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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Facts The defendant in the proceedings, Ms Lawrence, entered into a loan agreement with a lender, for whom HNW, the claimant in the matter, acted as the security agent for the lender. The purpose of the loan agreement was to help finance Ms Lawrence’s development of a property. That property was also secured separately by a legal mortgage, operating as continuing security to the lender under the loan terms. Although HNW was not itself a party to the loan agreement, the loan agreement nonetheless contained an express provision said to grant HNW certain third party rights to enforce its terms; namely, that, even though HNW Lending Ltd was not a party to this Loan Agreement, HNW Lending Ltd could take the benefit of and specifically enforce each and every express term of the Loan Agreement, together with any term implied under it pursuant to the...
In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Nuclear energy Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Key developments and materials Access secured to six market-leading energy law titles We are pleased to confirm the expansion of our Lexis+ Legal Research service through an exclusive licence from Globe Law and Business to publish six premier energy law titles. We are currently embedding links to these works within relevant Practical Guidance in the Energy module on Lexis+. In the meantime, the titles can be reached directly: The AIPN Joint Operating Agreement: A Practical Guide Carbon Capture and Storage Energy and Resources Financing: A Practical Handbook Energy Storage: Legal and Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities Solar Power: A Practical Handbook Wind: Projects and Transactions Great British Energy Act 2025 This Act sets out provisions for Great British Energy, a new entity wholly owned by the UK...
In this issue Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Key developments and materials The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero ( DESNZ) has confirmed that the Great British Energy ( GBE) Bill has completed its passage through Parliament, with legislative consent secured from all three devolved governments. The Act creates GBE, a new publicly owned energy company, backed by £8.3bn of government funding during the current parliamentary term. GBE will invest in clean power across the UK, including: £200m for new rooftop solar and other renewable schemes for schools, hospitals and...
LNB News 12/05/2025 14 What is the background to the publication of the Law Society Practice Note on climate change and property transactions? In April 2023, the Law Society of England and Wales released guidance on solicitors’ duties when advising on climate change. At that point, it was signalled that additional materials would follow for distinct areas of practice. The first of these has now been issued as a Practice Note on climate change and property (the Note), dated 12 May 2025. From the outset, it should be emphasised that the Note does not suggest that lawyers must, or ought to, become experts on the prospective effects of climate change. Instead, it alerts real estate professionals to categories of climate-related risk that may influence the property sector, and indicates how such risks may intersect with the advice they give and the deals they conduct for...
In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Key developments and materials Access secured to six market-leading energy law titles We are pleased to announce we have recently expanded our Lexis+ Legal Research portfolio with licensed access to six industry-leading energy law titles. Where appropriate and relevant, links to these titles will be added to our Practical Guidance in due course......
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Nuclear energy Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts Dates for your diary Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing DESNZ launches consultation on revised energy infrastructure National Policy Statements The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero ( DESNZ) has opened a consultation on refreshed National Policy Statements ( NPS) for energy infrastructure, running from 24 April to 29 May 2025. The review proposes revisions to three NPS documents: the overarching energy framework ( EN-1), renewable energy infrastructure ( EN-3), and electricity networks infrastructure ( EN-5). Headline updates comprise: alignment with the Clean Power 2030 goals; fresh guidance for onshore wind after its return to the...
Barclays Bank plc v VEB. RF [2024] EWHC 3088 ( Comm) Contrary to this, the Russian bank commenced proceedings in the Russian courts. The English bank applied to the English courts for anti‑suit and anti‑enforcement injunctions, which were granted. The Russian bank then initiated arbitration proceedings, as it was originally required to do. During the contractual notice period, however, the English bank notified the Russian bank that the dispute should be transferred to the English courts. The Russian bank maintained that the English bank had waived that right......
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers No Weekly Highlights on 24 April 2025 Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem publishes modified RIIO-2 RIGs and RRPs for electricity and gas networks Ofgem has issued updated iterations of the RIIO-2 Regulatory Instructions and Guidance ( RIGs) and the Regulatory Reporting Packs ( RRPs) for electricity distribution, electricity transmission, and gas transmission networks. An amended Price Control Financial Model Guidance for gas transmission has also been released. Introduced through notices dated 21 February 2025, the revisions reflect stakeholder feedback and are designed to clarify reporting duties for network licensees. They apply straight away, and Ofgem confirms that annual...
What is the background to the TMO4+ grid connection reforms? TMO4+, short for ‘ Target Model Option 4 Plus’, is an extensive suite of reforms led by NESO (originally initiated by its predecessor, National Grid Electricity System Operator ( NGESO)), and supervised—and now approved—by Ofgem, reshaping the process for securing connections to the electricity transmission and distribution networks in GB. The TMO4+ package developed from earlier ‘ TMO4’ proposals (‘first ready, first connected’) put forward by NGESO as its preferred option in the Connections Reform: Final Recommendations Report ( December 2023). That work aimed to deliver the ambition set by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero ( DESNZ) and Ofgem of grid ‘transmission connection dates being offered to customers on average no more than 6 months beyond the date requested for viable, net zero aligned...
Late last year, the Home Office issued a policy paper. It was triggered by a House of Lords committee review into the effect of MSA 2015. While the committee hailed MSA 2015 as pioneering, it emphasised that ‘the world has changed and best practice has moved on’. It urged government to introduce ‘proportionate sanctions’ for organisations that fail to comply with the Act’s obligations; most notably the annual requirement for companies to report on measures to identify and prevent modern slavery. The report also portrays a ‘current approach of no enforcement’ in relation to MSA 2015. Under the Act, businesses with turnover exceeding £36m must publish a yearly slavery and human trafficking statement. However, it does not set out what that statement must contain. The policy paper further notes that, although the Home Secretary can seek an injunction to enforce...
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Energy disputes Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem launches second consultation on energy code reform implementation Ofgem has opened a second consultation to gather views on delivering energy code reform under the Energy Act 2023 ( En A 2023). It spans key areas: the overall approach to code change, Stakeholder Advisory Forums arrangements, cross-cutting consequential updates to codes, cost recovery for the Balancing and Settlement Code ( BSC) and Retail Energy Code ( REC), directing central system delivery bodies, as well as Ofgem’s transition roadmap for implementation. This follows the regulator’s August 2024 policy decision from its first implementation consultation. Responses are due by 29 May 2025. See: LNB News...
In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Lex Talk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials Built environment industry responses to the Spring Statement 2025 Following the Spring Statement on 26 March 2025, a range of built environment bodies shared their reactions. Renewable UK welcomed the decision to remove Climate Change Levy costs from electricity used to produce green hydrogen. See: LNB News 27/03/2025 54. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Electricity Code Modifications All current changes to the Connection and Use of System Code ( CUSC), the Grid Code ( GC), the System Owner - Transmission Owner Code ( STC) and the Security and Quality Supply Standard ( SQSS) are consolidated on NESO’s...
In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q& A Key developments and materials Spring Statement 2025— Key Energy announcements Delivered to Parliament on 26 March 2025, the Spring Statement 2025 saw the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon Rachel Reeves MP, set out economic projections alongside refreshed tax and public spending plans, following the Autumn Budget 2024. For a recap of the principal Autumn Budget 2024 measures affecting energy and environmental policy, see LNB News 30/10/2024 68. Although the Spring Statement 2025 contained only limited energy‑specific changes, we highlight the principal announcements relevant to the sector......
In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials Ofgem publishes agreement on working arrangements with ACER and UREGNI Ofgem has released an agreement that sets out revised working arrangements with the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators ( ACER) and Northern Ireland’s Utility Regulator ( UREGNI). The Trade and Cooperation Agreement requires this arrangement as part of the UK’s post‑ Brexit engagement with the EU. See: LNB News 14/03/2025 6. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Electricity Code Modifications NESO’s Modification Tracker now consolidates all live changes to the Connection and Use of System Code ( CUSC), the Grid Code ( GC), the...
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Nuclear energy Planning issues in energy projects International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem publishes determinations on code manager selection for REC and BSC Ofgem has issued two determinations, setting out its conclusions under section 187(1) of the Energy Act 2023 to move ahead with appointing code managers for the Balancing and Settlement Code ( BSC) and the Retail Energy Code ( REC) without running a competition. As a consequence, both the Retail Energy Code Company Ltd and Elexon Ltd will, respectively, be asked to provide a licensing assessment form. Ofgem will subsequently review the submissions and confirm whether it proposes to award each entity a licence. See: LNB News...
Our verdict The Planning and Infrastructure Bill reached Parliament on 11 March 2025. It sits at the heart of the Labour government’s programme and aligns with its stated missions, which include kickstarting economic growth and making Britain a clean energy superpower, as well as its broader commitments to reform the planning regime to support development—including the delivery of 1.5 million new homes over the course of the current parliament. It is, by any standard, an ambitious package of legislation. However, even though many of the measures proposed are encouraging for developers, especially the reintroduction of spatial planning and the updating of National Policy Statements, significant challenges and uncertainties remain in practice, particularly concerning the sufficient and sustained resourcing of LPAs. LPAs will gain new powers to set their own planning fees, rather than rates being set nationally by the Secretary of State as is...
What are the key proposals in the consultation? Novel nuclear technologies—small and advanced modular reactors EN-7 will be the first national planning policy crafted specifically to cater for, and govern, nuclear generation beyond conventional gigawatt-scale stations. In particular, EN-7 will extend to small modular reactors ( SMRs) and advanced modular reactors ( AMRs). SMRs are compact iterations of established light water reactor designs, whereas AMRs are distinguished by innovative fuels and alternative cooling methods. This represents a significant break from earlier policy and is meant to enable nuclear schemes to be delivered in settings and for uses where large fission plants are ill-suited... A new approach to locating nuclear generation The existing NPS for nuclear generation ( EN-6) named eight sites regarded as potentially appropriate for gigawatt-scale nuclear developments, at which promoters could seek consent to build a station. Those sites were chosen following the...
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Oil and gas International energy Lex Talk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem issues direction to Elexon as MHHS implementation manager Ofgem directs Elexon, acting as the Market-wide Half- Hourly Settlement ( MHHS) implementation manager. The notice covers how progress on MHHS delivery is reported and the oversight and management of MHHS testing cohorts. See: LNB News 28/02/2025 40. Electricity Code Modifications A single view of all live changes to the Connection and Use of System Code ( CUSC), the Grid Code ( GC), the System Owner - Transmission Owner Code ( STC) and the Security and Quality Supply Standard ( SQSS) is now...
Overview Hydrogen is the universe’s most plentiful chemical element and, in some uses and certain applications, yields only water at the point of use. Although the fuel itself is colourless, it is often labelled by ‘colours’ according to the production route, depending on how it is produced. Black, brown and grey hydrogen arise from coal or natural gas, with grey presently the most widespread form produced and currently the most commonly produced type. Blue hydrogen likewise originates from natural gas, but its manufacture is paired with carbon capture and storage to deliver a more carbon neutral variant. Green hydrogen, by contrast, relies on renewable electricity (for example, from solar or wind) to split water through electrolysis. Because electricity is the key input, green hydrogen sits within the so‑called ‘power‑to‑x’ world of technologies and applications which are attracting significant investment. Together, green and blue...
In this issue: Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Conventional power, waste-to-energy, biomass, and CHP International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Energy Bill Relief Scheme and Energy Bills Discount Scheme ( Amendment) Regulations 2025 SI 2025/204: The instrument abolishes the need to work out and apply the core rebates under the Energy Bill Relief Scheme and the Energy Bills Discount Scheme where supply to non-domestic customers is from a supplier that has been ‘off-boarded’ from those programmes. It takes effect on 13 March 2025. See: LNB News 26/02/2025 32. Ofgem confirms Q2 2025 energy price cap rise Ofgem has announced a 6.4% rise in the energy price cap for Q2 2025, covering 1 April to 30 June...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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