Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Key definition
Parallel imports definition What does Parallel imports mean? Parallel imports (the “grey market”) describe the purchase of genuine, branded goods in one country and their importation for resale into another without the rights holder’s permission. They commonly arise in IP-heavy sectors (trade marks, copyright, designs, patents). The core legal issue is exhaustion of rights: if the relevant IP rights are exhausted in the destination market, resale is lawful; if not, importation and sale may infringe. This is a descriptive term, not a defined statutory label, but the rules are set by legislation and case law on exhaustion and infringement (for example, Trade Marks Act 1994, s12, and EU...
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Pre-action letter of claim template: UK trade mark infringement by parallel imports and repackaging, with undertakings schedule
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Precedents
[ Alleged infringer’s name and address ]
[ Date ]
Dear [ insert organisation name ],
[ UK trade mark registration number [ insert number ] ]
We act for [ name and address of client ] (‘our client’). Our client is the proprietor of UK trade mark registration number [ number ] for [ details of trade mark—eg word or logo ], recorded in [ class OR classes ] [ class numbers ] and covering [ among other things ] [ details of specification ] (the ‘Trade Mark’). An extract from the register for the Trade Mark accompanies this letter.
Importation into UK
It has come to our client’s notice that you are infringing the Trade Mark through the [ importation and Offer for sale ] in the UK of Goods [ bearing the Trade Mark OR the packaging of which bears the Trade Mark ], which have not been placed on the market in the [ EEA OR UK ] by our client nor with its consent (the ‘Actions’). Our client has evidence of the Actions, none of which our client has consented to...
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Web page updated on 22/05/2026
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Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
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