Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Tying and bundling definition

What does Tying and bundling mean? Tying and bundling describe practices where a supplier makes access to a “tying” product conditional on taking a separate “tied” product, or sells products only as a package (pure or mixed bundling). This can be done by contract or by technical integration. In UK and Irish competition law the concepts are not exhaustively defined in statute, but are recognised in Article 102 TFEU (notably 102(d)) and applied under Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998 and the Irish Competition Act 2002, and developed in case law and authority guidance. They may constitute an abuse of dominance where: (1) the products...

Tying/bundling competition law checklist: distinct products, rationale, customer and competitor effects, and bundle pricing tests

Published by a LexisNexis Risk & Compliance expert

Precedents

As offerings become more technologically advanced and include integrated systems and features, assessing whether tying or bundling might be seen as anti-competitive grows more complex. This checklist is designed to help you weigh key competition law considerations before linking or packaging products. Always seek advice from [ insert, eg the legal team ] where indicated below, and if you have any queries or concerns...

1 Products and market

Evaluate whether the items proposed for a bundle or tie are genuinely separate products.

Can the products being bundled or tied be treated as distinct offerings?

Yes — consult [ insert, eg the legal team ], as bundling may adversely affect suppliers of stand‑alone products and thus harm competition
No — [Insert comments]

Do other organisations in the market use bundling and tying?...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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