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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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The SRP The SRP is a thorough evaluation of a scheme’s adherence to the governance and risk management obligations set by the Pensions Act (the Act), as amended by the IORP II directive. It applies to all occupational pension schemes, irrespective of size, nature, scale, or complexity. The Authority plans to examine every scheme over the coming years, with larger schemes expected to be chosen in 2025. This is a proactive, risk‑based supervisory approach designed to safeguard members’ and beneficiaries’ rights and to maintain the stability and resilience of schemes... The Authority holds wide‑ranging powers to seek information, documentation, and explanations from trustees, employers, registered administrators, and their agents; to enter premises, inspect records, and remove and retain documents; and to appoint an independent expert to produce a report on a scheme’s compliance with the Act’s general governance...
The Outlook Report details the Central Bank’s supervisory priorities and principal regulatory plans for the year, and shares its view of the main trends and threats influencing the financial services industry. It further includes three ‘ Spotlight’ chapters on consumer protection, artificial intelligence and geopolitical risk, topics of particular importance for the sector. Governor Makhlouf’s correspondence sets out the Central Bank’s financial regulation priorities, while the Dear CEO Letter outlines the Central Bank’s refreshed supervisory model and condenses the cross‑industry supervisory priorities and key regulatory initiatives examined in the Outlook Report. In the recent matter of Mary Tracy v. Smurfit Kappa Ireland Limited t/a the Educational Company of Ireland (decisions available here and here), the Workplace Relations Commission (the WRC) directed the employer to pay €64,000 in total for: (i) failing to consider or investigate any reasonable...
A recent ruling by the French data protection regulator ( CNIL) penalising a company for its ‘particularly intrusive surveillance’ of staff activity again underscores the dangers linked to employee monitoring and the necessity for careful assessment before putting such measures in place. Last year, we outlined the risks around employee oversight following the CNIL’s €32m fine against Amazon for deploying a system that tracked activity and performance. The debate has re-emerged with a fresh CNIL decision to fine a French real estate company €40,000 for disproportionate monitoring of employees, which we examine below. Background The CNIL initiated an inquiry into the French real estate company’s monitoring practices after receiving complaints. Its investigation established that, from September 2021 to October 2022, the company used software on the computers of certain employees to record working time and assess productivity within the context of remote working...
Code of Conduct for PRSA providers with respect to the producing, marketing and selling of PRSA products On 31 January 2025, following public consultation, the Pensions Authority (the ‘ Authority’) issued a revised ‘ Code of Conduct for PRSA providers with respect to the producing, marketing and selling of PRSA products’ (the ‘ Code’). Aimed at safeguarding contributors and supporting effective supervision of PRSA products, the Code introduces further provisions addressing: co-operation with regulatory and professional bodies; management of conflicts of interest; risk warnings for contributors; and sound product oversight and governance. PRSA providers (as defined in the Pensions Act 1990 to include, broadly, authorised investment firms and authorised insurance undertakings that produce, market or sell PRSA products) have six months to demonstrate compliance with the Code’s requirements (as detailed below). The Code takes effect from 1 August 2025......
In a non-binding opinion, EU Advocate General Nicholas Emiliou contended that the European Parliament and the Council of the EU lack the competence to legislate on minimum wages, recommending that the Court of Justice annul Directive ( EU) 2022/2041 (the Minimum Wage Directive). He noted that while the Parliament and Council may regulate working conditions under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ( TFEU), a central constitutional instrument of the EU, ‘pay’ is expressly carved out of that mandate, the adviser said. In his view, the term ‘pay’ should be understood to cover every aspect of Member States’ wage-setting frameworks, including the methods or procedures......
Background The complainant, a Brazilian citizen who has lived in Ireland since 2018, began working as a fashion buyer for the respondent, a Galway-based clothing retailer, on 2 August 2022. She held an Irish Residence Permit ( IRP) that authorised her to work lawfully and was subject to annual renewal. On 20 November 2023, well ahead of the 23 January 2024 expiry, she applied to the Department of Justice to renew the IRP. The respondent’s payroll administrator stated that, in November 2023, the complainant advised her that the IRP was nearing expiry and that she had already submitted the renewal application. Subsequently, on 23 January 2024, the respondent’s office manager identified that the complainant’s IRP was due to lapse that very day......
The Irish Employment Permits Act 2024 took effect on 2 September 2024, marking the most substantial revamp of permits legislation since 2006. The Employment Permits Act 2024 (the Act) seeks to modernise how non- EEA nationals are employed in Ireland, delivering increased flexibility and safeguards for both workers and employers. By amending the Employment Permits Acts 2003 and 2006, together with the Employment Permit Regulations 2017, the Act ushers in notable reforms to Irish employment permits. In this briefing, our employment specialists set out the headline changes. Changes made by the 2024 Act The Labour Market Needs Test ( LMNT) The LMNT regulates how vacancies arising in Ireland are filled. A position must first be offered to an Irish citizen and other EEA nationals, and that offer must be advertised for 28 days before the same post can be proposed to a non- EEA...
In 2021, the European Commission tabled a Platform Work Directive to improve conditions in platform-based work by, among other measures, ensuring accurate classification of platform workers’ employment status and advancing openness, fairness and accountability in the algorithmic oversight of their work. This marked the Commission’s attempt to bring the expanding gig economy under regulation. In December 2023, the preparatory bodies of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached a provisional deal on the Directive. Such provisional arrangements must still be formally endorsed by the Parliament and the Council (i.e. EU Member States)......
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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