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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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In this issue: Trade in goods Subsidies and countervailing measures Customs Lex Talk®International Trade: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Trade in goods EU moves to curb Chinese access to medical-device government contracts MLex reports that, on 2 June 2025, a broad majority of EU member states backed a plan to limit Chinese medical-device manufacturers’ access to EU public procurement tenders above €5m. The step is intended to create a level playing field for home-grown businesses, which face hurdles entering China. EU trade chief Maroš Šefčovič is set to meet his Chinese counterpart, Wang Wentao, in Paris on 3 June 2025 to continue further talks aimed at settling the dispute. See News Analysis: EU moves to curb Chinese access to medical-device government contracts......
The IEEPA The IEEPA, passed in 1977, gives the president authority to control importation, yet it does not confer a power to tax, as that was not Congress’s intent, the court declared in its opinion and order. Congress routinely sets boundaries when it expressly grants tariff powers, including in separate legislation just before the IEEPA was enacted, but this law contains no such limits, the court noted. As a result, Trump’s effort to use it to levy China, Canada and Mexico, and later most of the world, would have no bounds, the court said. The court added, ‘the power to regulate is not the power to tax’. It further stated, ‘the Constitution treats the power to regulate and the power to impose tariffs separately because they are not substitutes’. The toymakers ( Learning Resources Inc and Hand2Mind Inc, both led by CEO Richard...
In this issue: Trade in goods Customs Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trade in goods International Trade Court quashes Trump’s tariffs Law360, London: On 29 May 2025, the US Court of International Trade held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not confer upon the president the ‘unbounded authority’ to levy tariffs on goods from virtually every country in the world, delivering a clear win for small businesses and states contesting elements of President Donald Trump’s steep duties. See News Analysis: International Trade Court strikes down Trump’s tariffs......
In this issue: WTO Free trade agreements Customs Daily and weekly news alerts WTO Russia launches WTO dispute against EU CBAM Russia lodged a request for consultations at the World Trade Organization ( WTO), contesting the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism ( EU CBAM). The challenge concerns EU Regulation 2023/956 creating the CBAM, Directive 2003/87/ EC on emissions trading, and associated implementing acts......
In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Anti-dumping Safeguards Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content WTO WTO outlines reform agenda and negotiation priorities ahead of 2026 Ministerial Conference The World Trade Organization’s Trade Negotiations Committee has set out an ambitious plan for wide-ranging institutional reform in the run-up to the 14th Ministerial Conference scheduled for March 2026. The Director- General has tabled dedicated workstreams covering dispute settlement overhauls, the modernisation of WTO accords, and the shaping of prospective trade rules. The programme is to unfold in three stages: initial scoping before the conference, ministerial steer at MC14, then implementation afterwards. Negotiations continue across agriculture, fisheries subsidy disciplines, e-commerce, investment facilitation, and development matters, with a progress stocktake slated for July 2025 to decide which topics advance to MC14. See: LNB News 08/05/2025 15. Trade in goods Trump, Starmer announce limited deal to cut...
To deliver this, the US will revise its 2 April 2025 reciprocal tariffs administrative order, which had set a 34% duty on Chinese imports, and cut the rate to 10%. It will void the order that would have pushed this duty to 125%. In step, China confirmed it will charge only a 10% duty on US goods and likewise place a 90‑day pause on extra duties. It will drop other retaliatory duties in this tit-for-tat tariff war......
On 8 May 2025, Rain Newton- Smith, chief executive of the Confederation of British Industry, argued that the narrow trade agreement should open the door to closer collaboration so both economies can thrive. The US and UK confirmed a tariff reduction covering more than US$400bn in goods and services, unveiled the same day by President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Keir Starmer. Newton- Smith added that, once the immediate reaction subsides, it will be vital to assess the consequences and join forces with partners to broaden its scope, and urged ministers to engage with business to clarify how best to capitalise on the opportunities the deal offers. Announced on television following a phone call between Trump and Starmer, the arrangement trims duties on British cars from 25% to 10% and lifts tariffs on selected metals, according to the two leaders. A 10%...
High Court Judge Pushpinder Saini threw out a legal challenge by a subsidiary of Caterpillar to decisions by the Trade Remedies Authority ( TRA) and the Department for Business and Trade concerning an investigation into alleged dumping of Chinese-made excavators in the UK market at unrealistically low prices. Judge Saini dismissed the Caterpillar affiliate’s claim, ruling it should not have progressed because the decisions under attack had been superseded, so the dispute would yield no practical outcome. The company had taken aim at the TRA’s ‘provisional affirmative determination’ that various excavators produced in China by Caterpillar ( Xuzhou) Ltd were being dumped in the UK, alongside a recommendation that government apply an additional rate of import duty to those machines. That determination sits within the authority’s ongoing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigation into the excavator market......
Announced at a televised news conference following a call between Trump and Starmer, the agreement will reduce duties on British cars from 25% to 10% and scrap levies on selected metals, according to both leaders. It will also head off any additional tariffs on more than $400bn in bilateral trade in goods and services between the UK and the US, they added. At the briefing, Trump described it as a deal pushed to the limit that he intends to expand, saying it will grow of its own accord. On 2 April 2025, the US government set a 10% default tariff on most UK imports, alongside a 25% charge on cars and metals including aluminium and steel. Trump subsequently delayed the full tariff schedule for 90 days, keeping the 10% rate in place during the pause......
In this issue: Trade in goods Customs Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trade in goods Trump ends cross-stacking on select US tariffs MLex reports that US President Donald Trump, in an executive order published on 29 April 2025, scrapped the cross-stacking of tariffs covering vehicle components, imports from Canada and Mexico, as well as aluminium and steel. See News Analysis: Trump eliminates cross-stacking of certain US tariffs in new executive order......
Within the directive, Trump stated that specific tariffs would not stack with each other, indicating that charges set by one directive would not be applied on top of those levies introduced through separate measures......
In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Anti-dumping Subsidies and countervailing measures Customs Daily and weekly news alerts WTO Chief Economist forecasts global trade decline amid rising tariffs The WTO’s Chief Economist on 16 April 2025 issued projections signalling a 0.2% drop in global merchandise trade volumes for 2025, overturning earlier growth expectations. Climbing tariffs and uncertainty over trade policy are identified as principal causes, with US– China bilateral duties now surpassing 100%. The assessment indicates that possible reciprocal US tariffs could trim a further 0.6 percentage points from trade growth, while services trade is anticipated to expand by 4.0% in 2025, below the 5.1% baseline outlook. See: LNB News 17/04/2025 39 and LNB News 17/04/2025 38. WTO DSB Panel established to review EU duties on Chinese battery electric vehicles At its meeting on 25 April 2025, the WTO Dispute...
In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Free trade agreements Anti-dumping Customs Lex Talk® International Trade: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts No Weekly Highlights on 24 April 2025 WTO WTO Goods Council reviews new trade concerns and US national security tariffs The World Trade Organisation’s ( WTO) Council for Trade in Goods examined 35 specific concerns on 11 April 2025, with four newly raised topics on EU fluorinated gas rules, India’s import restrictions, the Philippines’ mineral export controls, and US tariff measures. The United States defended its recent duties under the WTO’s security exceptions, pointing to a national emergency declaration tied to trade deficits. The Council also noted a compliance update showing a 77.2% overall rate of trade notification submissions, and elected Mr Gustavo Nerio Lunazzi of Argentina as the new Chair. See: LNB News...
This latest increase is again in response to the White House’s escalated tariffs, the Customs Tariff Commission of China’s State Council said in a statement on 11 April 2025. As of 11 April 2025, China’s retaliatory tariffs stand currently at 84%, following a rise from 34% that took effect on 10 April 2025. The Chinese cabinet unit said that, at current tariff levels, there is no market acceptance for US goods exported to China at present. It added that, therefore, if the US continues to impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods exported to the US, China will disregard them, signalling this could be the last tariff hike from China. The White House clarified on 10 April 2025 that the US has now imposed 145% additional tariffs on China, including a 20% punitive tariff over Chinese shipments of ingredients for fentanyl to North...
In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Customs Lex Talk® International Trade: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content WTO WTO announces Canada- US GATT consultation request On 7 April 2025, the World Trade Organization ( WTO) confirmed that Canada has begun formal dispute consultations with the United States, alleging breaches of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT) 1994. Consultations represent the opening step of the WTO dispute process, allowing 60 days for a negotiated resolution before a panel can be sought. The contested measures are listed in WT/ DS637/1. See: LNB News 07/04/2025 37. WTO announces China’s consultation request against US over trade measures On 8 April 2025, the WTO reported that China has requested consultations with the US, asserting that US measures contravene GATT 1994, the Agreement on Customs...
After unveiling a pause to tariff hikes on Truth Social, President Donald Trump told reporters at the White House that he believes China wants to reach an agreement but is unsure how to proceed ( Pool via AP). On the platform, he said more than 75 nations had contacted US government officials to explore talks on tariff and non-tariff barriers, prompting him to implement a 90-day suspension of the higher reciprocal rates. Those increases had begun at 12:01am on Wednesday 9 April 2025... However, he noted the 10% global baseline levy on imports from all countries will remain in effect during the suspension. The executive order updating the reciprocal tariffs was not issued immediately. In his social media post, Trump added that increased tariff rates on China would apply at once, citing what he described as a lack of respect China has shown to the...
China has responded by placing 12 US firms on its export control list, among them American Photonics, a maker of precision infrared laser optics and coatings, and Exovera, an AI-driven analytics platform. The Ministry of Commerce ( Mofcom) has also named a further six US companies to its unreliable-entity list over their roles in arms sales to Taiwan. Those businesses, including aerospace technology firm Shield AI and trading house Hudson Technologies, will be barred from any China-related import and export dealings from tomorrow. In addition, China has filed another case at the World Trade Organization against the US, its fourth since Trump’s inauguration in January 2025. On 9 April 2025, Mofcom added that any move by Byte Dance to divest Tik Tok must follow Chinese regulations, such as securing approval for technology export, thereby erecting regulatory hurdles for any...
On Wednesday 2 April 2025, Trump slapped a 34% levy on every import from China, branding it among the 'worst trade offenders' together with 24 other economies, such as the EU, Vietnam, Cambodia and Turkey. Having returned to office in January, Trump had already rolled out two separate 10% duties on all Chinese imports. As a result, Chinese products entering the US will, from 9 April 2025, face combined tariffs of at least 54%. Following the first two US moves, China hit back with 10–15% duties aimed at selected American imports. This time, though, its 34% countermeasure is applied uniformly to all US goods without exception......
In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Customs Lex Talk® International Trade: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts WTO US halts financial contributions to the World Trade Organisation. MLex: The US has paused its financial contributions to the World Trade Organisation ( WTO) while a review of all overseas aid contributions is undertaken, a US government official said. See News Analysis: US suspends financial contributions to World Trade Organisation. Trade in goods Trump announces semi-reciprocal tariffs on most US trading partners. MLex: President Donald Trump stated his administration is applying reciprocal tariffs on imports from US trading partners, totalling......
According to an official, the Trump administration announced the halt at a WTO budget meeting in mid‑ February 2025, stating the payments were frozen as part of President Donald Trump’s 20 January 2025 executive order pausing all foreign aid for a 90‑day review period process......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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