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UT: no estoppel or legitimate expectation to avoid Class 1A NICs; 1993 pooled-car agreement incompatible with ITEPA s167; FTT lacks jurisdiction on legitimate expectation (MWL International Ltd v HMRC)

Published on: 16 February 2026

Published by a LexisNexis Tax expert
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MWL International Ltd and another v HMRC [2026] UKUT 62 (TCC)

The businesses were trading entities that hired vehicles for directors to use as ‘mobile working offices’. Overnight, the vehicles routinely stayed at one director’s home, which also served as the company’s registered office. Every one of the directors also owned another car privately. No journey logs were maintained at all. In 1993, the Inland Revenue agreed to regard the vehicles as pooled cars under what is now section 167 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (ITEPA 2003), and therefore free from any NICs. The companies continued to depend on that agreement until HMRC determined that the vehicles were not pooled cars and that the companies were accordingly chargeable to Class 1A NICs for the 2015 to 2020 years. Before the First-tier Tax Tribunal (FTT), the companies appealed on three bases: first, that the vehicles were pooled...

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