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India, Bombay High Court clarifies emergency arbitrator relief is an order, not an award; enforceable via section 9 of the Indian Arbitration Act unless Part I is excluded

Published on: 11 December 2024

Published by a LexisNexis Arbitration expert
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Ashok Kumar Goel, Vyoman India Private Ltd, v EbixCash Ltd & others, No 25579 of 2024

What are the practical implications of this case?

This matter closely examines what amounts to an arbitral award and how it is to be distinguished from an order. Drawing on the landmark judgment in Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC v Future Retail Ltd and Others (2022) 1 SCC 209 (the Amazon.com Case), which recognised emergency arbitration, the court concluded that an emergency arbitrator’s award is, in substance, an order. The label attached to a decision cannot, by itself, demarcate ‘award’ from ‘order’; it is the essence of the determination that provides the real distinction. Only where the decision adjudicates any part of the merits of the dispute will it qualify as an arbitral award. With enforcement of foreign-seated emergency arbitration decisions in India still uncertain, this ruling offers a pathway to enforce an emergency arbitrator’s decision through section 9. However, before seeking relief under this provision, it is essential to satisfy two criteria...

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