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United Kingdom

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Costs definition

What does Costs mean? In litigation, costs are the legal fees, disbursements, court fees and VAT incurred in bringing, defending or appealing a claim, and the sums a court or tribunal may order one party to pay another for those liabilities. The concept is governed by procedural rules and case law rather than a single statutory definition: England and Wales (CPR 44–47), Northern Ireland (RCJ Ord 62), Scotland (where the equivalent term is expenses), and Ireland (Legal Services Regulation Act 2015 and the Legal Costs Adjudicators). The general approach is broadly consistent, subject to local terminology and procedure. Typical features include the discretionary rule...

Commercial forfeiture: s55 AJA 1985 payment—lease alive or relief?

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It is assumed that the landlord has instituted proceedings to forfeit the lease due to non-payment of rent. Given the claim has succeeded, it is further assumed the lease contained a clause authorising re-entry upon non-payment of rent, and that either the arrears were duly demanded or section 210 of the Common law Procedure Act 1852 applies, with at least six months’ rent outstanding and insufficient distress available on the premises to satisfy the arrears, in which situation any demand is dispensed with. There is likewise no requirement to serve a notice under section 146 of the Law of Property Act 1925 where the breach relied upon is non-payment of rent. In matters of Forfeiture for non-payment of rent, as in this instance, relief is exercised under the equitable jurisdiction of the courts, and any relief is considered, granted or refused strictly within that jurisdiction and on equitable principles alone...

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Helen Galley

XXIV Old Buildings

Helen has built up a reputation as a well-respected commercial Chancery practitioner with an emphasis on property and trusts related issues. She has built up extensive and wide ranging expertise in both non contentious and contentious property matters ranging from small scale cases to multi-million pound developments. Helen has also acted in a wide range of commercial and business disputes in areas as diverse as travel, hire purchase, the media, entertainment, IPR, IT and e-commerce. Contentious and non-contentious trusts matters, both on and offshore, are a regular feature of her caseload. Helen is a member of STEP, ACTAPS, the Property Bar Association, the Chancery Bar Association and IAL as well as an accredited mediator. Helen is recommended as “a first-rate advocate” in Legal 500 2015 for private client (trusts and probate), partnership and professional negligence. She is said to be...

Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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