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R (Greyhound Board of Great Britain Ltd) v Welsh Ministers [2026] EWHC 670 (Admin) What are the practical implications of this case? The ruling reinforces the constitutional divide between the courts and the legislature. It explains that the scheme and framework of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (GWA 2006) embody that separation of powers, and that any judicial attempt to recognise and enforce a common law obligation on Welsh Ministers to consult prior to introducing legislation in the Senedd would trespass upon that boundary. This is not a departure from established principle; case law has already upheld comparable rules for lawmakers in Scotland and at Westminster. However, this is the first express confirmation of the position for Welsh lawmakers, and the first time this dimension of the GWA 2006 has been analysed in such depth. The court examined earlier
The solution arrived through the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), a quasi‑judicial body handling mass claims, created under UN Security Council Resolution 687. By addressing environmental harm—most notably via its ‘F4’ claim class—the UNCC set a seminal benchmark shaping how international law and contemporary arbitral panels allocate financial responsibility for wartime ecological devastation. With present-day wars in areas such as Eastern Europe and the Middle East bringing dam breaches, strikes on chemical facilities, and the burning of farmland, the UNCC’s legacy endures as an essential reference point for states, global investors, and companies engaged in post‑conflict arbitration. The F4 claims: Quantifying the unquantifiable Prior to the 1990s, mechanisms in international law for war reparations overwhelmingly favoured property loss, foregone earnings, and bodily injury. The natural world was commonly treated as a mute, non-compensable victim of armed hostilities...
Understanding the farming business as a business Many farms still use long-standing structures that arose by habit, not strategy. Sole traders, informal partnerships and outdated partnership deeds are common. While once effective, such setups can cause major issues around succession, tax planning and involving the next generation. A corporate team can take a fresh, business-led view of the farm, asking: Who owns the land and other critical assets? Who manages daily operations? Who carries the risk and who enjoys the return? What is the enduring plan for succession? From this review, the team can confirm whether the current setup is fit for purpose or if an alternative — for example an updated partnership agreement, a company, a limited liability partnership, or a blended model — would better meet the family’s aims. Tax efficiency through joined-up advice Tax sits at the centre of most
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The CMC, a non-profit organisation that monitors digital attacks, reported an estimated range of losses for the incident of between £1.6bn and £2.1bn. The report notes this sum could climb if JLR’s systems have been substantially damaged, or if unanticipated holdups delay the restoration of output to what it was before the incident. It advises insurers, policy-makers and corporate boards to take stock of the event, the report states. Businesses, it adds, should evaluate their cyber insurance needs based on their supply chains and exposure to disruption, and recognise that operational disruption is the single largest cyber risk for most companies......
Open AI’s figures released on 21 October 2025 indicate that Chat GPT’s European user base has moved beyond the level that would see it classified as a regulated search engine ‘with systemic risks’ under the EU Digital Services Act ( EU DSA) The EU DSA imposes a stringent due-diligence framework on online platforms and search engines with more than 45 million users in the EU—10% of the EU’s population—on the grounds that they pose systemic risks to society In April 2025, MLex reported that the European Commission, the lead regulator for systemic online services under the EU DSA, was considering designating Chat GPT as a search engine owing to its web-search functionality (see here) Growing user base The user base metric is calculated from the average number of monthly users across the preceding six months In March, Open AI announced 41.3 million monthly users since October 2024......
Bellway Homes Ltd v The Occupiers of Samuel Garside House [2025] EWCA Civ 1347 What are the practical implications of this case? This ruling lands swiftly after the Court of Appeal’s decision in Robertson v Google [2025] EWCA Civ 1262, with the effect that, unless the claimant could show material factual differences, the defendant’s appeal was bound to be allowed. The judgment considers two points: whether service by DX was effective (the claimant’s cross‑appeal)—the court gave short shrift to the contention that the issue was a mere defect in the step taken, rather than a failure to take any step at all. It underlined that, as a matter of principle, it is rarely worthwhile to distinguish between not taking a required procedural step in time and taking it in time but doing so defectively, a position the Court of Appeal has...
In this issue: Beyond Brexit UK, EU and international regulators and bodies Authorisation, approval and supervision Prudential requirements Operational resilience Complaints, compensation and claims management Financial crime and sanctions Consumer credit, mortgage and home finance Conduct requirements Investigations, enforcement and discipline Regulation of capital markets Regulation of derivatives Sustainable finance and ESG Banks and mutuals Investment funds and asset management UK Mi FID II EU Mi FID II Regulation of insurance Payment services and systems Fintech and cryptoassets Lex Talk®Financial Services: a Lexis®Nexis community Dates for your diary Financial Services Enforcement Database Daily and weekly news alerts Intraday news alerts Beyond Brexit FCA updates guidance on the financial services contracts regime, temporary permissions regime and leaving SRO or CRO The Financial Conduct Authority ( FCA) has refreshed its guidance covering the temporary permissions regime, the financial services contracts regime, and how firms exit supervised or contractual run-off. It now confirms that the contractual run-off ( CRO) regime will cease on 31 December 2025. This deadline applies...
In this issue: Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Consumer protection Contracts E-commerce Public procurement Supply of goods and services Lex Talk®Commercial: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Advertising, marketing and sponsorship ASA rulings—22 October 2025 A single complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority ( ASA) targeted a social media post from Eaton Gate Gaming Ltd, trading as Kwiff, that showed Sir Lewis Hamilton. It was also claimed the post featured a person with pronounced appeal to under-18s, contrary to the CAP Code. The ASA therefore upheld the complaint. See: LNB News 22/10/2025 17. CMA closes Google Privacy Sandbox investigation and releases binding commitments The Competition and Markets Authority ( CMA) examined Google’s plan to phase out third-party cookies in Chrome and to roll out ‘ Privacy Sandbox’ solutions. Opened on 7 January 2021 under Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998, the probe considered whether the proposals could unduly favour...
The statement follows: A Ministry of Commerce spokesperson responded to media enquiries about China’s WTO complaint against India concerning subsidies for electric vehicles and batteries. Reports state that China has lodged a WTO case alleging India subsidises electric vehicles and battery output......
In its long-awaited reply to the consultation, HM Treasury ( HMT) confirmed the government will establish a unified supervisor for professional services. HMT has appointed the FCA to monitor compliance for 60,000 regulated law firms delivering legal, accountancy, and trust and company services. According to the government, the best way to supervise AML and CTF is for a public organisation to oversee professional services firms. ' Bringing professional services under the FCA’s AML/ CTF supervision will align them with other sectors covered by the money laundering regulations — already monitored by public bodies — and will streamline an overly complex regulatory landscape,' HMT noted. The government added that new legislation, funding arrangements, and a transition plan are required before full implementation of the......
In this issue: Equity capital markets Private M& A (share purchase) Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Equity capital markets FCA issues Primary Market Bulletin 58 and consults on updates to Knowledge Base ahead of POATRs implementation The Financial Conduct Authority ( FCA) has released Primary Market Bulletin 58, setting out the principal steps for lodging documents in advance of the new Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations ( POATRs). It explains the route for submitting draft prospectuses, registration documents, universal registration documents and securities notes via the Electronic Submission System from 1 December 2025, for approvals taking effect on or after 19 January 2026. To facilitate filings, fresh forms and cross-reference checklists are expected on or around 24 November 2025, and the final date for...
In this issue: Key developments Air emissions and climate change Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental enforcement and prosecutions Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Key developments Defra publishes response to OEP report on England environmental improvement plan progress Defra has issued a policy paper replying to the Office for Environmental Protection’s January 2025 progress review, ‘ Progress in improving the natural environment in England 2023 to 2024’. That OEP report evaluated how far the government has advanced towards Environmental Improvement Plan ( EIP) targets set under the Environment Act 2021 ( EA 2021). See: LNB News 22/10/2025 36. Air emissions and climate change GAD initiates Cross- Government Climate Ready Estates...
In this issue: Residential tenancies Disputes and remedies Service charges Easements and covenants Trespass and adverse possession Lease covenants and obligations Additional property Disputes updates Lex Talk®Property Disputes: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Residential tenancies Subsequent compliance with gas safety records overcomes pre-tenancy defect ( Cassell v Sidhu) In Cassell v Sidhu [2025] Lexis Citation 2682, the Reading County Court rejected an appeal against a possession order concerning a property let under an assured shorthold tenancy ( AST). The central question was whether a gas safety record supplied when the AST began, which omitted the landlords’ address as required by the Gas Safety Installation and Use Regulations 1998, permanently stopped the landlords relying on the accelerated possession route in section 21 of the...
In this issue: Arbitration in England & Wales International arbitration Institutional and ad hoc arbitration Other arbitration and ADR-related news and developments Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Arbitration in England & Wales Supreme Court upholds costs award in sterling The UK Supreme Court has unanimously rejected Process & Industrial Developments Ltd’s ( P& ID) challenge to a costs order made in favour of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ( Nigeria). It confirmed that the Commercial Court and the Court of Appeal were right to make the order in sterling rather than Nigeria’s national currency, the naira. The justices held that costs orders are discretionary, not compensatory like damages, and that it was proper to frame the order in the currency in which Nigeria incurred and settled its legal expenses. The court...
In this issue: Sanctions AML, CTF & Counter- Proliferation Financing Data Protection Other Practice Compliance updates this week Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Sanctions OFSI publishes General Licence INT/2025/7598960 and updates UK Financial Sanctions FAQs The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation has issued General Licence INT/2025/7598960 under regulation 64 of the Russia ( Sanctions) ( EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019/855. This licence enables ongoing business with Rosneft Deutschland Gmb H, RN Refining and Marketing Gmb H and their subsidiaries. OFSI has also revised its UK Financial Sanctions FAQs, adding FAQ 169, confirming that dealings with these entities can proceed as usual for UK financial sanctions, so long as all conditions of General Licence INT/2025/7598960 are met. See: LNB News 22/10/2025 21. OFSI publishes Legal Services General Licence...
In this issue: Immigration Pay Protected characteristics Settlement Issues arising on termination Employment Tribunals New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Employment resources on Lexis+® Lex Talk®Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts Immigration Immigration Skills Charge ( Amendment) Regulations announces 32% increase to ISC fees Draft Immigration Skills Charge ( Amendment) Regulations 2025 have been placed before Parliament. They would amend the Immigration Skills Charge Regulations 2017, SI 2017/499, lifting the Immigration Skills Charge—paid by sponsors of Skilled Workers and Senior or Specialist Workers—by 32%. See: LNB News 16/10/2025 59... Pay DBT names and shames 491 employers failing to pay minimum wage The Department for Business and Trade ( DBT) has publicly identified 491 employers that underpaid the national minimum wage to about 42,000 workers in its 22nd naming round....
In this issue: Data Protection Sanctions AML, CTF & Counter- Proliferation Financing Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Data Protection EDPB adopts opinions on UK data adequacy extensions The European Data Protection Board ( EDPB) has issued Opinions 26/2025 and 27/2025 on the European Commission’s draft measures to prolong the UK adequacy decisions under the General Data Protection Regulation ( Regulation ( EU) 2016/679) and the Law Enforcement Directive ( Directive ( EU) 2016/680) through to December 2031. While recognising the continuing alignment between the UK and EU data protection regimes, the Board has encouraged the Commission to keep a close watch on UK developments that could influence the protection standard, including changes introduced by the Data ( Use and Access) Act 2025 and the governance of the Information Commissioner’s Office ( ICO). See: LNB News...
In this issue: Property development Residential property Transferring property Easements, rights and covenants Environment, energy and buildings Property in Scotland Additional property updates this week Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers Property development National planning policy cannot override rights conferred by outline planning permission In C G Fry & Son Ltd v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government [2025] UKSC 35, the Supreme Court delivered a unanimous result that both dismissed and allowed the appeal in part. It decided that: (i) regulation 63 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (the Habitats Regulations), SI 2017/1012 reaches later phases of the planning process, including the discharge of conditions; however, (ii) national planning policy cannot cut across rights already granted by an outline planning permission. Commentary on the...
In this issue: Trade in goods Anti-dumping Subsidies and countervailing measures Lex Talk®International Trade: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trade in goods European Parliament committees approve ban on Russian gas and oil imports The European Parliament’s Committees on Industry, Research and Energy and on International Trade have backed draft rules to prohibit imports of Russian natural gas—covering pipeline flows and liquefied natural gas ( LNG)—from 1 January 2026, with narrow carve‑outs for existing contracts until mid‑2026 and into early 2027. The plan likewise forbids storing gas of Russian origin in EU facilities and widens the embargo to Russian oil and petroleum products from the same date. It would tighten customs checks on provenance, require mandatory authorisations and audits, and deploy anti‑circumvention tools to stop re‑labelling, routing via third countries, or the use of shadow fleets. Members removed a clause permitting temporary suspension of the embargo on...
Barclays said it will increase the provision Barclays plans to lift the provision for itself and its subsidiary, Clydesdale Financial Services Ltd, beyond the £90m cited in their 2024 annual reports. This revision reflects the FCA’s consultation on a scheme to compensate customers who obtained motor finance and were judged to have been treated unfairly between 2007 and 2024. The regulator estimates lenders face £8.2bn in compensation. The consultation sets out the regulator’s programme for compensating borrowers and clarifies how lenders should calculate any redress owed. In October 2025, the FCA outlined further detail on how it would evaluate unfairness across the lending market and explained its method for calculating redress. Following the consultation’s release, Barclays joins other motor finance providers that have raised their provisions accordingly......
LC& F sues over £20m transfers linked to Ponzi scheme Administrators, in a High Court filing dated 24 September 2025 and brought on behalf of LC& F, assert that Global Currency Exchange Network Ltd and Global Custodial Services Ltd, which operate jointly as GC Partners, processed transfers exceeding £20.3m while suspecting the funds could be tied to fraud. The claim, only recently disclosed, states GC Partners went ahead despite those doubts, and sets out that the firms handled the instructions under scrutiny for LC& F... According to the particulars, GC Partners breached fiduciary duties and acted negligently by executing a small number of substantial transactions at the direction of LC& F director Michael Thomson. The pleading further alleges the defendants had reasonable grounds to believe the payment instructions were attempts to defraud LC& F, yet still carried out the transfers identified in the case......
Antitrust Co J dismisses Teva and Cephalon’s appeal against ‘pay-for-delay’ fines The Court of Justice has handed down its ruling in Case C‑2/24 P, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries and Cephalon v Commission, concerning an appeal from the General Court’s judgment in Case T‑74/21. That earlier ruling upheld the Commission’s 2020 decision levying fines on Teva and Cephalon for a pay‑for‑delay arrangement that postponed the launch of a generic version of modafinil. The Court of Justice rejected the appeal in full. Background In 2005, Cephalon, a pharmaceutical company, owned patents linked to the medicine modafinil. Teva, as a generic producer, aimed to enter with a competing modafinil generic. Disputes followed between the firms alleging patent infringement. Later that year, they settled: Teva agreed neither to market its generic modafinil nor to contest Cephalon’s patents, in return for substantial monetary transfers and other commercial advantages from...
In this issue: Planning Social housing Children’s social care Education Public procurement Governance Healthcare Social care Environmental law and climate change Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Planning Supreme Court holds national planning policy cannot override rights conferred by outline planning permission ( C G Fry & Son Ltd v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government) In C G Fry & Son Ltd v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, the Supreme Court unanimously both partly dismissed and partly allowed the appeal. It determined that reg 63 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (the Habitats Regulations), SI 2017/1012, applies at subsequent stages of the planning process, including the discharge of conditions. However, the court allowed the appeal on the distinct point that...
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When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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