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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Private actions The CAT has issued an order (dated 23 December 2025) in Morethan AV Ltd v Bang & Olufsen A/ S, a damages action brought under section 47 of the Competition Act 1998 by Morethan AV Ltd against Bang & Olufsen, alleging infringement of the Chapter I prohibition of the Competition Act 1998 and Article 101(1) TFEU. The order stays the claims for injunctive relief and damages so the parties can meet, confidentially and on a without prejudice basis, to seek a resolution of the issues in dispute—see further, the order. Note—for all live private actions in the UK that are publicly available, see the UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates—for details of forthcoming UK competition developments, see the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission has acknowledged filings in the following matters: Domidep/ Vitanaas ( M.12216), under the simplified merger procedure ECI/ Fast Group ( M.12219), under the simplified merger procedure Note— For information on active merger inquiries before the Commission, please consult the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates For the timetable of forthcoming EU competition developments, see the EU Competition calendar......
State aid Commission amends Emissions Trading System State aid guidelines The Commission has approved changes to the EU Emissions Trading System ( ETS) State aid guidelines, refreshing the regime first introduced in 2020 to account for persistent rises in emission prices and the consequent greater threat of carbon leakage. The Guidelines still pursue the objective of averting the shift of industrial production to countries with weaker climate ambitions, by permitting member states to reimburse qualifying sectors for higher indirect electricity costs associated with the ETS. The updated Guidelines markedly widen who can benefit, with 20 additional industrial sectors and two extra subsectors now covered, among them organic chemicals and selected activities across ceramics, glass, and battery-related activities......
Antitrust Department for Business and Trade launches consultation on Transfer Agreements Block Exemption Order The Department for Business and Trade ( DBT) has opened a consultation on the proposed Competition Act 1998 ( Technology Transfer Agreements Block Exemption) Order 2026, referred to as the TTBEO. This draft order is intended to replace the assimilated EU Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, which is currently set to expire on 30 April 2026, and follows a recommendation from the CMA that the Secretary of State has formally accepted, accordingly, in this regard......
Antitrust • An appeal has been submitted to the Court of Justice in Case C-865/25 P, Red Bull v Commission, challenging the General Court’s ruling in Case T-306/23, which rejected an action seeking annulment of Commission Decision C(2023) 16689 authorising unannounced inspections under Article 20(4) of Regulation ( EC) No 1/2003. For all live antitrust appeals before the Court of Justice, see the Court of Justice appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates: for forthcoming EU competition developments, refer to the EU Competition calendar. ......
Mergers The CMA has issued an initial enforcement order concerning the planned acquisition of Délifrance S. A. by Vandemoortele Group; for more information, see the case page. Note— For a list of all ongoing merger investigations before the CMA, please consult the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For details of forthcoming UK competition developments, refer to the UK Competition calendar......
Private actions The CAT issued its judgment in Infederation Ltd v Google Inc and Others, on an application by Google LLC, Google Ireland Limited and Google UK Limited (together, Google) seeking to strike out sections of Infederation Limited’s ( Foundem) particulars of claim relating to Foundem’s damages case against Google, alleging abuse of a dominant position in the market for online search. The CAT rejected the application, concluding that the proposed amendments amounted to a fresh claim that did not arise from the same, or substantially the same, facts as the original claim and was therefore time‑barred—see further, judgment NOTE— For all live private actions in the UK that have been made public, see further, UK private actions—ongoing cases tracker Upcoming dates— For dates of upcoming UK competition developments, see further, UK Competition calendar ......
State aid Commission amends ETS State aid Guidelines to tackle carbon leakage for more energy-intensive industries The Commission has approved a revision of the Guidelines covering certain State aid measures within the post-2021 greenhouse gas emission allowance trading framework ( ETS State aid Guidelines), aiming to mitigate the heightened threat of carbon leakage faced by energy-intensive industries due to rising emission costs under the EU Emissions Trading System ( ETS). On 21 September 2020, the Commission adopted the ETS State aid Guidelines, as part of modernisation of a comprehensive set of carbon leakage prevention tools related to the EU ETS......
Mergers CMA publishes revised merger remedies guidance The CMA has released a refreshed version of its merger remedies guidance ( CMA87), following a March 2025 call for evidence and an October 2025 consultation on the CMA’s approach to merger remedies. Forming part of the CMA’s wider delivery of its ‘4Ps’ principles—pace, predictability, proportionality and process—across its merger control work, the update is designed to modernise and clarify how remedies are conceived, chosen and implemented. The guidance aims to provide businesses with greater transparency, flexibility and certainty, offering a clearer and more predictable remedies framework......
Mergers The Commission approved: the joint control acquisition of SSCP Build Hold Co AB by Integrity Lux Bidco S.à r.l. and SSCP Build Holdings SCA ( M.12194) following a phase I investigation—see also Midday Express the acquisition of sole control of Reinhard Wolf Gmb H & Co. KG and Wolf Nürnberg Immobilien Gmb H & Co......
Mergers The CMA stated that it is assessing the proposed undertakings offered by the parties, in place of referring the expected acquisition by Vandemoortele Group of Délifrance S. A. to a phase 2 investigation—see further, the case page. Note— For all live mergers before the CMA, see the UK mergers—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming UK competition developments, see further, the UK Competition calendar......
Mergers The Commission authorised: the establishment of a joint venture by CRRC Shandong Wind Power Co. Ltd...
Court of Justice rules on Czech reference concerning omission of hotel occupancy in copyright royalty tariffs and possible breach of Article 102 TFEU The Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in Case C‑161/24, OSA, arising from a Czech reference seeking clarification on whether a collective management organisation’s failure to take account of hotel room occupancy when setting royalties for licensed works can amount to an abuse of a dominant position under Article 102 TFEU. The Court held that, depending on the particular circumstances, overlooking hotel occupancy may constitute an abuse within the meaning of Article 102 TFEU. Background In December 2019, the Czech Competition Authority ( CCA) found that OSA, the Czech collective management organisation for musical and other artistic works, had abused its dominant position in the market for copyright licensing. Between 2008 and 2014, OSA applied flat‑rate royalties to hotel operators for audio and...
Private actions Supreme Court dismisses banks’ appeal; confirms CAT must reconsider FX collective actions on opt-out basis The Supreme Court has delivered its judgment in Barclays Bank PLC & Ors v Evans and O’ Higgins FX Class Representative Ltd v Barclays Bank PLC & Ors [2025] UKSC 52. The appeal challenged the Court of Appeal’s conclusion that the Competition Appeal Tribunal ( CAT) was wrong to refuse certification of follow-on FX collective proceedings on an opt-out basis. The Supreme Court rejected the banks’ appeal and affirmed the Court of Appeal’s ruling. Background In May 2019, the European Commission adopted two settlement decisions finding that five banks breached Article 101 TFEU by sharing confidential information and coordinating trading strategies in the FX spot market ( AT.40135). In December 2019, two proposed class representatives ( Mr Philip Evans and Michael O’ Higgins FX Class...
Mergers The Commission registered notification in PSPIB/4F/ VSA/ Citrosuco ( M.12265) under the simplified merger route—see also, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker for current merger probes... Antitrust A hearing took place in Case C-762/24 P Conserve Italia and Conserves France v Commission, appealing the General Court’s judgment in Case T-59/22, which annulled the Commission’s decision in Canned vegetables ( AT.40127)—see further, application. For all live antitrust appeals before the Court of Justice, consult the Court of Justice appeals—ongoing cases tracker... State aid The Commission has cleared under EU State aid rules: a German scheme (€1.6bn) to roll out public fast-charging stations for electric heavy-duty vehicles (e- HDVs) at non-serviced rest areas on German motorways—see press release a Hungarian scheme (€14.1bn) to back strategic investments expanding clean technology (cleantech) manufacturing in line with the Clean Industrial Deal—see press release France’s compensation to Institut National de...
Antitrust Court of Appeal refuses permission to appeal High Court judgment dismissing competition damages claim against MGA for lack of causation The Court of Appeal issued its judgment in Cabo Concepts Limited and another v MGA Entertainment ( UK) Limited and another, on an application by Cabo Concepts Limited ( Cabo) for permission to appeal against a High Court order that had dismissed its action against MGA Entertainment ( MGA). The High Court had dismissed the competition damages claim for lack of causation. Background MGA is a leading toy manufacturer. In 2017, Cabo introduced its Worldeez collectable toy range, presenting it as a travel‑themed alternative to MGA’s hugely successful LOL Surprise! brand. Having approached UK retailers, Cabo struggled to obtain meaningful orders from them. It subsequently alleged that MGA had undermined the launch by asserting that the Worldeez globe design infringed LOL Surprise! and by...
Antitrust CMA publishes case study regarding its investigation into 10 construction firms who breached competition by rigging bids for contracts The CMA has issued a comprehensive case study stemming from its investigation into 10 construction firms, which were fined over £60m for breaching the Chapter I prohibition of the Competition Act 1998 by engaging in cover bidding within demolition and asbestos-removal tenders. These breaches, occurring between 2013 and 2018, impacted 19 contracts valued at more than £150m across both public and private clients. Every firm colluded at least once to lodge a knowingly losing tender—either by inflating prices or offering an inferior service—and four directors were disqualified for a combined period approaching 25 years. In its reflections, the CMA stresses that businesses must not: Agree to submit or alter bids so a competitor can ‘win’, or accept any compensation for doing so; Enter...
Mergers The CMA made public the full text of its phase 1 clearance decision in relation to anticipated acquisition by Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. ......
Antitrust Commission fines automotive starter battery manufacturers and association €72m for cartel conduct The Commission adopted an infringement decision imposing aggregate fines of €72m overall on three automotive starter battery manufacturers ( Exide, FET (including its predecessor Elettra) and Rombat) and on a trade association ( EUROBAT) for their role in a cartel involving automotive starter batteries. Clarios escaped a fine after disclosing the cartel to the Commission under the 2006 Leniency Notice. Cases against Banner and Kellen have been closed. The investigation determined that, between 2005 and 2017, the four manufacturers, supported by EUROBAT, coordinated the setting, publication and application of industry-wide EUROBAT premiums based on their lead procurement costs. These premiums were printed in the Metal Bulletin and used during price negotiations with car and lorry manufacturers in the EEA to keep surcharge levels above those that would otherwise have...
Digital Markets Act High- Level Group on the Digital Markets Act endorses joint paper on the regulatory interplay related to AI issues The High- Level Group ( HLG) for the Digital Markets Act ( DMA) convened for the fifth time. It approved a joint document exploring how AI-related regulatory frameworks intersect with the DMA. Comprising telecoms, data protection, consumer and competition authorities, the HLG seeks to ensure the DMA is implemented in a coherent manner alongside other regimes that oversee gatekeepers. The paper underlines the need to clarify the extent to which AI services are captured by the DMA’s scope and how current obligations should be applied......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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