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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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What is happening? Recommerce—encompassing reselling, renting, refilling, repairing, and the reuse of goods—is already a notably valuable business model, with Barclays estimating it to be worth almost £7bn in the UK alone, and Visa projecting that figure will rise to £82bn by 2030. This expansion, particularly regarding resale activity, is widely considered to be led by Gen Z consumers in particular; more than two thirds now prefer to buy second-hand rather than new items, partly motivated by sustainability concerns. Why does it matter? The concept of recommerce is, of course, not new. However, fuelled by luxury retailers such as Selfridges adopting recommerce-led models, the growing number of dedicated rental or resale platforms, including Poshmark and Vestiaire Collective, and a heightened focus on luxury goods overall, these business models appear to be steadily moving from strength to strength across the market today......
The artists' complaint Filed in California federal court on 3 May 2024, the artists’ lawsuit focuses on Imagen, a text‑to‑image diffusion system that employs machine learning to create pictures from user prompts. Comparable legal actions have been brought against other artificial intelligence ( AI) firms, this appears to be the first aimed at Google LLC’s iteration, their counsel told Law360 on 29 April 2024. Matthew Butterick, one of the solicitors for the artists, stated on 29 April 2024 that the pleading outlines another episode of a multi‑trillion‑dollar technology giant opting to train a commercial AI tool on others’ copyrighted material without consent, attribution or payment. The claim asserts that Imagen is trained by duplicating an enormous volume of digital images and extracting protected expression from those works. The artists said it relies on a dataset assembled by the non‑profit Large‑scale Artificial...
A cross-party alliance of MPs and peers in Parliament’s Upper House has issued a report showing that 77% of those polled regard AI-created music that fails to acknowledge the original artist as theft. Four in five respondents said the law should be amended to outlaw using an artist’s music to train AI software without that artist’s consent. Kevin Brennan, chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Music, said AI is exerting a profound influence on our musical landscape. He argued that the UK must seize AI’s transformative potential in shaping the future of music if it is to maintain its status as a powerhouse for music exports and the cultivation of world-class talent. Parliament, he warned, must confront the threat that unrestrained advances in AI could pose to the UK’s......
Open AI faces a complaint alleging a breach of the General Data Protection Regulation ( GDPR) linked to its generative AI chatbot, Chat GPT, lodged by Austrian campaign group Noyb alongside an individual claimant. The data protection organisation, co-founded by data protection activist Max Schrems, asserts Open AI supplied inaccurate details concerning the personal data of a publicly known individual — in this instance, namely his date of birth......
In this issue: New technologies Internet Media Reputation management Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies CMA publishes AI strategic update The Competition and Markets Authority ( CMA) has released its strategic update on artificial intelligence ( AI), setting out how it is enabling consumers and firms to benefit from AI progress. It also outlines the CMA’s approach to reducing potential AI risks and harms, expected enhancements to its powers, its collaboration with others on AI matters, and what it plans to do next. See: LNB News 30/04/2024 49. EU and Japan hold second Digital Partnership Council Following their second Digital Partnership Council, the EU and Japan signalled plans to deepen co‑operation between the EU AI Office and...
Various Claimants v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2024] EWHC 902 ( Ch) What are the practical implications of this case? This notable judgment examines when it is right to direct a trial of a preliminary issue before the main hearing. The court emphasised that limitation issues are often apt for early determination, and warned that if such questions are left to be decided only at the final trial, the policy basis of limitation law would be weakened. It also confirms that the governing approach to ordering a preliminary issue trial lies in the ten factors identified by Neuberger J in Steele v Steele [2001] CP Rep 106 (not reported by Lexis Nexis®UK). In brief, while limitation is frequently suitable for preliminary resolution, the court must still apply those factors when deciding whether a discrete issue should be tried first......
Social media companies face two possible restrictions on the way they can process data for personalised ads if judges follow a legal opinion issued for the EU’s top court on 25 April 2024 A non-binding opinion by Advocate General Athanasios Rantos for the Court of Justice, in the dispute between Meta Platforms and Austrian privacy advocate Max Schrems, signals two curbs on how platforms handle data for personalised advertising. He indicated that EU privacy rules bar firms from processing such data indefinitely, and that the mere fact information is public does not automatically justify its use for targeting ads. Data minimisation under the EU GDPR means companies cannot run targeted advertising with open-ended scope, either in duration or in the breadth of data involved, ruling out processing ‘without restriction as to time or type of data’. The case also examines whether...
In this issue: New technologies Internet Data protection Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Telecommunications Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q& A Useful information New technologies European Parliament passes EU AI Act Corrigenda On 23 April 2024, the European Parliament approved the Corrigenda to the EU AI Act, as neither the Internal Market and Consumer Protection ( IMCO) nor the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs ( LIBE) committees requested a vote on the corrigenda. The Corrigenda has now been dispatched to the Council of the EU for endorsement. The legislation is expected to enter into force in June 2024. See: LNB News 24/04/2024 62. The first Czech case on generative AI For the first time, Czech courts have directly...
In this matter, the claimant created an image using the DALL- E software application. The instruction read: 'produce a depiction of two parties signing a commercial contract in a formal environment, such as a conference room or a law firm office in Prague. Show only hands'. The claimant subsequently uploaded the resulting image to their own website. The defendant took the image from the claimant’s site and published it on their own. The claimant objected and, asserting authorship of the AI-generated picture, thereafter required that it be removed and not any longer shared or distributed or otherwise made available without their permission as author......
The Commission engaged with firms on a set of eight principles designed to curb the prevalence of cookie banners shown to people on their first visit to sites, aiming to make cookie choices more straightforward for users. EU Justice Commissioner Didier Reynders unveiled the pledge in March 2023 and was due to confirm which companies would sign up at a consumer summit in Brussels. Although businesses broadly embraced the initiative, a Commission spokesperson said in an e-mailed statement that most stakeholders involved judged a voluntary path on digital advertising to be premature, given the very recent roll-out of new rules in this area, including the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act......
The German e-commerce company was labelled a VLOP a year back, together with platforms such as Facebook, You Tube and Tik Tok. Roughly 20 services have to date been identified as VLOPs, placing them under the toughest obligations. It further means they fall under direct commission enforcement, and they are required to pay a levy that funds the commission’s policing of the rules. The bar for being named a VLOP is at least 45 million average monthly users. The commission stated last year that Zalando counts 83 million, a figure the company is challenging at the EU’s lower-tier General Court, arguing it wrongly captures visitors to its retail operation. Zalando has since submitted a new legal action at the General Court. The latest filing, entered on 15 April 2024, relates to the method by which the commission has computed Zalando’s...
In this issue: New technologies Internet Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Telecommunications Media Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies CMA releases update report on market risks for AI Foundation Models The Competition and Markets Authority ( CMA) has published an update setting out three principal threats to fair, open and effective competition linked to artificial intelligence ( AI) Foundation Models ( FM). The paper offers an overview, records material shifts in the FM sector since the CMA’s earlier report, sets out competition and consumer protection concerns, evaluates how the CMA’s principles could mitigate these issues, and explains the measures the CMA is undertaking to respond. It also details the CMA’s forthcoming steps for its AI FM programme of work, among other...
In this issue: New technologies Data protection Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Reputation management Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies Comparing the UK and EU approaches to AI regulation Law360: In February 2024, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology released the government’s response to its consultation, ‘ A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation’, which began in March 2023. See: Comparing the UK and EU approaches to AI regulation. European Commission adopts new safety measures for manned VTOL and drone operations The European Commission has brought in measures to tackle safety issues linked to emerging air mobility concepts and services, seeking to ensure operations match the safety of crewed aviation. They cover both crewed vertical take-off and landing ( VTOL)...
The response places strong emphasis on artificial intelligence ( AI) safety while seeking to nurture innovation, mirroring the UK’s continuing preference for light-touch oversight of AI when set against other major economies, notably the EU. As in Britain, the EU seeks to advance AI tools and guarantee responsible deployment, yet it has opted for a markedly different regulatory path. The EU AI Act establishes a harmonised EU legal regime to ensure that AI systems introduced to, and operated within, the EU market are safe, subject to risk management, and aligned with EU fundamental rights and values. After the European Parliament formally adopted the EU AI Act on 13 March 2024, and with Council approval expected shortly, the instrument is poised to become the world’s first comprehensive AI statute. The UK’s scope to diverge from EU rules is among the outcomes...
In this issue: New technologies Media Data protection Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q& A Useful information New technologies DSIT unveils UK– US Memorandum of Understanding on the science of AI safety. The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology ( DSIT), alongside the AI Safety Institute, confirmed that the United Kingdom and the United States have entered a partnership to jointly design tests for the most advanced artificial intelligence ( AI) models, systems and agents. The UK and US Safety Institutes will establish a shared methodology for AI safety testing, exchanging capabilities and insights to ensure current and emerging risks are addressed effectively. This arrangement is in force immediately. See: LNB News 02/04/2024 42. Media DBT announces new royalties for UK artists’ resales in Australia. The Department for Business and Trade ( DBT) stated that, from 1 April 2024, UK...
In this issue: New technologies Internet Media Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Telecommunications Data protection Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q& A Useful information New technologies UK AI regulation Bill completes second reading in House of Lords The UK Artificial Intelligence ( AI) regulation Bill has progressed through its second reading in the House of Lords. A broad discussion covering all elements of the Bill took place on 22 March 2024. It now proceeds to the committee stage, where it will receive a line-by-line review once scheduled. See: LNB News 26/03/2024 24. Ofcom publishes its strategic approach to AI for 2024–25 Ofcom has outlined its strategic approach to AI for 2024–25, aiming to realise the technology’s benefits while...
Worldcoin, a crypto initiative backed by Open AI’s chief executive, Sam Altman, has been barred from gathering certain data in Portugal, only weeks after a comparable sanction in Spain. Portugal’s data protection authority said it had instructed the Worldcoin Foundation to implement, within 24 hours, a temporary restriction on the collection of biometric information. It must cease harvesting that category of data for 90 days while the regulator finalises its inquiry and delivers a definitive ruling, the Portuguese DPA said. The Worldcoin scheme lets individuals confirm they are human online by submitting to biometric capture via bespoke, orb-shaped iris scanners. In return for enrolling for a World ID, applicants are granted a one-off allocation of the cryptocurrency, also named Worldcoin. The urgent interim measure taken by the Portuguese DPA follows dozens of......
As the regulator intensifies its oversight of online financial marketing to curb scams and limit consumer detriment, it stated on 26 March 2024 that several Big Tech platforms have updated their rules to permit financial adverts only from FCA‑approved and authorised firms. Google, Bing ( Microsoft), Meta, X/ Twitter and Tik Tok are among those that have implemented policy changes. On the same date, the FCA issued finalised guidance for firms using social media and finfluencers to engage consumers, warning that promotions lacking the required approvals could amount to a criminal offence. Recently, the watchdog reported that it had amended or removed more than 10,000 financial promotions in 2023, a 17% increase on the previous year. The FCA has repeatedly......
What do online services likely to be accessed by children need to consider? The ICO issued a refreshed Opinion on age assurance for the Children’s Code in January 2024, a little over two years after the initial publication. The updated document emphasises that this field is fast-moving, still advancing and in flux, with the recent growth in AI use and the commencement of the OSA 2023 driving changes to the earlier text. Although Ofcom will oversee the OSA 2023, Ofcom will draw upon the ICO’s work undertaken since the Children’s Code was first produced, and the two regulators have been—and continue to be—working closely together on these matters. Between the first and revised editions, the ICO shaped its guidance through focus groups and engagement with innovators, specialists, technologists and organisations. It also carried out voluntary audits, reviewing how online services recognise risks to...
In this issue: New technologies Internet Media Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Data protection Telecommunications Lex Talk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies Council of Europe AI Committee finalises AI, HR, Democracy and Rule of Law Framework Convention The Council of Europe Committee on Artificial Intelligence ( AI) has completed the Framework Convention on AI, Human Rights ( HR), Democracy and the Rule of the Law. Secretary General Marija Pejčinović Burić noted that this first‑of‑its‑kind treaty is intended to ensure the development of AI aligns with Council of Europe legal standards on human rights, democracy and the rule of the law. The draft will now be sent to the Committee of Ministers for adoption and will be opened for...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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