemak/ GF Casting Solutions Business ( M.12159) (simplified merger procedure) OEP IX/ Digital Value ( M.12224) (simplified merger procedure) Multiply/ Peninsula/ ISEM ( M.12226) (simplified merger procedure) Public versions released: ...
Mergers The Commission approved the takeover resulting in shared control of Kieback& Peter Gmb H & Co....
Private actions CAT issues ruling dismissing application to extend claim period in Rachael Kent collective proceedings against Apple The CAT handed down a decision in Dr Rachael Kent v Apple Inc. and Apple Distribution International Ltd, addressing an application made by Dr Rachael Kent (the Class Representative ( CR)) to vary the ‘ Relevant Period’ stated in the claim for collective proceedings brought against Apple Inc. and Apple Distribution International Ltd (together, Apple), which alleges infringements of the Chapter II prohibition in the Competition Act 1998 and of Article 102 TFEU, said to apply in relation to conduct occurring prior to 31 December 2020......
Antitrust Government introduces two new Streamlined Routes under the Subsidy Control Act 2022 The Department for Business and Trade ( DBT) has unveiled two additional Streamlined Routes under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, aimed at community regeneration and at arts and culture. As these Streamlined Routes, in particular, have been pre-assessed by government, they fall outside CMA review, offering an easier route to award specified kinds of subsidy. DBT has also released, as well, the formal instruments establishing each Streamlined Route, alongside guidance that outlines the rationale and breadth of Streamlined Routes and describes in detail the subsidy types that can be granted within each programme, as applicable. The new Streamlined Routes commenced on 12 January 2026 and are available to any UK public authority to confer subsidies from that date through to 11 January 2032, as appropriate. See further, case page. Upcoming dates: for dates of...
Mergers The Commission approved: the purchase conferring exclusive control over Swecon Baumaschinen Gmb H, Swecon Anläggningsmaskiner AB, and Entrack Sverige AB by Volvo Construction Equipment AB ( M.11952), following a phase I review—for more, see Midday Express the formation of a joint venture by Eni Lasmo Plc and PETRONAS Carigali International Ventures Sdn. Bhd......
Foreign Subsidies Regulation Commission publishes Foreign Subsidies Regulation Guidelines The Commission has unveiled the final edition of its much-anticipated guidance on applying selected provisions of Regulation 2022/2560 on foreign subsidies that distort the internal market (the Foreign Subsidies Regulation ( FSR))......
Antitrust CMA publishes updated guidance on the Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption The CMA has issued revised guidance on the Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption ( PTTSBE), incorporating amendments made by the Competition Act 1998 ( Public Transport Ticketing Schemes Block Exemption) ( Amendment) Order 2025, following the CMA’s review and the Secretary of State’s approval of its recommendations. Background The PTTSBE provides an exemption for specified integrated ticketing schemes from the Chapter I prohibition in the Competition Act 1998. Extended in 2016 for a further ten years, it had been scheduled to expire on 28 February 2026. In January 2025, the CMA proposed removing the expiry date and widening the meaning of ‘connecting service’ to cover trunk bus services. Those changes were accepted in July 2025, and the CMA consulted on draft updated guidance during August– September 2025. Updated guidance The updated guidance confirms that the PTTSBE now...
In this issue: UK antitrust UK mergers EU antitrust EU State aid Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Lex Talk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Caselex UK antitrust Department for Business and Trade launches consultation on Transfer Agreements Block Exemption Order The Department for Business and Trade ( DBT) has opened a consultation on the draft Competition Act 1998 ( Technology Transfer Agreements Block Exemption) Order 2026 ( TTBEO). The proposed order would replace the assimilated EU Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, which is due to lapse on 30 April 2026, following a CMA recommendation endorsed by the Secretary of State. The draft TTBEO broadly sustains the current technology transfer exemption regime, preserving the overall ambit of the block exemption and its core architecture on hardcore and excluded restraints. It nevertheless makes targeted...
Mergers ABF/ Hovis merger referred to phase 2 under CMA’s fast-track procedure The CMA stated it has sent the expected purchase of Hovis Group Limited ( Hovis) by Associated British Foods plc ( ABF), via ABF Grain Products Limited, to phase 2, after the parties to the merger sought a fast-track process......
Digital Markets Act Commission publishes summary and responses to the consultation on the ongoing review of the Digital Markets Act The Commission has issued a synopsis of the feedback and the individual contributions received to its consultation on the ongoing review of the Digital Markets Act ( DMA), also making available an overview and entries submitted. This consultation is part of the Commission’s requirement to complete its first formal appraisal of the DMA by 3 May 2026, with further assessments every three years. The process began in July 2025 and was complemented by a specific call for input on AI in August 2025, and it sought evidence regarding the DMA’s initial impact and day‑to‑day functioning, drawing on input from July and August exercises......
Antitrust The CAT released a non-confidential public version of its judgment (dated 24 November 2025) in CMA v Another, allowing the CMA’s request for a warrant to enter and search domestic premises under section 28A(1)(b) of the Competition Act 1998—see further, judgment NOTE— For all behavioural investigations before the CMA, see the UK behavioural investigations—ongoing cases tracker for details Upcoming dates— For forthcoming UK competition developments and key dates, see the UK Competition calendar......
The Court of Justice has delivered an order on an Italian preliminary reference, finding that Article 101 TFEU, read in the light of Directive ( EU) 2019/1 and the principle of effectiveness, rules out national provisions that impose deadlines for initiating antitrust inquiries where missing them would strip the authority of its power to sanction. Relying on Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure, the Court made an order in Case C‑491/24 21 v 11/2025, originating from Italy, which sought clarification on whether Article 101 TFEU precludes legislation compelling a national competition authority to begin the formal investigation phase within a set period (90 or 360 days) from learning of a suspected antitrust breach, failing which it loses the ability to impose fines. Background Under Italian law, as construed by the national courts, the Italian Competition Authority must launch an antitrust...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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