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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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Mergers— Commission opens in-depth investigation into proposed acquisition of stake in ITA Airways by Lufthansa Brussels, 23 January 2024 The European Commission has formally initiated a thorough inquiry, under the EU Merger Regulation, to evaluate the planned acquisition of joint control of ITA Airways ( ITA) by Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( Lufthansa) together with the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance ( MEF)......
Belgian officials, who are steering negotiations for national governments during Belgium’s six-month stint chairing the Council of the EU, said they will uphold the freedom afforded to Member States when shaping auctions to roll out renewable energy, allowing them to treat the resilience contribution either as a pre-qualification requirement or as an award criterion. They added they will also uphold the course agreed by governments last December on using non-price criteria in auctions. Under that approach, such criteria would initially cover at least 20 percent of the annual volume auctioned in each Member State, with the share rising over time via implementing acts put forward by the European Commission and informed by assessments......
According to MLex, officials at the European Commission are seeking a summary of the many agreements digital platforms have struck with artificial intelligence developers. Last week, the Commission announced it was inviting public input on competition risks arising from nascent AI technology—and, at the same time, dispatched questionnaires to major tech firms concerning their collaborations in this area. Amazon stated it was among those approached. Big tech has pledged billions to AI......
Overview Section 77 of the Courts and Civil ( Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2023 ( Ireland) updates section 117 of the Data Protection Act 2018 ( Ireland) ( DPA 2018 ( IRL)), granting the District Court the power to hear and determine data protection actions, and this change is now in force. The expansion of jurisdiction to handle data protection claims is a positive development, set against the backdrop of the recent Kaminski v Ballymaguire Foods Ltd [2023] IECC 5, where it was determined that modest compensation......
European Data Act enters into force, putting in place new rules for a fair and innovative data economy Today, the European Data Act takes effect. The framework sets out who may access and use data produced within the EU across all sectors of the economy, and will simplify sharing, notably of industrial data. The Act brings greater fairness to the digital ecosystem by spelling out who is entitled to derive value from data and under what terms. By clarifying roles and benefits, it sets fair conditions for value creation EU-wide. It will also boost a dynamic, innovative data marketplace by opening up industrial data and offering legal certainty on data use. Margrethe Vestager, Executive Vice- President for a Europe fit for the Digital Age, said: ‘ This is a significant step on our path to digital transformation. With clear rules on data, we give users...
Enforcement against Google over its use of location data proposed by the Irish data protection authority has been subject to objections by other EU watchdogs Plans by Ireland’s data protection authority to take enforcement action over Google’s use of location data have met with objections raised by other EU regulators. In October 2023, the Irish DPC shared a provisional decision with fellow EU data authorities for review, in line with the procedure used for cross-border GDPR cases. Helen Dixon, the head of the Irish watchdog, told MLex today that a total of four objections had been filed against that draft......
The DMA As the EU’s flagship rule for digital platforms, the DMA seeks to curb the influence of giants such as Apple, Amazon, Google and Microsoft. It lays down obligations around interoperability, default choices and the sharing of data, designed to let business users challenge digital marketplaces. The regime starts on 6 March 2024; and on 15 January 2024, Google adjusted its services to meet the prohibition on merging personal data between distinct platforms......
Summary The GDPR stands as the principal EU legislation securing the fundamental right to personal data protection...
Helen Dixon, the departing head of Ireland’s Data Protection Commission ( DPC), said in an interview with MLex conducted today that Meta delivered its views to her office late last night. The submission responds to a draft report from Dixon’s regulator, together with views sent by other EU data protection authorities, regarding Meta’s decision to offer paid, ad-free versions of both Facebook and Instagram alike......
This year, Brazil's data protection regulator plans to initiate steps for Brazil and the EU to align with each other's data transfer requirements, and to formalise Brazil's accession pathway to the Council of Europe's Convention 108+, said agency Director Arthur Sabbat. Convention 108 is a multilateral instrument that steers the processing of personal data, with particular focus on the cross-border movement and handling of information......
The responsibility of the gazettes' publishers as data controllers The EU Court of Justice held that publishers of official gazettes act as data controllers determining the purposes and means of processing, and that this duty applies irrespective of their legal status or any obligation to republish. A national gazette has sole responsibility for meeting the requirements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation ( EU) 2016/679, unless national rules establish joint responsibility. Under the EU GDPR, several controllers can share responsibility for processing personal data. From the material before it, the court concluded that Belgian law had, at least implicitly, set the objectives and methods for the Moniteur Belge’s processing of personal data, thereby qualifying the gazette as a controller within the meaning of Article 4(7) GDPR. The reference arose from the Belgian Court of Appeal, which sought guidance on overall...
The case stems from a dispute between three pharmacists Dr Hermann Vogel has brought a claim against pharmacists Holger Neubert and Michael Spiegel regarding their sale of pharmacy‑only medicines on Amazon Marketplace. Since 2017, the defendants have offered non‑prescription, pharmacy‑only products via that platform. These remedies, such as treatments for eye infections, do not require a prescription; however, they are not placed on open shelves and the dispensing pharmacist must provide advice on proper use. Alongside asking whether competitors may sue under the EU GDPR, Germany’s Federal Court of Justice has queried if order data from online purchases of pharmacy‑only medicines amounts to health data within Article 9 of the EU GDPR. In an earlier matter involving Meta Platforms, the Court of Justice confirmed that an association can bring GDPR actions, yet the EU GDPR contains no provisions enabling...
According to the General Data Protection Regulation ( GDPR), individuals may pursue claims for material and non-material harm arising from violations of personal data rights (see GDPR, Article 82 and section 117 of the Data Protection Act 2018 ( Ireland) ( DPA 2018 ( IRL)). Recent guidance on the valuation of non-material damage has been sharpened by the decision earlier this year in Kaminski v Ballymaguire Foods Ltd [2023] IECC 5. In that ruling, the case addressed in this article was expressly cited and described as ‘important for potential future actions concerning data breaches and claims for damages’. It was also asserted that the relevant data breach triggered acute stress and anxiety with physical symptoms, meaning the claim extended beyond non-material loss and not merely non-material damages......
Joint industry statement on the EU AI Act On 27 November 2023, in Brussels, we—the signatory associations, representing European and international companies within the information technology sector—have been monitoring progress and developments in the inter-institutional Trilogue negotiations on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act. As these negotiations move towards finalising the Act, we wish to voice our concerns about the trajectory of the current proposals to regulate General Purpose AI ( GPAI) systems and AI foundation models, which contain divergent and ambiguous scopes and definitions. These proposals fail to recognise the complexity of the AI value chain and are misaligned with the AI Act’s technology-neutral, risk-based approach, which governs the use of AI systems according to risk, not the types as they stand now......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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